1、大学四级-1911 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic:On a Harmonious Campus Life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.On a Harmonious Campus Life（分数：106.00）_二、Part Re
2、ading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The History of JewelryRhinestones(莱茵石) have a glittery past. Originally rhinestones were referred to Czechoslovakian or Bohemian glass dating as far back as the 13th century in Bohemian and the Czech Republic. Both places have a history steeped in beautiful hand blown glas
3、s as well as molded and cut glass.By 1918 glass was no longer limited to functional items. Czechoslovakian glass began to make its appearance in dazzling(打磨)and brilliant jewelry. This Czech glass became known as.Rhinestones were manmade gems from highly refined glass. By using various metals the gl
4、ass was colored to the desired shade. It was then pressed into molds. Each stone was then ground and polished by machine, resulting in a brilliant glass stone. Often the stones were foiled on the back which increased their brilliance.Today, the same refining process is still used. You will often hea
5、r rhinestones referred to as paste(铅质玻璃). Originally paste was referred to a glass stone that was made of ground glass which was molded and then melted, producing an opaque dense glass frosted stone. Paste had many air bubbles and swirl marks. The high lead content glass was then polished and facete
6、d, and set on either copper or silver resulting in a brilliant stone. Today the term “paste“ usually refers to rhinestones. In Europe rhinestones are often referred to as paste, strass, and diamante.Austria is another area with a history in rhinestone production. In 1891 Daniel Swarovski created a n
7、ew glass cutting machine which quite literally revolutionized the jewelry business. This machine could cut faceted glass, producing finely finished product in a very short time. Prior to this invention it would take a very long time for each stone to be cut by hand and finished. Swarovskis backgroun
8、d in glass making, combined with his glass cutting machine soon found him producing rhinestones with a lead content of over 30%. The brilliance of these rhinestones was superior to anything seen on the market. Swarovski was not content with his invention and the best rhinestones ever seen. His next
9、invention was once again transforming to the jewelry industry. He created a vacuum plating for the backs of the stones with silver and gold, reducing the need for hand labor. Still today Swarovski rhinestones are recognized as the highest quality in the industry. Over 80% of rhinestone jewelry manuf
10、actured in America use Swarovski rhinestones.Rhinestones have played an important pole in costume jewelry for hundreds of years. It is used to enhance and decorate the costumes, and sometimes rhinestones will provide the entire design. During the Victorian period common design patterns for jewelry i
11、ncluded snakes, flowers, and hands most often adorned with rhinestones.The 1890s were a time for extravagant jewelry heavily adorned with rhinestones. As time moved forward designs became simpler with figural shapes once again making their fashion statement. However this time they were small and mor
12、e elegant with small rhinestone decorations.During the Edwardian period extravagance had made a comeback with diamonds and pearls being the focal point. Once again rhinestones were in heavy use, often used to imitate the real thing.During the 1920s fashions were rapidly changing. Dresses had gone fr
13、om tight, fitted to a loser, more comfortable styleandrogynous styles (having both female and male characteristics). Jewelry from the 1920s drew on the art decoration period. The majority of rhinestone jewelry was made with clear rhinestone. As the 1920s moved jewelry once again became bolder. Drama
14、tic color was in style. Designer Coco Chanel was an integral figure in setting the stage for jewelry of this area.During the 1930s, during the Depression, labor-intensive fashion was no longer feasible. While the world was in chaos, jewelry represented an affordable comfort to many women. Inexpensiv
15、e costume jewelry could be used to revitalize an old outfit. The industry began to produce bright colored enamel pieces decorated with rhinestones. Dogs, birds, or cats with a rhinestone eye were common place.The jewelry during the 1940s once again became big and bold with rhinestones being produced
16、 in every imaginable color, large stone set on large settings was norm.By the 1950s there were two very distinct lookselegant and sophisticated for the more mature woman, and casual and fun for the younger woman. The 1950s saw jewelry that were made completely from rhinestones. For the younger woman
17、 were flirty pieces, for the older woman sophisticated elegance. Whole sets of rhinestone jewelry became extremely popular.In 1953 the aurora borealis rhinestone was introduced to the market with its fabulous array of color. It was an instant hit!By 1960s women were wearing very functional clothing.
