1、大学四级-1855 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. If you are Peter, a student of an international school, you make a survey about the career ideal. You should start your essay with a brief description of the
2、 result of the survey and then express your views on job hunting. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).A. He couldnt find Professor Smiths classroom.B. Profess
3、or Smith speaks too slowly.C. He didnt understand Professor Smiths lecture.D. Professor Smith kept the class late.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Get the concert tickets. B. Call Jane about the tickets.C. Finish his paper. D. Go to the concert.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Someone already borrowed her newspaper.B
4、. Shell get the newspaper back from the man later.C. She cant lend the man the newspaper.D. She hasnt had time to read the newspaper yet.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. She is likely to get lost at the bus station.B. He may be able to identify her.C. He is an old friend of hers.D. He has already picked her
5、up at the bus station.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She doesnt understand what the man wants.B. She forgot to order the flounder.C. She made a mistake with the mans order.D. Shell eat the crab cakes instead.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. He decided to attend extra history classes.B. He hopes to meet the woman at
6、 the student center.C. He was too sick to work on his paper.D. Hes been busy working on his paper.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Give the woman a ride home. B. Borrow the womans car to get home.C. Take a different way home. D. Share the expense of the drive home.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Pick up the man at 1
7、:00. B. Meet her friends at the restaurant.C. Make lunch for the man. D. Do her errands after lunch.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Collecting objects on the beach. B. Creating computer models.C. Mapping currents in the ocean. D. Tracking water pollution.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. An interesting piece of wood.
8、 B. An old shoe.C. A message inside a bottle. D. An unusual shell.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Chemicals. B. Bottles.C. Athletic shoes. D. Model boats.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Writing papers for his classes.B. Meeting with his professors.C. Doing extra work in the chemistry lab.D. Working overtime as a li
9、brarian.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Spend more time in the library. B. Write just one paper for all his classes.C. Drop one of his courses. D. Do his research on closely related topics,（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She once wrote about it. B. She thinks the man should write about it.C. Shes been studying it r
10、ecently. D. She particularly likes Romantic poetry.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. She knows hes very busy.B. Hes already helped her enough.C. He doesnt know enough chemistry.D. She doesnt need any help.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. One may be doing something
11、 quite difficult.B. One may be doing something quite risky.C. One may be doing something quite annoying.D. One may be doing something impossible.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. You will not persuade him.B. You are getting nowhere with him.C. You cannot sell your ice to him.D. You should not Waste time cutti
12、ng ice with him.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The game is on ice. B. Skating on thin ice.C. To cut no ice. D. To break the ice.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. To inform visitors of the parks history.B. To provide an overview of the parks main attractions.C. To show visitors remote pla
13、ces in the park.D. To teach visitors how best to photograph wildlife.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Its easy to get lost.B. It requires enormous strength.C. Its a good group activity.D. People shouldnt do it in the winter.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. There are fewer tourists. B. The entrance fees are lower.C. T
14、he animals are more active. D. There are fewer insects.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(1).A. represented a serious question as to the need for the statueB. was a put-on by a journalistC. raised a great deal of moneyD. poked fun at the French（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. 11 years. B. 16 ye
15、ars. C. 26 years. D. 21 years.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. design of its baseB. design of its stressed sheathingC. locating the statue without disrupting harbor trafficD. keeping the flame lit（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. they took so long to raise the moneyB. it was apparent the statue was misallocatedC. its
16、design was tastelessD. they felt that the concept was a waste of money（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The human body is a remarkable food processor. As an adult, you may consume (26) a ton of food per year and still not gain or lose a pound of body weight. You are (27) harnessing and con
17、suming energy through the intricate (28) of your body in order to remain in energy balance. To (29) a given body weight, your energy input must balance your energy output. However, sometimes the (30) energy balance is upset, and your (31) body weight will either fall or (32) .The term body image ref
18、ers to the mental image we have of our own physical appearance, and it can be (33) a variety of factors, including how much we weigh or how that weight is distributed. Research has revealed that about 40 percent of adult men and 55 percent of adult women are dissatisfied with their current body weig
19、ht. Similar findings have also been reported at the high school level, mainly with (34) . At the college level, a study found that 85 percent of both male and female first-year students desired to change their body weight. The primary cause of this concern is the value that American society (35) ass
20、igns to physical appearance. Thinness is currently an attribute that females desire highly. Males generally desire muscularity. The vast majority of individuals who want to change their body weight do it for the sake of appearance; most want to lose excess body fat, while a smaller percentage of ind
21、ividuals actually want to gain weight.（分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)I didnt have a chemistry set as a kid. Instead, my Dad and I searched the shed for glass jars and filled them with varyi
22、ng (36) of water to make our own musical instrument. For me it was the start of a lifelong (37) for scienceyet I didnt go on to become a scientist. I was a (38) fan of painting and writing at school, so I saw myself as an artist. I excluded myself from science because I didnt think you could do both
23、.We need scientists more than ever, not least to work out how to (39) the effects of climate change. Yet like me, many children who (40) show an interest in science are rejecting the subject at school. Why is this and what can we do about it? I believe that children are natural-born scientists. They
24、 have enquiring minds and they arent (41) to admit that they dont know something. If you think about the spirit of sciencedeciding what you want to find out, setting out how youre going to discover it, then carrying out the experiment and coming to a (42) thats how kids work. Unfortunately, most of
25、us lose this as we get (43) . Instead of finding things out for ourselves we make (44) that often turn out to be wrong.So its not a case of getting kids interested in science. You just have to find a way to (45) killing the passion for learning what they were born with.A. older I. amountsB. passion
26、J. finallyC. illusions K. massiveD. stronger L. eagerE. assumptions M. tackleF. afraid N. initiallyG. avoid O. understandingH. conclusion（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)New Finding Puts Origins of Dogs in Middle EastA. Borro
27、wing methods developed to study the genetics of human disease, researchers have concluded that dogs were probably first domesticated (驯养) from wolves somewhere in the Middle East, in contrast to an earlier survey suggesting dogs originated in East Asia. This finding puts the first known domesticatio
28、nthat of dogsin the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago. A Middle Eastern origin for the dog also fits in better with the archaeologica
29、l evidence, and has enabled geneticists (遗传学家) to reconstruct the entire history of the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by Victorian dog lovers of many of todays breeds.B. A research team led by Bridgett M. Vonholdt and Robert
30、 K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog genes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was where wolf and dog genes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap
31、 between East Asian wolves and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genes, the researchers conclude in Thursdays issue of the journal Nature.C. The archaeological
32、evidence supports this idea, since some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago. Humans lived as roaming hunters and gather
33、ers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began following hunter-gatherer bands to feed on the wounded prey, animals bodies or other rubbish. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and
34、may in return have provided a warning system. Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years ago, people began engaging in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first dogs. One of the features they se
35、lected was small size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. “I think a long history such as that would explain how a large animal, which can eat you, eventually, became stably part in human society,“ Dr. Wayne said.D. The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne f
36、rom wolf packs around the world. A colleague, Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of cells from inside the cheek. The dog genes has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., have sequenced the bo
37、xers genes, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodles genes.E. With these two genes in hand, the Broad Institute designed a dog SNP chip, similar to those used to inspect the human for genetic disease. SNPs, are sites of common variation along the DNA. Affymetrix, a SNP
38、chip maker, manufactured the dog SNP chip for Dr. Waynes team, letting him have 1,000 chips free, though from now on they cost $250 a piece. The dog SNP chip brought to light the close relationship between dogs and wolves in the Middle East and also the genetic relationship between various breeds.F.
39、 Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that all the herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds, making a perfect match between dogs various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. “I thought there would be many ways to build a herding dog and that theyd come from all over the tree,
40、 but there are not,“ Dr. Wayne said.G. His team has also used the dog SNP chip to scan for genes that show marks of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes abnormal tendency of living in groups. Another two selected
41、genes are involved in memory. “Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could have something to do with this faculty,“ Dr. Wayne said.H. An earlier survey of dog origins, based on a small genetic element known as mitochondrial (线粒体的) DNA, concluded th
42、at dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of the Yangtze
43、, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. “Also archaeologists in China have been less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains,“ he said.I. Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Driscoll and Stephen OBrien, of the National Cancer Institute, said they believed th
44、at Dr. Waynes team had made a convincing case. “I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,“ Dr. OBrien said in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop. Dog domestication and human settlement occurred at the same time, some 1
45、5,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter-gatherers settle without fear of surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle,
46、and so could have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. “Notions of inheritance and ownership,“ Dr. Driscoll said, “may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate
47、human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth./（分数：71.00）(1).Because it may has something with genes involving in memory, dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(2).According to Dr. Driscoll, the notions of inheritance and ownership may
48、 be prompted by the pervasion of the dogs in Humans life.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(3).The dog SNP chip brought to light the genetic relationship between various breeds and the close relationship between dogs and wolves.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(4).Peter Savolainen was not convinced by the new report because it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of the Yangtze which is very
