1、大学四级-1910 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic: Young People Should Have Combatant Spirit. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Young People Should Have Combatan
2、t Spirit（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Ingredients for HappinessNo, happiness isnt a lottery ticket away.I am fascinated by academic studies of human happiness, because bring scientific rigor to issues we all struggle with. We think more money will make us happier and yet studies su
3、ggest Americans are no more satisfied than they were three decades ago, when the standard of living was much lower.So if winning the lottery wont do the trick, what will? Here are seven lessons from happiness research. It is indeed possible to boost our happiness but it will take more than a fat wal
4、let.What matters is what we focus onThose with higher incomes arent necessarily happier. But when asked how satisfied they are with their lives, higher earners are more likely to say they are happy.Why? The question makes them ponder their position in a societyand they realize theyre pretty lucky. T
5、he implication: If you have a hefty portfolio or hefty paycheck, you can probably bolster your happiness by regularly contemplating your good fortune.Meanwhile, if you are less well off, avoid situations where you feel deprivedand seek out those where comparisons are in your favor. Rather than buyin
6、g the cheapest house in a wealthy neighborhood, settle for a town where people have similar salaries. When you think about your net worth, forget about your well-heeled sister and focus on your cashstrapped brother.Dont go it aloneStudies have found that married folks are happier than those who are
7、single.“Marriage provides two sources of happiness,“ says Andrew Oswald, an economics professor at Englands Warwick University. “One is sex and the other friendship. Marriage has one of the largest impacts on human well-being. “Similarly, spending time with friends can boost happiness. Studies indic
8、ate that commuting is one of lifes least enjoyable activities, that looking after kids is more of a struggle than we like to admit and that eating is one of lifes great pleasure.But all of these things can be enhanced by adding friends. Commuting with others will make the trip less grin, playing wit
9、h kids will be more fun if theres another adult along and eating with others is better than eating alone.We like to feel secure.Midlife is a period of relative unhappiness. This dissatisfaction may stem from the lack of control felt by those in their 40s, as they juggle raising children and the dema
10、nds of work.By contrast, employees in senior positions, retirees and those with good job security often report being happy. One explanation: They have greater control over their daily lives.“Theres a profound link between insecurities of all kinds and human well-being, “ Prof. Oswald notes. “Supervi
11、sors are happier than those who are supervised. Job loss is an enormous negative and job security is an enormous plus to mental health. “We enjoy making progressStudies suggest we prefer leisure to work. But that doesnt mean work is always a source of unhappiness. We like the feeling of performing a
12、 job competently and being in the flow of work“There are definitely better and worse jobs,“ says David Schkade, a management professor at the University of California at San Diego. “If youre in the flow more than often, thats going to be a better job. “But Prof Schkade says works real pleasure may c
13、ome from the sense of accomplishment we feel afterward. “We know progress makes people feel good,“ he says. “You should design a life where you have that feeling of progress. “Work also has the benefit of making leisure seem sweeter, Prof Schkade adds. This may be the reason seniors who set out sole
14、ly to relax and have fun are often disappointed by their retirement.We adapt to improvementsIn pursuit of progress, we strive for faster cars, fatter paychecks and winning lottery tickets.Yet, when we get what we are after, we quickly become dissatisfied and soon we are lusting after something else.
15、 Academics refer to this as the “hedonic treadmill“ or “hedonic adaptation“.We may, however, be able to slow the process of adaptation. If we go out and celebrate our recent promotion, we will hang onto the good feelings for a little longer . If we bought a house last year, we may recover some of th
16、e initial thrill by pausing to admire our new home.We should also think about how we spend our pride and joy to being a scruffy set of wheels with an irritating rattle, we will be left with fond memories that may grow even fonder with time .We also adapt to setbacks.While adaptation can work against
17、 us when good things happen, it large or irreversible. If we become disabled,we will likely adapt with surprising speed, If our spouse is a slob, we may never get used to it.One reason: We figure theres still a chance our spouse will change his or her slovenly ways.We enjoy behaving virtuously.If we
18、 volunteer, give to charity or behave politely, we usually feel pretty good.Pure altruism(利他主义)? It may, instead, be our ancient instincts kicking in. Good behavior paid big dividends in ancient societies, notes Boston money manager Terry Burnham, co-author of “Mean Genes. “Virtue is built into us b
19、ecause virtue was rewarded,“ he argues. “In small scale societies, where you are well known, there are rewards for being a rule breaker. “Still, whatever our true motivation, behaving virtuously is almost always a god thingand it will likely make us happier.（分数：70.00）(1).High earners are more likely
20、 to feel satisfied with their lives probably because _.A. money make human happierB. their life is more comfortableC. they realize they have good luckD. they only focus on poor peers（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The unpleasant things like commuting can be improved by _.A. having a happy marriageB. being toge
21、ther with friendsC. playing with kidsD. getting higher salary（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Prof. Oswald, job security is beneficial to _.A. mental healthB. physical healthC. work performanceD. promotion（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).David Schkade notes that jobs can be better on the condition that _.A. we
22、 get lifetime employmentB. we have more leisure time at workC. we positively get involved in our workD. we get promotion in a short time（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, what is the solution to “hedonic treadmill“?A. To stop seeking for process.B. To slow the process of adaptation.C. To
23、 spend less money.D. To keep pursuing new goals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).We can get more lasting happiness fromA. luxurious goods B. great pride C. fond memories D. sincere praise（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).We can see the importance of adaptation whenA. good things B. bad times strikeC. we never laugh D. our s
24、pouse is slovenly（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).If you are not well off, you can still find happiness in occasions where _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Happiness can be similar enhanced by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).According to Prof Schkade,when one has the sense of accomplishment in work, he will find _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_
25、三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. From upstairs.B. From next door.C. From the Nelsons house.D. From the back door.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The man should go Edinburgh by air.B. The man should go Edinburgh by train.C. The man should go Edinburgh by ship.D. The man s
26、hould go Edinburgh by coach.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. At a wedding.B. On a honeymoon.C. In Florida.D. At an airport.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. At 2:35.B. At 2.45.C. At 3:00.D. At 3:15.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Its very well written.B. He doesnt believe its missing so many pages.C. Hes amazed at the length.
