1、大学四级-1913 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Global Warming. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Global Warming（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00
2、)Why People Should Study HistoryIn 1998, I received a scholarship to study for an undergraduate degree at Yale University. During my four years at Yale, I explored a broad array of subjects: economics, German language and literature, mathematics, English literature, etc. but the subject I was most c
3、ommitted to intellectually was history. The ten history courses I took at Yale included ancient Greek history, Roman history, medieval European history, the Reformation, the European intellectual history of the 18th and 19th centuries, and the history of modern Russia and modern Germany. When I told
4、 other Chinese that I was studying history at Yale, many talked as if I were a slacker evading science and engineering programs, or a loser who couldnt make it in computer science or electrical engineering; others wondered why I had chosen such an impractical subject.Both responses reflect the deepl
5、y ingrained prejudice of many Chinese against the humanities and are grossly erroneous. Studying history at a great American university is neither easy nor impractical. In some sense, I learned my most important lessons through struggling with the difficulties of studying history. My history courses
6、 posed a much bigger academic challenge than my previous experience in Tsinghua as a freshman in biochemistry, or in Tsinghua Fuzhongs experimental accelerated science program. I came away from those four arduous years at Yale tremendously enriched.Most history classes at Yale require attending two
7、or three lectures a week, a weekly discussion section, relentless reading assignments of 200 or more pages a week, a midterm and final exam, and two papers. At the beginning, just taking notes on lectures and finishing the reading on time were daunting challenges; writing papers was nightmarish. My
8、trouble with papers generally started the moment they were assigned. The topics were indeterminate, e.g. “write about any topic of your choice in ancient Greek history“, “write a book review for a book of your choice“ from a reading list of fifty books on medieval history or “compare and contrast se
9、lected passages from Karl Marxs Das Kapital and Alexis de Tocquevilles Democracy in America. “ The expected end result is a paper making a coherent argument that draws its supporting evidence or ideas from several books or journal articles. The subtext to such assignments is: whatever you say in the
10、 paper has to reflect your own thinking; hence simply repeating the professors opinions or whatever is in the readings will not get you very far. In the first week of my Yale career it was hammered home to us that plagiarism was the capital crime in the academic world. Each year there are students w
11、ho are punished for plagiarizing.Looking at a paper assignment, my mind often went blank: ANY topics in ancient Greek history? But which one, and where to start? Even after I was able to narrow the topic down to, say, the career of Pericles, there were still thousands of books and articles written o
12、n it. What was my main argument to be? What points should I make? What information should I include in the paper to support my argument? I would spend hours going through hundreds and hundreds of pages of reading with no clue what to write on. I spent so many nights pacing back and forth in the libr
13、ary, trying to define a topic and choose my arguments. And I was hardly the only person with this problem: Yale students complain about papers as much as Londoners complain about the weather. Pulling all-nighters to finish a paper is part of the shared memory of those “bright college years. “I gradu
14、ally realized the value of such seemingly unguided education. Allowing students great scope in choosing their own paper topics reflects the Western belief in individual initiative. Students are encouraged to make their own choices and go wherever their interests lead them. On a different level, in t
15、he process of groping for a topic, then screening the available material, and finally using it to make an intelligent argument, students learn the important lesson of rapidly processing and critically utilizing a large amount of information. This is an important skill not only in historical research
16、, but in many careers outside the academic world, where information comes in the form of a tangled mess, not neat textbook passages to be spoon fed to passive “learners. “I find the language skills acquired from history classes highly relevant in the real world. Because of the broad spectrum of subi
17、ects that history encompasses-political events, social changes, intellectual and artistic movements, etc-the student of history has to command a wide vocabulary to describe and analyze these different subjects. For my history classes, I wrote papers on the military strategy that Athens and Sparta em
18、ployed in the Persian War, the autobiography of the medieval philosopher Abelard, Russian peasant uprisings in the 1860s, the environmental crisis in the early Qing Dynasty, and numerous other topics. Intensive reading, writing, and discussion forced me to absorb and master new vocabulary and rhetor
19、ical tactics at a rapid pace. And happily, many historians are excellent stylists. Their precise and supple use of English makes their books models of English expository prose at its best.Writing well is a fine skill, but is it important? Yes, very! Many companies that came to recruit at Yale, inclu
20、ding most of the well-known Wall Street finance and consulting firms, made no secret of their preference for candidates with solid writing skills. Each year these firms hire a large number of new graduates with majors such as history, English, and political science, but no formal finance or business
21、 education. Curiously, the undergraduate economics or finance curriculum at elite private universities such as Yale, Harvard and Princeton has a strong theoretical bent and is not immediately applicable to a career in a private firm. Indeed, most elite universities dont even have an undergraduate bu
22、siness program. In the US one of the most influential and lucrative professions is law, a field in which writing skills are indispensable. Not surprisingly, law school is one of the most popular destinations for Yale grads majoring in history.The ability to use words well is highly valued and respec
23、ted in Western culture. The two most “popular“ figures on the Yale campus are probably Richard Brodhead, dean of Yale College, and sinologist Jonathan Spence. Both cast their spell on the Yale community through the excellence of their writing and public speaking. Spences course on modern Chinese his
24、tory once drew a first-day crowd of 650. He had to limit enrollment to 400, the capacity of the largest lecture hall at Yale. From my experience, Chinese students with an excellent command of English receive a lot of respect and attention from Americans.So a history education is useful. Yet if the q
25、uestion “Why study history?“ had been put to the 204 history majors in my class, chances are that they would have replied, “Because its fun. “ And it is! The study of history is enjoyable on several levels.History is not only fun for people who study it, but also for the people who research it. No e
26、ssay or book fully explains why people study history. The answer given by Donald Kagan, Yales celebrated professor of ancient Greek history, captures the essence of the problem:“You only know why people should study history after you have studied history.（分数：70.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT m
27、entioned in the ten history courses the author chose in Yale University?A. The history of medieval Europe.B. The history of modern Germany.C. The history of China.D. The history of Roman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do other people think when they heard that the author chose history course?A. They thin
28、k it is a good choice.B. They think the author tries to escape heavy burden of science study.C. They assume the author is dull to make this decision.D. They think the author is not capable of college study in Yale.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the word “plagiarism“ mean in the end of the third para
29、graph?A. Paper without fresh views.B. Delaying of handing in papers.C. Academic cheating.D. Failing in exams.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the meaning of unguided education?A. Students are encouraged to make their own choices.B. Students learn to process rapidly.C. Students learn skills they cant get
30、 from other courses.D. It reflects western belief in individual initiative.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What skills does the author learn from learning history?A. Language skills.B. Writing skills.C. Ability of quick processing.D. All the above.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Why does the author say language skills ac
31、quired from history highly relevant in the real world?A. Because he can learn a variety of vocabulary from history.B. Because he can learn English used in different times in the history.C. Because he can learn much background information.D. Because besides vocabulary, he can learn from historians pr
32、ecise and supple use in English.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What ability is highly valued in western culture?A. The ability to grasp information.B. The ability to utilize a large amount of information.C. The ability to write well.D. The ability to read a lot of books and papers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).My hist
33、ory courses are more stressful than _ in Tsinghua as a freshman in biochemistry, or in Tsinghua Fuzhongs experimental accelerated science program.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Many Chinese have ingrained bias against _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Law is considered as one of the most lucrative and influential fields
34、in which writing skills are _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Go to the football match with the woman.B. Ask the woman to help him write the term paper on history.C. Finish the last two chapters of history assignment.D. Take part in the football
35、match.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She wants to borrow the mans student card.B. The tickets are less expensive than she expected.C. She wont be able to get any discount for the ticket.D. The performance turns out to be disappointing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Its far from being ready.B. It contains some val
36、uable ideas.C. She needs another week to get it ready.D. It has nothing to do with the internet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He is suffering from the difference of time zones.B. He has been studying hard at night.C. He finds biology difficult to learn.D. He has not adjusted to a new culture.（分数：7.00）A.B.
37、C.D.(5).A. A lesson requires students active involvement.B. Students usually take an active part in a lecture.C. More knowledge is covered in a lecture.D. There is a larger group of people interested in lesson.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The pictures of night view are really better than he expected.B. H
38、e didnt know how he finished his role in the play.C. The film hasnt been processed yet.D. He didnt have enough film.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He often complains.B. He is a short person.C. He is worried about something.D. He is a happy sort of person.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He cant miss the bank.B. She
39、 forgot to tell him one thing.C. Its no use going there.D. The bank is close to the corner.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. To make a business report to the woman.B. To be interviewed for a job in the womans company.C. To resign f
40、rom his position in the womans company.D. To exchange stock market information with the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He is head of a small trading company.B. He works in an international insurance company.C. He leads a team of brokers in a big company.D. He is a public relations officer in a small
41、company.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B. Mr. Saunders will share one third of the womans responsibilities.C. Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D. The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders past experience.
42、（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Shes worried about the seminar.B. The man keeps interrupting her.C. She finds it too hard.D. She lacks interest in it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The lecturers are boring.B. The course is poorly design
43、ed.C. She prefers philosophy to English.D. She enjoys literature more.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Karens friend.B. Karens parents.C. Karens lecturers.D. Karen herself.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Changing her major.B. Spending less of her parents money.C. Getting transferred to the English Department.D. Leav
44、ing the university.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. From their childhood.B. During their employment.C. When they get a stable job.D. After they graduate from university.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Arranging cours
45、es for them.B. Offering them access to the Internet.C. Supporting their interest.D. Giving them constructive advice.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Check if the program is interesting.B. Judge if the program is suitable for them.C. Check if they have finished their homework.D. Judge if the program helps to
46、cultivate their interest.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Three minutes.B. Two minutes.C. One minute.D. Five minutes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To win a competition.B. To break a record.C. To deliver the news of victory.D. To win the firs
47、t prize.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because he is over the fellow runners.B. Because he is over former runners.C. Because he is over his own body.D. Because he wins the prize.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. It makes many teenagers addicti
48、ve.B. Its encouraging and stimulating.C. It can give people sense of belonging.D. It has both advantages and disadvantages.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Their sense of loneliness.B. Their roles in the society.C. Their choices of friends.D. Their pressure from study.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To avoid isolati
49、on from friends.B. To leave non-smoker friends alone.C. To avoid the belief crisis.D. To get a sense of freedom.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To keep awake and attentive to do their jobs.B. To reduce the tension to meet their clients.C. To get along well with smokers around them.D. To keep their bodies warm by smoking.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)When a consumer finds that an item she or he bough
