1、大学四级-1891 及答案解析(总分：357.40，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.我国教育一直采用应试教育2. 是否继续应试教育，人们看法不同3.我认为.On the Education for Examination（分数：1.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fantasy Flight: Chiaki Mukai, Japans First Female AstronautRaised by a working mother in Gunma Prefecture, a place kno
2、wn for dry winds and tough women, Chiaki Mukai decided she wanted to become a doctor while she was still in elementary school. At 32, she was a cardiovascular(心血管的)surgeon and chief resident at the Keio Hospital in Tokyo. Then she saw the newspaper ad that changed her life.The beginning of a dreamTh
3、e National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) was looking for astronauts. What really shocked Chiaki, as she prefers to be known, was that there were no gender restrictions.She suffered for three days. Weightlessness has much to offer scientific research, she thought. If I dont try, Ill regre
4、t it for the rest of my life.“I had no idea what to expect,“ Chiaki said, giving one of her trademark smiles. “But I started two training programs the day I sent in my application. First, I started learning English. Then I began working out with weights.“Her English study program was entirely self-c
5、onstructed. She made English labels for everything in the house. “I wanted it to seem like I was living in an English-speaking country,“ she explained. She answered the phone in English. She read English-language books. In August 1985, NASDA chose three payload specialists for the 1992 Spacelab-J la
6、unch Mamoru Mohri, Takao Doi, and Chiaki Mukai. Chiakis journey to the stars had begun.The journey to space“You can never give up,“ Chiaki says. “The life of Marie Curie taught me that. I read time and again how she struggled with her home, her children, and her scientific dream. And she achieved he
7、r goals even though it cost her life.“My mother is the same kind of woman. She didnt want to depend on someone else for her livelihood, so she opened a haberdashery(男子服饰用品店)in our hometown. She still runs it.“Chiakis mother didnt blink an eye when her daughter told her of being chosen as an astronau
8、t. “You never know what lifes going to deal you,“ she said to Chiaki. “So you must do what you really want to.“Once she started her training for space, Chiefs roster(名单)of heroes grew longer. “Yuri Gagarin was the pioneer,“ she said. “I have immense respect for him. And Nell Armstrong it was really
9、great, what he did. That must have been a fantastic voyage. But then all the people I worked with at NASA and NASDA are heroes in their own way. So how do I choose?Chiaki gestured at the bustle(喧嚣)of Tokyo outside the window. “From here, we cant see very much. But from 300 miles up, you realize how
10、small the earth is. But you know what I first learned in Orlando, Florida at Disneyworld.“ Which brings Chiaki to another of her heroes: Walt Disney. Like Chiaki, he was a dreamer. And he shared his dreams of fantastic worlds with others. She is fascinated by the way his movies, gentle and natural,
11、teach us about humanity.“Disney, and science fiction writers like Arthur C. Clarke, realized the Earth is just a small planet without having to go into space. Their accomplishment is much greater in a way than ours. We saw with our eyes. They saw with their minds eyes.“The first Japanese astronaut t
12、o fly an American space shuttle was Mamoru Mohri, who went as payload specialist on the Spacelab-J, a flight funded largely by Japan. Chiaki and Takao Doi backed him up.After Mohris flight touched down, Chiaki journeyed back to Japan to begin work in the microgravity lab at Tsukuba. But word soon ca
13、me that she had been chosen as payload specialist for the International Microgravity Laboratory-2 (IML-2), so she returned to take up the training where shed paused.“Mohri was chosen to fly the Japanese-funded space shuttle, so there was never any doubt that hed go. But the IML-2 was an internationa
14、l flight. NASA didnt have to choose me. And there were half-a- dozen well-qualified alternatives who could have gone in my place. The pressure is tremendous. Chiaki says she had a hard time understanding jokes told in southern accents. “Flying is fine. Acronyms(首字母缩拼词) are easy to learn, so you dont
15、 even have to speak in sentences. But jokes. Whew! Or tales about family. Any time the subject strayed from work, I was in trouble. In preparation for her flight, Chiaki took more than a thousand of the training flights that give passengers twenty seconds of weightlessness. “Twenty seconds is nothin
16、g like the real thing,“ Chiaki says ruefully. “No matter how many times you do it.“ The dream came trueOn 8 July 1994, a quarter of a century after Neff Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the surface of the moon, the IML-2 mission blasted off. Soon the shuttle Columbia was in orbit, and Chiakis wor
17、k began. Before the shuttle touched down two weeks later, she had appeared on childrens television, played midwife(接生婆)to a brood of newts(蝾螈), used her own body to record the effects of weightlessness on human beings 82 experiments in all.“Way out there, looking down at the curvature of the earth,
18、I couldnt help thinking what a small world this is. Compared to all of outer space, Earth is like one tiny plankton (浮游生物) swimming in a vast ocean. Yet look at the power of mankind. Look where we are, 300 miles above the surface. Were so very fragile, yet so very strong.“Back on earth, I made an as
19、tounding discovery. When you let go of things, they drop! I was constantly reminded of Earths tremendous pull. For nearly three days after touchdown, every step reminded me of gravity. Every move I made was a tussle with weight. Yet after three days, my body adjusted. Isnt that marvelous?“ While sci
20、entists continue to research the many implications of weightlessness, Chiaki envisions great medical benefits from microgravitational situations. Rehabilitation (康复)would make tremendous strides, she maintains. “People with handicaps in full gravity might not have them in zero gravity conditions. Th
21、ey could practice movements at zero, 0.25 G, 0.5G, and so on until they were competent at normal gravity. “To understand the functions of the eye, we remove all light, Chiaki explains. To understand the functions of the ear, we remove all sound, and work from there. So she says that removing the wei
22、ght of gravity will bring mankind new understanding of how the human body works.The impossible dreamCervantes is another Chiaki hero, or perhaps we should say Don Quixote. “I love Man of La Mancha. I cry every time I see it.“ She hums: “To dream the impossible dream “I like the way they translated t
23、hat song into Japanese,“ she says. “Instead of impossible dream, it comes out unreachable dream and means that as soon as you have fulfilled one dream, another even more vivid dream forms.“She stands in her grey-green double-breasted suit and thrusts out a hand. Her grasp is firm, like her vision. W
24、ith a smile, she strides away. Back to her laboratory in Tsukuba. Where shell work regular 12- hour days., reaching for the stars.（分数：10.00）(1).Raised by a working mother, Chiaki Mukai dreamed of becoming an astronaut when she was still a child.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Chiaki Mukai was surprised to learn
25、 that women could also apply for the position of an astronaut.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Chiaki Mukais mother was against her daughters choice because she thought that being an astronaut was dangerous.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Chiaki Mukai was the first Japanese astronaut to fly a space shuttle.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
26、5).Chiaki Mukai was chosen by NASA because she was female and warm-hearted.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Seen from the outer space, the earth is much smaller than the other planets or stars.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).After returning from her flight, Chiaki Mukai had difficulty in adjusting to the gravity on the eart
27、h.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Being in a situation of weightlessness will help mankind further understand _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Chiaki Mukai, the impossible dream or unreachable dream means once one has realized one dream, _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).To Chiaki Mukai, her next dream may be _.（分数：1.00
28、）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：5，分数：105.00)Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. It is boring to do different kinds of exercise.B. It is quite necessary for the sake of health.C. It is totally confused to choose the right on
29、e.D. It is hard to follow the experts suggestion.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because his arms are too fat.B. Because his muscles are not firm enough.C. Because it is an ideal way to keep physically fit.D. Because the advice is put forward by the experts.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To practice more arm exerc
30、ises.B. To make up for the shortage of leg exercises.C. To involve more parts of the body into the exercises.D. To lose weight before taking arm exercises or leg exercises.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Walking far on foot. B. Cycling with special bicycles.C. Taking Yoga courses. D. Long-distance running.（
31、分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. At a library. B. In a college bookstore.C. At a news-stand. D. At a department store.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Teacher and student. B. Landowner and tenant.C. Manager and employee. D. Travel agent and customer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Move the washing machine to the basement. B.
32、Turn the basement into a workshop.C. Repair the washing machine. D. Finish her assignment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. To make an appointment. B. To ask for an interview.C. To promote advertisements. D. To have a negotiation.（
33、分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Impatient but then reluctant. B. Indifferent but then interested.C. Convinced but then reluctant. D. Accepted but then impatient.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Some customers have got their payment back because theyre not satisfie4B. The company will redo the products again and again
34、 until the customers are satisfied.C. The company does not sign a contract with its customers concerning its service.D. The man will use the companys service when he has a new product.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.A. She regretted having bought the second-hand car. B. It is unnecessary to rent another house. C
35、. They should sell their second-hand car and buy a new one.D. They can afford a second-hand car.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. She hasnt seen her friend for years. B. She worries about her friends health.C. She worries her daugh
36、ters health. D. She worries about her daughters study（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She only focuses on fashion and boys. B. She only focuses on her study.C. She only focuses on her father. D. She only focuses on her mother.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Taught her English herself. B. Went to talk with her teache
37、r.C. Signed up for a language training class for her. D. Talked with her friend.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Talk with her teacher. B. Talk with her friend.C. Talk with her classmates. D. Talk with her father.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passa
38、ge you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. They think they should follow the current trend.B. Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C. They have jobs and other commitments.D. Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They dont want to use up all their life savings.B.
39、 They would like to spend more time with them.C. They fear they will regret it afterwards.D. They dont want to see their husbands poorly treated.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Provide professional standard care.B. Be frank and seek help from others.C. Be affectionate and cooperative.D. Make full use of com
40、munity facilities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Two to four times.B. Four to six times.C. Four to eight times.D. Six to ten times.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.B. People had more dreams
41、 after they took sleeping pills.C. People became angry easily because they didnt take sleeping pills.D. Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. People dream so as to sleep better.B. People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.C. Because they may run into
42、difficult problems in their dreams.D. Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. In 1848. B. In 1846. C. In 1884.D. In 1849.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. 8,000 people. B. 10,000 peopl
43、e. C. 80,000 people.D. 100,000 people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. From the western United States. B. From all parts of the country. C. From only the east coast of the American Continent.D. From San Francisco Bay.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Because many settlements were abandoned. B. Because there were many
44、gold-hungry sailors. C. Because private gold could not be protected by law.D. Because everybody raced for California.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：11.00)Life in the twentieth century demands (36) . Today, all (37) in a country must have adequate (38) to prepare them for their work as well as
45、 for their (39) as citizens. With this in mind, national leaders everywhere are placing more (40) on the (41) of the young. In the United States, government (42) , parents and teachers are working hard to give the children-tomorrows (43) makersthe best preparation available.There is no school policy
46、 in the United States. (44) Public schools in all states are supported by taxes paid by the citizens of the individual state. In most states the children are required to attend school until they reach the age of six.When they become six years old, (45) . After six years in elementary school, they go
47、 into junior high school and remain there for three years. (46) .（分数：11.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For more than six centuries before 1868, Japan was a feudal society (47) (for much of
48、that period) from contact with foreign countries. Feudal influence as well as that of Buddhism(佛都) and Confucianism (儒教) gave women low (48) in the family and gave them almost no role in running society. The year 1868 (49) the end of the feudal era. Thereafter Japan entered a period of rapid modernization. But despite fundamental changes in many areas of Japanese life until
