1、大学四级-1893 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.许多野生动物濒临灭绝2造成这种现象的原因3提出解决措Saving Wild Animals（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)A Virtual Revolution Is Brewing for CollegesStudents starting school this year may be part of the last generation for which “going to col
2、lege“ means packing up, getting a dorm room and listening to tenured (终身的) professors. Undergraduate education is on the verge of a radical reordering. Colleges, like newspapers, will be torn apart by new ways of sharing information enabled by the Internet. The business model that sustained private
3、U.S. colleges cannot survive.The real force for change is the market: Online classes are just cheaper to produce. Community colleges and for-profit education entrepreneurs are already experimenting with dorm-free, commute-free options. Distance-learning technology will keep improving. Innovators hav
4、e yet to tap the potential of the aggregator (信息汇集公司) to change the way students earn a degree,making the education business today look like the news business around 1999. And as major universities offer some core courses online,well see a cultural shift toward acceptance of what is still, in some c
5、ircles, a “University of Phoenix“ joke.This doesnt just mean a different way of learning: The funding of academic research, the culture of the academy and the institution of tenure are all threatened.Both newspapers and universities have traditionally relied on selling hard-to-come-by information. N
6、ewspapers arrange advertising space next to breaking news, but now that advertisers find their customers on Craigslist and Cars. corn, the main source of reporters pay is vanishing. Colleges also sell information, with a slightly different promise-a degree, a better job and access to brilliant minds
7、. As with newspapers, some of these features are now available elsewhere. A student can already access videotaped lectures, full courses and openly available syllabuses (课程大 纲) online. And in five or 10 years, the curious 18- (or 54-)year-old will be able to find dozens of quality online classes, co
8、mplete with take-it-yourself tests, a bulletin board populated by other “students“ , and links to free academic literature.But the demand for college isnt just about the yearning to learn-its also about the hope of getting a degree. Online qualifications cost a college less to provide. Schools dont
9、need to rent the space, and the excessive supply of doctoral students means they can employ them as instructors and pay a fraction of the salary for a tenured professor, and assume that they will rely on shared syllabuses. Those savings translate into cheaper tuition, and even before the recession,
10、there was substantial evidence of unmet demand for cheaper college degrees. Online degrees are already relatively inexpensive. And the price will only dive in coming decades,as more universities compete.You can already see significant innovation in online education at some community colleges and for
11、-profit institutions. The community colleges are working with limited resources to maximize their offerings through Internet aggregation. For-profit institutions appear to be capitalizing on the high demand for low-cost degrees and the fact that few public schools do much traditional marketing.These
12、 entrepreneurs are a little like the early online news sharers-bloggers, contributors to mailing lists and bulletin boards,profit seekers. Just as the new model of news separated “the article“ from “the newspaper“, the new model of college will separate “the class“ from “the college“. Classes are in
13、creasingly taken credit by credit, instead of in bulk-just as news is now read article by article.Taking the newspaper analogy (类比) one step further, college aggregators will be the center of the new school experience. In the world of news, the aggregators have taken over from the newspaper as the e
14、ntry point for news consumption. Already, half of college graduates attend more than one school before graduation. Soon youll see more Web sites that make it easy to take classes from a blend of different universities.Because the current college system, like the newspaper industry, has built-in redu
15、ndancies (冗余), new Internet efficiencies will lead to fewer researchers and professors. Every major paper once had a bureau in, say,Sarajevo-now, a few foreign correspondents pieces are used in dozens of papers. Similarly, at noon on any given day, hundreds of university professors are teaching intr
16、oductory Sociology 101. The Internet makes it harder to justify these redundancies. In the future, a handful of Soc. 101 lectures will be videotaped and taught across the United States.When this happens-be it in 10 years or 20-we will see a structural disintegration (分裂) in the academy akin to that
17、in newspapers now. The typical 2030 faculty will likely be a collection of assistants alone in their apartments, using recycled syllabuses and administering multiple-choice tests from afar.Not all colleges will be similarly affected. Like The New York Times, the elite schools play a unique role in o
18、ur society,and so they can probably persist with elements of their old revenue model longer than their lesser-known competitors. Schools with state funding will be as immune as their budgets. But within the next 40 years, the majority of brick-and-mortar universities will probably find partnerships
19、with other kinds of services,or close their doors.So how should we think about this? Students who would never have had access to great courses or minds are already able to find learning online that was unimaginable in the last century. But unless we make a strong commitment to even greater funding o
20、f higher education, the institutions that have allowed for academic freedom, group learning, urJpressured research and intellectual risk-taking are themselves at risk.If the mainstream of “college teaching“ becomes a set of underpaid adjuncts (附属品), well lose a precious academic tradition that is no
21、t easily replaced.（分数：70.00）(1).What is happening to American colleges?A. College students of the new generation are tired of living in a dorm.B. College administrations are thinking about rearranging professors lectures.C. College education is revolutionized by new ways of sharing information.D. Pr
22、ivate us colleges can no longer survive in the current recession.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the real force for change in us college education?A. Online courses are much less expensive to produce.B. Community colleges want to enroll more students.C. Current business models can not sustain private c
23、olleges.D. Students today are more willing to spend time indoors.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How are newspapers going as more advertisers are reaching customers online?A. They are looking for opportunities to cooperate with websites.B. They are losing the main source of paying reporters.C. The readers are
24、finding less advertisements on newspapers.D. They are promoting online versions to attract customers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What benefit can schools get from the excessive supply of doctoral students?A. More doctoral students can help attract more students.B. Doctoral students can be instructors with
25、a lower salary.C. More doctoral students means more tuition fees for colleges.D. Doctoral students will produce advanced courses for students.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).For-profit institutions are booming because_.A. there is a great demand for cheaper degrees B. many community colleges are closingC. they
26、 have more resources than traditional schools D. people go for further study during the recession（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What has the new model college learned from the new model of news?A. The new model of college allows students to get credits from different colleges.B. The new model of college provi
27、des students with online courses to save their time.C. The new model of college receives foreign students to diversify its student makeup.D. The new model of college offers online access to its most famous courses.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).How does the newspaper industry solve the redundancy problem in f
28、oreign bureaus?A. By using the Internet to boost efficiency. B. By cutting the employees in foreign bureaus.C. By collecting the news from the Internet. D. By sharing the reporters news.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).In the future,a lot of lectures will be taught across the United States in the form of_.（分数：7
29、.00）填空项 1:_(9).If they cannot find partnerships with other kinds of services, after decades the majority of universities will have to_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Higher education and institutions will be at risk without_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A.
30、 Wash fewer clothes at a time. B. Use a different washing machine.C. Use her washing machine instead. D. Wash his clothes by hand.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She should think more before talking. B. She is not serious about others point.C. She doesnt understand others point. D. She is preparing for her
31、role in a play.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The man should consider changing jobs. B. The style of the suit is out-of-date actually.C. The color of the suit is not appropriate. D. The man should buy the suit immediately.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. She understands it is rush hour. B. She wants to watch her si
32、ster play.C. She loves star soccer players. D. She isnt interested in soccer game at all.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Its time-consuming. B. Its easy to complete.C. Its extended for two weeks. D. Its required to be handwritten.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The man will easily find a place to live in.B. The man
33、 will find an apartment for free.C. The man will move out of the apartment after graduation.D. The man will take her apartment after her graduation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She plans to get her hair cut. B. She has just had her hair done.C. She works in a hair salon. D. She decides to keep her hair l
34、onger.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They get along with each other. B. They have a lot in common.C. They start fighting right away. D. They used to be good friends.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Job and promotion. B. Family and person
35、ality.C. Personality and success. D. Family and career.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Downhearted. B. Unambitious.C. Self-centered. D. Aggressive.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They quarrel with their brothers and sisters a lot. B. They fight for attention from their parents.C. They fight to have other children p
36、lay with them. D. They fight against jealousy and moodiness.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Charming and helping. B. Affectionate and moody.C. Relaxed and lazy. D. Manipulative and independent.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Light but sp
37、icy. B. Sour and sweet.C. Heavy and exciting. D. Simple but fresh.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She doesnt like to eat food quickly. B. She doesnt like the smell of raw onions.C. She cant sleep at night after taking it. D. She falls asleep easily after taking it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. His eating habits a
38、re unhealthy. B. He is excited with fast food.C. His lunch is very simple. D. He falls asleep easily at the desk after lunch.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Satisfy the demand of people like you. B. Meet the
39、 needs of diverse listeners.C. Make your material more interesting. D. Make your presentation powerful.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To expand facilities. B. To install a round clock.C. To offer retirees job opportunities. D. To replace old shelves.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. 24-hour access to Internet resour
40、ces. B. The librarys holdings of health and medical books.C. Free computer science instruction courses. D. A wild range of foreign-language hooks.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Offer to introduce free medications. B. Provide online reference to specialists.C. Offer to increase pension package. D. Provide o
41、nline medical databases.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Trying to enlarge the male market. B. Trying to produce more female characters.C. Trying to strengthen male characters. D. Trying to criticize some womens groups.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D
42、.(2).A. The characters look a lot like Barbie. B. The characters are extremely violent.C. The characters are often secondary within the games. D. The characters do not support the main character.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Promoting Lara Croft, heroine of the Tomb Raider.B. Offering game reviews, discus
43、sion forums and jobs.C. Providing positive role models of strong women.D. Helping women deal with violent and destructive games.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. She had no experience in making a speech. B. She didnt prepare well.C. She
44、 did not know what to say. D. She did not like to deliver speeches.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She was focusing on communicating with audience.B. She stared at an audience to divert her nervousness.C. She saw someone leave the class.D. She saw the audience interact with her.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. By ar
45、ranging a surprising topic. B. By designing a detailed introduction.C. By smiling to her audience during the speech. D. By combining her enthusiasm and preparation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Cultural backgrounds influence the degree to which people want to become closely connected w
46、ith other people outside their families. People from some cultures are looking for close, interdependent relationships. They value (36) to other people,and they want friendships in which there are (37) no limits to what the friends will do for each other.Americans cause immense (38) for foreigners b
47、y their (39) inability to become closely (40) with other people in the way the foreigners want and expect them to. Americans just dont know how to be friends,many people from other countries say. You never feel that you are free to call on them at any time or that they will help you no matter what.M
48、any Americans do have what they call close friends, with whom they discuss (41) personal concerns and to whom they feel special attachments and strong (42) . But such friendships are relatively few in number. Much more numerous are relationships with people who might more (43) be called acquaintance
49、s than friends. (44) . Americans are likely to use the term friend to cover a wide range of types of relationships,much to the confusion of visitors from abroad.(45) . Another person might be a roommate, classmate, neighbor, colleague from work, weekend boater, or teacher. Certain behaviors are expected of people in each of those roles. All is well among Americans (46) in which they find themselv