18、 By the late 1960s the hippie fashions were extremely popular with their roots tied to Mother Nature. Tie dyed shirts, long flowing skirts, frayed jeans were everywhere. This generation had no interest in rhinestone jewelry.By the mid 1970s the punk look had been born and the rhinestone was revitali
19、zed. It was the disco movement brought the rhinestone back to center stage. The disco movement turned into the club movement during 1980s and rhinestone jewelry continued to gain popularity.Since the 1970s rhinestones have remained main stream in the jewelry world. They continued to gain popularity
20、and today there is a style to suit almost every ones needs. There is rhinestone jewelry which is perfect for a bride, rhinestone jewelry for a prom girl, rhinestone jewelry for the young and fun crowd, the business woman, the sophisticated woman, and the mature woman. Beautiful pieces of rhinestone
21、jewelry adorn almost every womans accessories.If trends were an indication of the rhinestone future, it appears to have a brilliant healthy life ahead of it. Pleasing for most women with a fashion sense who instantly recognize the value and beauty of rhinestones!（分数：70.00）(1).Czech glass became know
22、n as rhinestones when it was used for _.A. Manmade jewelry B. industrial purposeC. Making tableware D. decorating house（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In Europe, rhinestones are also called _.A. Foil B. swirl C. paste D. facet（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Daniel Swarovski was soon able to produce rhinestones which cont
23、ented more than 30 percent of _.A. Copper B. iron C. bronze D. lead（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The need for hand labor could be reduced, for Swarovski created a _.A. Cutting machine B. faceting machineC. vacuum machine D. vacuum casting（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Snakes decorated with rhinestones were a common de
24、sign pattern during _.A. The Edwardian period B. the Victorian periodC. the Elizabethan period D. the Georgian period（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The androgynous style involved features of _.A. The aristocrats B. both men and womenC. The professionals D. the working women（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What was in sty
25、le in the 1920s?A. Tight dress. B. Oversized outfit.C. Dramatic color. D. Light shade.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Dogs, birds, or cats with a rhinestone eye were in fashion during _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9)._ could not appeal to the hippie generation.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The club movement during the 1980s evolv
26、ed from _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Get some small change.B. Find a shopping center.C. Gash a check at a bank.D. Find a parking meter.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Shopping with his son.B. Buying a gift for a child.C. Promoting a new product.D. B
27、argaining with a salesgirl.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Taking photographs.B. Enhancing images.C. Mending cameras.D. Painting pictures.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He moved to philedelphia when he was young.B. He can provide little useful information.C. He will show the woman around philedelphia.D. He will as
28、k someone else to help the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. He is rather disappointed.B. He is highly ambitious.C. He cant face up to the situation.D. He knows his own limitations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She must have paid a lot for the gym.B. She is known to have a terrific figure.C. Her gym exercise
29、has yielded good results.D. Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Female students are unfit for studying mathematics.B. He can serve as the womans tutor.C. Mathematics is an important course at school.D. The professors suggestion is constructive.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A
30、. Indifferent.B. Doubtful.C. Pleased.D. Surprised.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. A detective story.B. A class assignment.C. A birthday present.D. A jewelry story robbery.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The professor did not like her sto
31、ry.B. She was taking too many courses.C. She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D. She had trouble finishing her assignment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Take some extra time.B. Do some work for another course.C. Put down whatever ideas she has first.D. Write the story ending first.（分数：7.
32、00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To go shopping.B. To do research for her story.C. To meet her professor.D. To take a break from her work.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He close not have his library card with him.B. He dose not want to return
33、the book right now.C. He dose not like the system of putting books on hold.D. He dose not want to pay the fine.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Only if he pays three times of the original fine.B. Only if he shares the book with others.C. Only if other students waiting for the book finish using it.D. Only if
34、he replaces his library card.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He will pay the $1.40 fine today.B. He will return the book after the exam.C. He will pay the fine after the today.D. He will find out who borrows the book.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you
35、 have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Rent a grave.B. Burn the body.C. Bury the dead near a church.D. Buy a piece of land for a grave.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To solve the problem of lack of land.B. To see whether they have decayed.C. To follow the Greek religious practice.D. To move them to a multistore
36、y graveyard.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They should be buried lying down.B. They should be buried standing up.C. They should be buried after being washed.D. They should be buried when partially decayed.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Burning dead bodies to ashes.B. Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C. Placi
37、ng dead bodies in a bone room.D. Digging up dead bodies after three years.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B. Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C. The United States i
38、s a country of immigrants.D. Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They can make friends with people from other countries.B. They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C. They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D. They can meet wi
39、th businessmen from all over the world.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.B. The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C. The mother does the cooking while the father and children serve the guests.D. A hired cook prepares the dishes a
40、nd the family members serve the guests.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He took them to watch a basketball game.B. He trained them to play European football.C. He let them compete in getting bails out of a basket.D. He taught them to p
41、lay an exciting new game.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The players found the basket too high to reach.B. The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C. The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.D. The players soon found the game boring.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. By removing th
42、e bottom of the basket.B. By lowering the position of the basket.C. By simplifying the complex rules.D. By altering the size of the basket.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Tod Kashdan,a (36) studies happiness and (37) at George Mason University and has read the Utah (38) “Theyre hearing a
43、ll these great things happening from other people and theyre making a downward (39) to themselves. Theyre (40) themselves as My life isnt as interesting or (41) as other peoples lives look like ,“ he explained.The authors of the Utah study say the results may be due to a psychological effect called
44、“ (42) bias. “Thats when we make judgments about someone based on their (43) or personality while ignoring their actual life circumstances.(44) because they are not posting negative attributes or events, only positive ones.(45) .“Im aware that whatever people posted on Facebook isnt necessarily what
45、 their entire life is made of. I feel like people put a fake picture of themselves and (46) ,“ Maram Mohamed said.（分数：77.00）(1).Tod Kashdan,a (36) studies happiness and (37) at George Mason University and has read the Utah (38) “Theyre hearing all these great things happening from other people and t
46、heyre making a downward (39) to themselves. Theyre (40) themselves as My life isnt as interesting or (41) as other peoples lives look like ,“ he explained.The authors of the Utah study say the results may be due to a psychological effect called “ (42) bias. “Thats when we make judgments about someon
47、e based on their (43) or personality while ignoring their actual life circumstances.(44) because they are not posting negative attributes or events, only positive ones.(45) .“Im aware that whatever people posted on Facebook isnt necessarily what their entire life is made of. I feel like people put a
48、 fake picture of themselves and (46) ,“ Maram Mohamed said.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Tod Kashdan,a (36) studies happiness and (37) at George Mason University and has read the Utah (38) “Theyre hearing all these great things happening from other people and theyre making a downward (39) to themselves. Theyr
49、e (40) themselves as My life isnt as interesting or (41) as other peoples lives look like ,“ he explained.The authors of the Utah study say the results may be due to a psychological effect called “ (42) bias. “Thats when we make judgments about someone based on their (43) or personality while ignoring their actual life circumstances.(44) because they ar