27、D. He wants to look it over.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She hasnt gone camping for several weeks.B. She likes to take long camping trips.C. She prefers not to go camping on weekends.D. She often spends a lot of time planning her camping trips.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Johnsons classmate.B. Johnsons father
28、.C. Johnsons brother.D. Johnsons friend.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He got a heart attack.B. He was unharmed.C. He was badly hurt.D. He has fully recovered from the shock.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Whether the man had the experi
29、ence as a security guard.B. Whether the man is a student and whether he knows security.C. What the man is expert at and what is his hobby.D. Where the man lives and what his mother tongue is.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He prefers to sleep late in the morning.B. He writes for the local paper in the morni
30、ng.C. He has classes during the day.D. He wants a higher-paying evening job.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. 64 dollars.B. 8 dollars.C. 75 dollars.D. 70 dollars.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Complete an application form.B. Wait a few minutes for the result.C. Go back home and wait for the information.D. Complete h
31、is resume as soon possible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. In the middle of the semester.B. At the beginning of exams.C. At the end of the school year.D. In the middle of summer vacation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To a rock and mine
32、ral show.B. To an opera at the concert hall.C. To a movie at the student center.D. To a popular music concert.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She gets a students discount.B. Bob doesnt have very much money.C. She lost a bet and owed Bob money.D. Bob left his wallet at home.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3
33、，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. In about 20 years.B. Within a week.C. In a couple of weeks.D. As early as possible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Yes, of course.B. Possibly not.C. Not mentioned.D. Definitely not.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Her complain
34、t was ignored.B. The store sent her the correct order.C. The store apologized for their mistake.D. The store picked up the wrong items.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Alcohol helps develop peoples intelligence.B. Heavy drinking is not
35、 necessarily harmful to ones health.C. Controlled drinking helps people keep their wits as they age.D. Drinking, even moderately, may harm ones health.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Worried.B. Pleased.C. Surprised.D. Unconcerned.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. At a conference.B. In a newspaper.C. On television.D.
36、In a journal.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. They havent reached a decision yet.B. They have decided to go hunting bears.C. They want to go hunting camping.D. They want to go exploring the country.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Susie.B. Tom.
37、C. The speakerD. The speakers husband.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They chased the bear away.B. They stayed outside the tent and did nothing.C. They climbed up a treeD. They put some honey outside for the bear to eat.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He ate the honey.B. He drank the beer.C. He chased the people aw
38、ay.D. He turned things upside down（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Michael Jordan is an American (36) basketball player in the NBA, who led the Chicago Bulls to five NBA (37) . Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, and (38) in Wilmington, North Carolina.Jordan began to play with the Chic
39、ago Bulls team in the NBA in (39) He finished his first (40) as one of the top (41) in the league, with an (42) of 28.2 points per game; he also made the first of his eight All-Star game (43) . He led the NBA in scoring for nine seasons, and averaged more than 30 points per game in each season. (44)
40、 . He led the Chicago Bulls to their first NBA championship title in 1991. (45) . Jordan was also a member of the United States Olympic basketball team, (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分
41、数：90.00)A) background B) emotional G) shelter D) assistantE) irresistible F) attracted G) totally H) henceI) approach J) assisting K) forgotten L) wanderingM) adapt N) escape O) memorizedTime spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you are there to buy a boo
42、k as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find (47) from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become (48) unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is (49) , although this method of selection ought to not to be followed,
43、as you may engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much on books so that you have a(n) (50) appointment-without buying a book, of course.This opportunity to (51) the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bo
44、okshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. You can wonder round such places to your hearts content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will (52) you with inevitable greeting, “Can I help you, sir?“ you neednt buy anything you dont want. In a bookshop an assistant should remai
45、n in the (53) until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he was led you there, the (54) should retire carefully and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.You have to
46、be careful not to be (55) by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on accident coins and to come out carrying a copy of latest best-selling novel. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great
47、deal of time (56) from section to section.（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic(流行性) proportions. Not the disease itselfthere is no such t
48、hing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen
