1、大学四级-1879 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write
2、at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).A. A police officer and a bank manager.B. A police officer and an eyewitness to a robbery.C. A bank manager and a customer.D. A policeman a
3、nd a robber.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The woman is not surprise to see the man.B. The womans sister doesnt know the man at all.C. The woman suggests that the man go on a diet.D. The man was very fat before.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Write a better article for the class.B. Read more than one article.C. Re
4、ad the book more thoroughly.D. Read the theories only.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To sell his car for a new one.B. To keep his old car and get a new one.C. To leave it in the garage to be repaired.D. To ask the mechanic to repair it later.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5).A. He doesnt like music at all.B. He is not
5、a music fan.C. Jazz is his favorite kind of music.D. He doesnt really like Jazz.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. 14 yuan.B. 17 yuan.C. 20 yuan.D. 23 yuan.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Call Donna to meet her for lunch.B. Meet Donna in the hall after lunch.C. Tell Donna at lunch about the meeting.D. Ask Donna to com
6、e to the meeting before lunch.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The woman should get some sleep.B. He thinks the woman is joking.C. The woman is wise to sit up studying.D. The woman should have her eyes examined.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The cafeteria food was awful.B. He got a great headache.C. He lost his mea
7、l tickets.D. He cant figure out where the meal tickets are.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because he missed his favorite program.B. Because he was so bored.C. Because he cant forget the unhappy things.D. Because he wasted his time.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Part of the brain is not used at all.B. It processes
8、 complex information less actively.C. It takes longer to process visual information.D. Part of the brain requires more nutrition.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Most people agree on signing a premarital agreement.B. Most people disagree on signing a premarital agreement.C. Premarital agreements are very com
9、mon in Asia.D. People are divided in their opinions towards the premarital agreement.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It represents a kind of high rationality.B. It is a way to divide wealth.C. It is a way to guarantee love.D. It may help avoid divorce.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Helping women resolve marriage d
10、ispute.B. Receiving many complaints related to divorce.C. Supporting legally certifying ownership of wealth before getting married.D. Encourage women to get divorced.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. It is too materialistic.B. It provides guarantee to marriage.C. It increases the financial disputes.D. It is a
11、 lack of trust and commitment.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. The medicinal effects of cola.B. The history of cola.C. A recipe for a soft drink.D. Soft-drink production.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He was a drugstore clerk.B. He developed the cola syrup.C. H
12、e sold cola to doctors.D. He suffered from severe headaches.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. By mixing it with special ingredients.B. By heating it before drinking.C. By adding soda water.D. By combining it with different flavors.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. By collecting taxes.B. By
13、taking public services.C. By providing needed services.D. By making people pay for private bills.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Nobody would take care of the city.B. There would be no schools.C. More people would begin to commit crimes.D. All of the above.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Administration.B. Education
14、.C. Public security.D. Transportation.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(1).A. They need to cover most of the expenses.B. They are available all year-round.C. They are often filled by tourists.D. They often involve a great deal of physical labor.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Only at East Coa
15、st resorts.B. Only in nearby municipal parks.C. In any country they choose.D. Throughout the United States.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. One year of experience in land management.B. The willingness to do physical labor.C. A high school diploma and minimum age of 18 years.D. The commitment to work ten to t
16、welve months out of the year.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. By calling the Bureau of Land Management.B. By going to a local post office.C. By connecting a local National Park Service branch office.D. By writing to the Student Conservation Association.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)It is clear
17、that some chemicals can damage the health of animals and humans. However, this is not the only problem that (26) the careless use of chemicals. Chemicals can also disturb the ecological balance of the environment. If the ecological balance is disturbed, the (27) can be extremely serious.The history
18、of DDT (28) the problem. DDT, a chemical which kills insects, at first seemed to be a perfect answer to many problems. It would control insects that made billions of dollars of damage to crops every year. Farmers in many countries began to (29) DDT on their crops as governments permitted and encoura
19、ged its use. The (30) were good: damage to crops went down and profits went up. However, the chemical had effects which the scientists (31) First, it also killed insect which were the natural enemies of the harmful insects and which were therefore (32) to farmers. Second, and perhaps worse, DDT did
20、not kill every harmful insect. A few insects had natural (33) to the chemical. They survived and (34) . In a few years there were large numbers of insects which were not affected by DDT, and there were fewer insects which could act as natural controls on those new “super-insects“. Finally, it became
21、 clear that DDT was not solving the insect problem. In fact, it was making the problem worse. It then became necessary to find (35) for the effects of the first.（分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.
