1、大学四级-1896 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.The Way of Learning（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Birth Rate Falls in BrazilLike so many young families throughout Brazil, Ricardo Pires and Fabiana Oliveiro plan to only have one child together in order to provid
2、e a better life for their newborn son,Arthur.Priscila da Silva once asked her grandmother why she had 12 children, and the answer was simple “Because I wanted to.“These days, Silva, like many women in Brazil and the rest of Latin America, has other plans. At 24, she thinks about having one child, if
3、 that.“The situation today is different, and raising a child is difficult,“ said Silva, slicing tomatoes at a restaurant that she founded with four other women, only one of whom has planned a family of any size. “This is another time, and its not the same.“Fertility rates have dropped in many parts
4、of the world in recent decades, but something particularly remarkable happened to the once-prolific (曾经多育的) family across Latin America. From sprawling Mexico to tiny Ecuador to economically buoyant (上涨的) Chile, fertility rates fell sharply, even though abortion is illegal, the Catholic Church oppos
5、es birth control and government-run family planning is rare.A wild migration to the cities, the expansion of the female workforce, better health care and the example of the small, affluent families portrayed on the regions wildly popular soap operas have contributed to a demographic shift that happe
6、ned so fast it caught social scientists by surprise.In 1960, women in Latin America had almost six children on average. By 2010, the rate had fallen to 2.3 children.“When I started out, the first thing to do was to explain why people had lots of children,“ said Joseph Potter, a demographer at the Po
7、pulation Research Center at the University of Texas,who began working in Latin America in the 1970s. “In fact,people were more disposed toward low fertility than we oh-so-sophisticated social scientists thought. The idea that lots of children was the way to go went down the drain a lot earlier than
8、we were prepared to realize.“Brazils declining fertility rate has been particularly fascinating for demographers. This is a country of continental proportions whose population is an ethnic stew of almost 200 million. There is also a great gap between rich and poor, although millions have joined the
9、middle class during Brazils recent economic expansion.The countrys fertility rate has fallen from 6.15 children per woman in 1960 to less than 1.9 today. That is a lower rate than in any other Latin American country except Cuba, which has state-sponsored family planning and legalized abortion. It is
10、 also lower than the rate for the United States,which at 2 per woman is just enough for the population to replace itself. Demographers were astonished that Brazils fertility rate fell almost uniformly from Sao Paulo, with its tiny apartments and go-go economy, to Amazonian villages and the vast cent
11、ral farming belt.“Brazil started coming down and had this big drop that amazed everybody, everywhere,“ said Suzana Cavenaghi, a Brazilian census bureau demographer. “We wouldnt expect that in a country thats so diverse, with a lot of poverty in so many places and so unequal,economically speaking.“Co
12、ntributing factorsCavenaghi said a confluence (汇聚) of factors accelerated the trend.Women were empowered by a pro-democracy movement that rose up against a 1970s-era military dictatorship (专 政,独裁). That dictatorship,which wanted to populate Brazils remote areas, unintentionally contributed to fewer
13、births by promoting industrialization. That led rural families to crowd into cities,where a brood of children could be a financial drain.At their new restaurant,Saborearte in the Rio de Janeiro suburb of Batan, Priscila da Silva, and Jaqueline Ramos, both 24,are focused on making their business a su
14、ccess. If she ever has children, Silva wants one. And Ramos said, for now, shes happy raising her dog. “Women nowadays, they understand that they have to change their lives,“ said Veronica Marques,communications director for Elas, a group that helps women start businesses across Brazil. “This idea o
15、f doing what she really wants to do,and having the power to do it,is the thing that has changed this country.“Marques, who is 31 and married and who doesnt have any children, said that for many Brazilian women, the top role model is the countrys first female president,Dilma Rousseff. She went from b
16、eing a daring 1960s-era Marxist guerrilla to a brainy, no-nonsense technocrat. Now Rousseff, whose only child, a daughter, is a lawyer, leads the worlds sixth-largest economy.And it is not hard to find young women,college-educated and climbing the ladder of success,who say they may do without childr
17、en.For instance, Elisangela Batista, 37, was a banker for 10 years and now does public relations work. “I have no intention of having children,“ Batista said,adding that most of her friends have one child or none. “My priority has been other things: to study, to work.“The aspirations of Brazilian wo
18、men are underlined by a report issued this month by the Center for Work-Life Policy, a think tank in New York. The report,“The Battle for Female Talent in Brazil,“ says that 59 percent of Brazilian women consider themselves “very ambitious“ and that 80 percent of college-educated women aspire to upp
19、er-echelon (高层级的) positions. U. S. women were far less likely to give those responses.The telenovela (浪漫电视肥皂剧) effectThe lives of Brazils career women are often reflected in the countrys elaborate soaps, or telenovelas, which numerous U.S.and Brazilian researchers say have been an important factor i
20、n the drop in Brazilian fertility. The protagonists (主角) may be perpetually anguished about.lost love, but they inhabit an appealing, affluent, highflying world, whose distinguishing features include the small family.“They are all young. They live well. They are comfortable. They are beautiful,“ sai
21、d Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, coordinator of the Center for the Study of the Telenovela in Sao Paulo. “Why do they need children?“In real life, Brazils career women tend to be like Priscila da Silva and her four partners at the restaurant. One of the partners has three children, but the othe
22、rs are more like Jaqueline Ramos. Her grandmother had 19 children,but Ramos, 24, said she may not have any.“It is too much work to have children,“ she said, busily chopping cilantro.（分数：70.00）(1).The Pires couple plan to have only one child because_.A. they want to have only one son B. they intend t
23、o lead a better lifeC. they want to raise their son better D. they intend to follow their grandmothers advice（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What happened in Latin America in recent decades?A. There are less prolific families than ever. B. Abortion has been made legal.C. Governments have issued plans for birth
24、 control. D. People insist on being single.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What has surprised the social scientists?A. The huge migration from the cities back to towns. B. The improved health condition of career women.C. The popularity of the soap operas among women. D. The fast changing social demographic sit
25、uation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does Joseph potters remark mean?A. Demographers dont understand why people want more children.B. People should think more sophisticatedly about fertility.C. People are more inclined to have fewer children than social scientists expect.D. Social scientists idea about
26、low fertility was wrong.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The demographers find that in Brazil the fertility rate_.A. has widened the gap between rich and poor B. is lower than any other countryC. is just enough for the replacement of the population D. fell evenly across the whole country（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The
27、 military dictatorship in the 1970s intended to_.A. empower the women in the countryside B. populate the remote areas of the countryC. adopt a policy on birth control D. lead Brazil into an agricultural era（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to Veronica, women today_.A. are happy raising their dogs B. ca
28、n do what they want to doC. still lack the power to change D. are the major forces of the country（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).The priorities of Elisangela Batista, the former banker, are_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The Center for Work-Life Policy issued a report highlighted Brazilian womens_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).T
29、he obvious feature presented in the world of the popular soap operas is the_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Tennis players often injure their backs. B. She hadnt heard about the mans problem,C. The man should have seen the doctor. D. Shell check
30、 the mans schedule as soon as possible,（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He already knew about the problem. B. Someone has started fixing the washing machine,C. No one complained about the washing machine today. D. Theres nothing wrong with the washing machine.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Go with her to the airpor
31、t. B. Talk to her for a short time.C. Find out when the plane is leaving. D. Make the phone call now.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He didnt show his paintings at the exhibit. B. He didnt see the paintings.C. He doesnt understand Teds art. D. The exhibit was caneeled.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Take the class
32、this semester. B. Get permission to take the class.C. Take the class over again. D. Register for the class next semester.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Put a little more pepper in the stew. B. Taste the stew to see if it needs pepper.C. Check the recipe to see if they followed it correctly. D. Serve the st
33、ew as it is.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Hell help Tina prepare for the meeting. B. Hes disappointed that hell have to miss the meetingC. He often works extra hours. D. Hes afraid the meeting wont end on time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The man will take the camera to be repaired. B. The woman will take a pi
34、cture of the man.C. The woman will show the man how to use the camera. D. The woman will borrow the mans camera.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. It can avoid misunderstandings. B. It can ensure a happy ending.C. It can promote fri
35、endship. D. It can settle differences.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It is boring. B. It is a waste of time.C. It is all about business. D. It should be kept brief.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To put up with it. B. To interrupt directly.C. To find an excuse to hang up. D. To ask to call back later.（分数：7.00）A.B.
36、C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. She cant stick to them. B. She doesnt like the diets.C. She cant break the old habits. D. She cant choose the right food.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She likes watching commercials. B. She likes eating snacks very m
37、uch.C. She prefers sitting around to exercising. D. She often does yoga to keep fit.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They are too deep-rooted to break. B. They can be cut out gradually.C. They pose threats to your health. D. They can make you irritable.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. She is short of time. B. She is
38、too old to do it.C. She becomes rather clumsy. D. She cant find a swimming pool.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. They entertain the crowd during matches. B. They often compete against each other.C. They score
39、 points in the sports games. D. They ask the crowd to support them.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It enjoys popularity among all people. B. It involves little physical activity.C. It has regulations to follow. D. It is a rather safe sport.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They dont view cheerleading as a sport. B. T
40、hey are not interested in cheerleading.C. They hold prejudice against women. D. They are in shortage of funds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Cheerleaders being viewed as entertainers. B. Cheerleaders being treated as competitors.C. Cheerleading being neglected. D. Athletes being despised.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Q
41、uestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He watched British films. B. He learned to speak English.C. He taught English in university. D. He received free training in films.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Philosopher. B. Movie maker.C. Documentary director. D. Film indu
42、stry manager.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Do research about film-making. B. Help students to get a degree.C. Make his own films. D.Work for Oxford University.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. It can put you into financial troubles. B. It is
43、the best way to maintain friendship.C. The texts can be understood even with letters missing. D. It is convenient but time-consuming.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He was addicted to text messaging. B. He refused to receive medical treatment.C. He had trouble with his computer work. D. He failed to learn w
44、ell at school.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He changed his work to world-travelling. B. He is the fastest texter in the world.C. He likes to do interviews on TV shows. D. He is in trouble for sending text messages.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)We all have tremendous potential. Each of us has
45、 the ability to put our unique human potential into action and to acquire a (36) result. But the one thing that determines the level of our potential, that produces the (37) of our activity, and that (38) the quality of the result we receive is our attitude.Attitude determines how much of the future
46、 we are allowed to see. It decides the size of our dreams and influences our (39) when we are faced with new challenges. No other person on earth has (40) over our attitude. People can affect our attitude by teaching us poor thinking habits or (41) misinforming us or providing us with negative sourc
47、es of influence, but no one can control our attitude unless we voluntarily (42) that control.If we care at all about ourselves,we must accept full responsibility for our own feelings. We must learn to (43) against those feelings that have the capacity to lead our attitude down the wrong path and (44
48、) .If we want to receive the rewards the future holds in trust for us, (45) . Our attitude is an asset and a treasure which must be protected accordingly. (46) （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Parents have struggled for years to encourage children to go to bed on time. In Scotland, however, all the families should be enjoying sweet dreams in the future,as pupils are to
