1、大学四级-1852 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should University Encourage Students to Donate Blood for Academic Credits? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below
2、.1一些大学通过加分制度来鼓励学生献血2这种制度的利弊3在我看来Should University Encourage Students to Donate Blood for Academic Credits?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Mental Health Staffing Shortagesa Real HeadacheMental health has come out of the shadows, creating bright new job opportunities in an industry wor
3、king hard to attract and retain fresh recruits.“Since 1999, the mental health project has been exploring best practices in workforce development,“ explains Brian Keefer, program manager with the California Mental Health Planning Council, Human Resources Project. “The purpose is to expand the capacit
4、y and diversity of the public mental-health force in order to provide recovery-based practices. “The council provides assistance to individuals with serious mental illness and children with emotional disturbances.“The mental health community is short of professional workers,“ he reports, “and there
5、are many entry points into this diverse field. You could begin as a volunteer and then as an outreach (外展) worker. This is someone who is hired with a certificate in human services or case management. “School Graduate a MustKeefer advises anyone thinking of working in the mental health industry to b
6、ecome licensed. Students can earn undergraduate degrees in a variety of courses, but they should really hone (磨练) in on graduate school. Licensing is generally attained three years after completion of a bachelors degree.The reason for licensing is a matter of dollars and job opportunities. Licensing
7、 is required by insurance companies to approve treatment costs.“There are opportunities for non-licensed mental health workers,“ Keefer reports, “but the majority of demand is for licensed and certified staff. “Salaries reflect the disparity (差距): Entry-level jobs for non-licensed mental health work
8、ers range from $ 25,000 to $ 35, 000 a year, while licensed professionals can earn as much as $ 75, 000 annually.“In comparison, people that work in summer recreational camps make $ 40, 000 a year,“ he points out. “In fact, a manager at a national fast-food chain makes the same as an entry-level cas
9、e manager.“However, most people dont go into mental health work to make a lot of money. Most have had a personal connection with the work, and that experience touched their life in some way and compelled them to pursue a career in the field. “Rusty Selix, executive director of the Mental Health Asso
10、ciation in California, sees tremendous shortages in the mental health field for two reasons.First, there is a new public recognition of the importance and widespread need for mental health services. “People from all social levels are seeking help,“ he contends. “Those in the prison system need speci
11、al attention because many professionals believe mental illness is to blame for much of their behavior.“Secondly, the interest in exploring that care has not drawn an increased number of people to the field.The top four professions in the mental health field are child psychiatrists (精神病学家), adult and
12、 child psychologists, marriage and family therapists, and substance abuse services.Supply Shy of DemandAll levels of professional care, from public and private facilities to prisons and the welfare system, are competing for qualified personnel. With shortages everywhere, all areas have a surplus of
13、opportunities. Selix advises job seekers to explore marriage and family counseling, social work, psychiatry or bachelor-level work in counseling and nursing. All are related but very different in scope. Of course, shortages are the greatest in fields where more education is required.“Mental health w
14、ork is not the highest paying field, but its among the most satisfying,“ he contends. “People dont retire; they work late because they enjoy what they are doinghelping another human being to overcome a problem. “If candidates are willing to work in the public community stage of mental health, there
15、are allowance programs available from colleges and universities.“I would encourage passionate people to go for it because of the amount of job choices available,“ he declares. “Its a growing field and the demand for staff is much larger than the current supply. “Nancy Kincald, spokeswoman for the Ca
16、lifornia Department of Mental Health agrees. “Were always recruiting qualified people,“ she reports. “But I dont think that is exclusive to mental health; all trades including nursing and law enforcement are having difficulties. Seventy-six million baby boomers are marching toward retirement and tha
17、t is a huge wave of the workforce to replace. “Generations ApartIts been more difficult to recruit into the social services, she adds, because a generation of young people believes the push is toward college and a future that is more financially secure.“This philosophy is so different from the 1960s
18、,“ she observes. “Young people were motivated to help others because of President Kennedy and the Peace Corps and other philosophies. But thats not in the middle of todays radar screen.“I think young people today want to carry a briefcase and work for Google. “However, for those looking for a meanin
19、gful career in the mental health field, there is a fast track to a good paying job without years of schooling. The Mental Health Department has been working closely with community colleges to bring people into the system.Cuesta College, for example, offers a psychiatric technical program where stude
20、nts attend classroom instruction and gain hands-on experience at the Atascadero State hospital.“We help graduates of the program to get their state license so they can begin working in the hospital,“ Kincaid explains. “ These technicians work as a treatment team alongside nurses and physicians to he
21、lp with mentally ill patient evaluation and treatment. Students could be hired to work as a state employee in the hospital while they are in the program. “The best place to investigate careers in the mental health field, she advises, is a career counselors office at your local community college. Job
22、 shadowing is one of the best ways to learn what a day in the life of a psychiatric technician is really like.Kincaid sums it up as a very rewarding challenge. “When I speak with staff in the mental hospitals, they tell me the work is not easy because people are in crisis. However, they also tell me
23、 the most rewarding part of the job is to be part of a treatment that turns someones life around. /（分数：49.00）(1).The purpose of the Human Resources Project is to _.A. encourage more people to consult their mental problemsB. raise the public awareness of the importance of mental healthC. increase men
24、tal-health workforce in quantity and diversityD. call for the improvement of mental health care in the community（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Brian Keefer, what is the problem of the mental health community?A. A lack of professional workers. B. A lack of national financial aids. C. Over-prescrip
25、tion of mental medicine.D. Insufficiency of medical equipment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is Brian Keefers advice for people who wish to work in the mental healthy industry?A. Its better to run your own clinic. B. Its better to become licensed. C. They should find a post in the large cities.D. They sh
26、ould start as an outreach worker.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the reason for most people to take up the mental health work?A. They want to make a lot of money.B. They hope to gain social respect.C. Their family members work in the same field.D. Their personal experiences push them to do so.（分数：7.00）
27、A.B.C.D.(5).The mental illness of prisoners should be taken special care of, so that _.A. they can be released out of the prison earlier B. they will no longer hurt any other prisoners C. the public can recognize their importanceD. much of their behavior can be prevented（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What is
28、provided to people wishing to work in the public community stage of mental health?A. Free college and university education. B. Free college and university accommodation. C. Allowance from college and university.D. Allowance to open their own clinic.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to Nancy Kincaid, th
29、e staff storage is widespread in all trades because _.A. businesses are not willing to pay enough moneyB. the retirement of baby boomers causes labor gapC. many young people postpone their job huntingD. lots of qualified staff go abroad for better chances（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Nancy Kincaid believes tha
30、t the young generation is more interested in college education and a more _rather than social services.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.The psychiatric technical program in Cuesta College provides students with both classroom instruction and _clinical（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.Staff in the mental hospitals consider changin
31、g a persons life for better _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. The woman should repair the TV. B. The woman should buy a new TV. C. It is worthwhile to repair the old TV.D. The woman should abandon the TV.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The man has taken
32、it five times. B. No one wants to attend it. C. It is very interesting.D. It is not popular with students.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The man will pay more for his rescheduling.B. The woman cant reschedule for the man.C. The man will have no available seat on that flight.D. The woman will have business
33、class tomorrow.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The man wants to change the room. B. The woman can have a good rest. C. The man is on the eighth floor.D. The woman cant help the man.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The woman may play tennis with the man. B. The woman will charge the man 5 dollars.C. The man may be in
34、 his neighborhood now.D. The man should pay for playing tennis.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Renewing a contract. B. Getting a promotion. C. Signing a contract.D. Asking a salary raise.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The woman may do something wrong. B. Mr. Brown may fire the woman. C. The man is the boss of the
35、woman.D. Mr. Brown isnt in a good mood.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Postpone the vacation time. B. Talk with her boss and ask for leave. C. Dont go on vacation.D. Make her leave more reasonable.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just beard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. The unfa
36、ir treatment in a job interview.B. The feelings of failing a job interview. C. The difficult questions for job interviews.D. The experience to win a job interview.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Speak little ill of her former employers.B. Avoid mentioning her former employers.C. Refuse to answer these quest
37、ions.D. Make reference to her former colleagues.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because the interviewers will certainly ask the candidates to pose a question.B. Because the interviewers like the people who are interested in the company.C. Because it is the best way to make a good impression on the interview
38、ers.D. Because it can help the interviewees to get higher paycheck.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Modern Age. B. Underground. C. Well-known firsts.D. Weather in London.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The Underground was actually first u
39、sed in London.B. Underground is the name used to refer to train in the US.C. Because of the bad weather people invented Underground.D. Underground was first used by people to escape the rain.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The weather in London is rather terrible.B. London doesnt rain as much as people say
40、it does.C. London has more rainy days than Milan and Paris.D. The weather in London is unbelievably changeable.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. It was the first train to carry passengers. B. It seemed to lack advanced technology. C. It went just ll3 miles per hour.D. It was first used in Japan in 1954.（分数：7.
41、00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. They are only licensed to provide nursing care.B. They have legal or moral obligation to physician.C. They make all nursing decision based upon physicians order.D. They c
42、ant question or refuse to carry out a physicians order.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Nurses have no legal responsibility to question a physicians order.B. Nurses should tolerate emotional and physical stress from work.C. Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off.D. There is a large amount o
43、f career dissatisfaction.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Working overtime and changing shifts often.B. Bad sleeping and eating habits.C. Being isolated from friends and family members.D. Changes in medical system.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数
44、：21.00）(1).A. Show the employers that you have some useful experience.B. Prepare a decent resume with high qualifications on it.C. Tell the employers that you will work there for nothing.D. Tell the employers that you are very interested in recording.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Display your personality
45、as good as you can.B. Make the tea or sweep the floor.C. Get to know people around you.D. Make people see that you like studio work.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Do music work less actively.B. Spend only a year or so working there.C. Leave it right away and look for another one.D. Learn a lot about record
46、ing as soon as possible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Dressing up in the morning. B. Going to work every morning. C. Combing hair in the morning.D. Putting on makeup every morning.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The increase in
47、 womens dressing time is related to lower earnings.B. Increasing personal dressing time will lead to higher earnings.C. Womens lower earnings may have to do with workplace.D. Womens dressing time is mainly spent on washing and brushing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It has no effect on all men. B. It decre
48、ases mens earnings. C. It depends on the race.D. It counters the stereotype of men.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Try to speed up the dressing process.B. Try to look neat, clean and professional.C. Try to keep the active stereotype.D. Try to increase their earnings.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.
49、00)Creative thinkers are more likely to cheat, as they can come up with elaborate explanations to justify their actions. The psychologists tested a range of students and found that those with vivid (36) cheated in order to get a bigger (37) prize. The students then used their creative thinking skills to come up with different reasons for their actions. Great creativity helps individ