22、50)Excitement, fatigue, and anxiety can all be detected from someones blinks, according to psychologist John Stern at Washington University in St. Louis. Stern (36) in the study on these tiny twitches, using them as sensitive (37) of how the brain works. “I use blinks as a psychological measure to m
23、ake (38) about thinking because I have very little (39) in what you tell me about what you are thinking.“ He says. “If I ask you the question, what does the phrase a rolling stone gathers no moss mean? you cant tell me (40) youve started looking for the answer. But I can, by watching your eyes. “Bli
24、nks also tell Stern when you have understood his questionoften long before hes finished asking it and when youve found an answer. “We blink at (41) that are psychologically important.“ He says. “You have listened to a question, you understand it, now you can take time out for a blink. Blinks are (42
25、) marks. Their timing is tied to what is going on in your head.“ Stern has found that subjects suppress blinks anticipating (43) but not when theyre reciting it. “You dont blink,“ he says, “until you have (44) the information to some short-term memory store.“ The more important the information that
26、people are taking in, the more (45) they are to put their blinks on hold for themselves.A. pursuitsB. doubtC. likelyD. punctuationE. whenF. specializedG. committedH. inferencesI. probesJ. timesK. absorbedL. faithM. evaluationN. howO. information（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
27、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Where Have All the People Gone?A Germans are getting used to a new kind of immigrant. In 1998, a pack of wolves crossed the Neisse River on the Polish-German border. In the empty landscape of eastern Saxony, dotted with abandoned mines and declini
28、ng villages, the wolves found plenty of deer and few humans. Five years later, a second pack split from the original, so therere now two families of wolves in the region. A hundred years ago, a growing land-hungry population killed off the last of Germanys wolves. Today, its the local humans whose n
29、umbers are under threat.B Villages are empty, thanks to the regions low birth rate and rural flight. Home to 22 of the worlds 25 lowest fertility rate countries, Europe will lose 30 million people by 2030, even with continued immigration. The biggest population decline will hit rural Europe. As Ital
30、ians, Spaniards, Germans and others produce barely three-fifths of children needed to maintain status quo, and as rural flight sucks people Europes suburbs and cities, the countryside will lose a quarter of its population.C The implications of this demographic (人口的) change will be far-reaching. The
31、postcard view of Europe is of a continent where every scrap of land has long been farmed, fenced off and settled. But the continent of the future may look rather different. Big parts of Europe will ren-aturalize. Bears are back in Austria. In Swiss Alpine valleys, farms have been receding and forest
32、s are growing back. In parts of France and Germany, wildcats and wolves have re-established their ranges. The shrub and forest that grow on abandoned land might be good for deer and wolves, but is vastly less species-rich than traditional farming, with its pastures, ponds and hedges. Once shrub cove
33、r everything, you lose the meadow habitat. All the flowers, herbs, birds, and butterflies disappear. A new forest doesnt get diverse until a couple of hundred years old.D All this is not necessarily an environmentalists dream it might seem. Take the Greek village of Prastos. An ancient hill town, Pr
34、astos once had 1000 residents, most of them working the land. Now only a dozen left, most in their 60s and 70s. The school has been closed since 1988. Sunday church bells no longer ring. Without farmers to tend the fields, rain has washed away the once fertile soil. As in much of Greece, land that h
35、as been orchards and pasture for some 2000 years is now covered with dry shrub that, in summer, frequently catches fire.E Rural depopulation is not new. Thousands of villages like Prastos dot Europe, the result of a century or more of emigration, industrialization, and agricultural mechanization. Bu
36、t this time its different because never has the rural birth rate so low. In the past, a farmer could usually find at least one of his offspring to take over the land. Today, the chances are that he has only a single son or daughter, usually working in the city and rarely willing to return. In Italy,
37、 more than 40% of the countrys 1.9 million farmers are at least 65 years old. Once they die out, many of their farms will join the 6 million hectaresone third of Italys farmlandthat has already been abandoned.F Rising economic pressures, especially from reduced government subsidies, will amplify the
38、 trend. One third of Europes farmland is marginal, from the cold northern plains to the dry Mediterranean (地中海) hills. Most of these farmers rely on EU subsidies, since its cheaper to import food from abroad. Without subsidies, some of the most scenic European landscapes wouldnt survive. In the Aust
39、rian or Swiss Alps, defined for centuries by orchards, cows, high mountain pastures, the steep valleys are labor-intensive to farm, with subsidies paying up to 90% of the cost. Across the border in France and Italy, subsidies have been reduced for mountain farming. Since then, across the southern Al
40、ps, villages have emptied and forests have grown back in. outside the range of subsidies, in Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine, big tracts of land are returning to wild.G The truth is varied and interesting. While many rural regions of Europe are emptying out, others will experience something of a renai
41、ssance. Already, attractive areas within in striking distance of prosperous cities are seeing robust revivals, driven by urban flight and an in-flooding of childless retirees. Contrast that with less-favored areas, from the Spanish interior to eastern Europe. These face dying villages, abandoned far
42、ms and changes in the land not seen for generations. Both types of regions will have to cope with steeply ageing population and its accompanying health and service needs. Rural Europe is the laboratory of demographic changes.H For governments, the challenge has been to develop policies that slow the
43、 demographic decline or attract new residents. In some places such as Britain and France, large parts of countryside are reviving as increasingly wealthy urban middle class in search of second homes recolonises villages and farms. Villages in central Italy are counting on tourism to revive their tow
44、n, turning farmhouses into hostels for tourists and hikers. But once baby boomers start dying out around 2020, populations will start to decline so sharply that there simply wont be enough people to reinvent itself. Its simply unclear how long current government policies can put off the inevitable.I
45、 “We are now talking about civilized depopulation. We just have to make sure that old people we leave behind are taken care of.“ Says Mats Johansson of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The biggest challenge is finding creative ways to keep up services for the rising proportion of seniors.
46、 When the Austrian village of Klaus, thinly spread over the Alpine foothills, decided it could no longer afford a regular public bus service, the community set up a public taxi-on-demand service for the aged. In thinly populated Lapland where doctors are few and far between, tech-savvy Finns the ris
47、ing demand for specialized health care with a service that uses videoconferencing and the Internet for remote medical examination.J Another pioneer is the village of Aguaviva, one of rapidly depopulating areas in Spain. In 2000, Mayor Manznanares began offering free air-fares and housing for foreign
48、 families to settle in Aguvivia. Now the mud-brown town of about 600 has 130 Argentine and Romanian immigrants, and the towns only school has 54 pupils. Immigration was one solution to the problem. But most foreign immigrants continue to prefer cities. And within Europe migration only exports the problem. Western European look towards eastern Europe as a source for migrants, yet those countries have ultra-l
