1、大学四级-1850 及答案解析(总分：498.40，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Travel has become a world-wide activity.2. People travel for many reasons, but perhaps the most common is travelling for pleasure.3. Travel is also one of the best means for learning.（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：10.00
2、)American Karoshi (过劳死)Workaholics(工作狂)in AmericaA thin, 40-something man with scattered white hair and wan(苍白的)complexion looked up from his notebook in a church basement on Manhattans Upper West Side.“Hi, Im Emerson,“ he said, “and Im addicted to work.“Hi, Emerson,“ answered his companions.Emerson
3、 is a lecturer at a major university in the New York area. In addition to his course load, he developed two new classes last semester, submitted a book-length manuscript for publication and served as executive director of a small not-for-profit corporation. “In my own eyes Im a lazy sloth(懒惰的人),“ he
4、 declared. He even agonized over coming to this evenings Workaholics Anonymous meeting. He couldnt shake the thought of running home to update his telephone list. “I just feel compelled to do this,“ he said. “Its insanity.“What makes workaholics of AmericaEmerson is not alone. His condition is a pro
5、duct of the society that surrounds him. Joan Feldman of an investment firm in Tower 2 of the World Trade Center barely got out of the building after the first airliner crashed into Tower 1 on 11 September. While hurrying down the stairs from the 88th floor, she heard an announcement over the Centers
6、 public-address system ordering employees back to work. “I would be dead,“ said Ms Feldman when asked what would have happened if she had obeyed.Americas obsession with work has reached epidemic proportions, according to Dr Bryan E. Robinson, family therapist and author of the 1998 book, Chained to
7、the Desk (New York University Press). He believes that workaholism is a disease that kills people and ruins families. In New York, time is money, and since ones worth is measured by ability to earn, overwork isnt just a good idea, its the law of supply and demand. According to psychiatrist Dr Jay B.
8、 Rohrlich, in Hollywood where ones appearance is paramount(至高无上的),the same problems might manifest themselves in anorexia(厌食症). But in New York, where working excessively to achieve success is the norm, people go overboard. “When your drive controls you, instead of you controlling it, it can be the
9、sign of underlying problems,“ he points out.That equation is reinforced by new technologies which make workaholics of all of us. When Marilyn Machlowitz wrote Workaholics in 1980, things were very different. “We didnt have faxes, cell phones, cell phones with e-mail, beepers, Palm Pilots. Workaholic
10、s used to be the people who would work anytime, anywhere. What has changed is that it has become the norm to be on call 24/7. Now thats something that doesnt cause anyone to blink. Globalization has really changed a lot of our work habits.“ People in the financial industry check in with London when
11、they arrive for work in the morning and dont stop until the Nikkei(日经指数)starts up at eight or nine in the evening. “The demand has increased to a point where it may be faster than people are hardwired(日经指数) to handle. And we havent seen all that high-tech has to offer yet, either.“ Twenty years ago
12、we had enforced downtime, noted Ms Machlowitz: “If we had to send a draft of a document to someone, we had time before they received it in the mail, read it and mailed it back demanding changes. That time has collapsed to nothing. Right away has a new definition.“A study on workaholicsA study recent
13、ly conducted by the health insurer Oxford Health Plans found that one in five Americans show up for work whether theyre ill, injured or have a medical appointment. This same obsession keeps one in five Americans from taking their vacation a failure which has been found to put individuals at risk of
14、early death. “Vacationitis (假日病)“ may come from fear of returning to find someone else at your desk, or the idea that everything will collapse in your absence.Workaholics Anonymous(无名氏工作儿) meeting publishes a list of telltale signs including: working more than 40 hours a week; taking work with you t
15、o bed, on weekends and on vacation; talking about work more than any other subject; believing its okay to work long hours if you love what you do; thinking about working while driving, falling asleep or when others are talking.To New Yorkers, of course, these are simply the habits of successful peop
16、le. The International Labor Office released findings that after passing the Japanese as the worlds most overworked population in the mid-1990s, Americans have pulled way ahead of the pack. Americans now work an average of 1, 979 hours a year, about three-and-a-half weeks more than the Japanese, six-
17、and-a-half weeks more than the British and about twelve-and-a-half weeks more than their German counterparts.Patrick Cleary of the National Association of Manufacturers told the New York Times, “We dont see this necessarily as bad news at all,“ pointing out that the increase in hours coincided with
18、a strong economic performance. Companies often compensate for Americas chronic shortage of skilled laborers with demands of forced overtime. But while an inflated salary can dull the pains of overwork, excessive job stress can cause permanent degenerative(不断恶化的)damage to the heart.Workaholics deserv
19、e more attentionIn Japan, if a ,salary man“ is found slumped over his keyboard in the morning, it triggers survivors to call for a Karoshi investigation to determine whether the death was caused by overwork. In New York the coroner(验尸官)would call the same condition heart failure.Cardiac disease (心脏病
20、)is a complex malady affected by diet, activity, smoking, drinking and stress and it occurs in epidemic proportions in the US. But coroners and judges refuse to entertain the notion that inordinate work stress can cause death. “If someone is working 14 hours a day, that person is not going to be eat
21、ing right,“ said one physician at New Yorks Beth Israel Medical Center, who asked that his name not be revealed. “Theyre not going to have time for a nice home-cooked meal. That means fast food and increased cholesterol (胆固醇). Secondly, the time constraints will not permit them to exercise. And if t
22、he person is a workaholic, often theyre going to be a smoker or, if theyre really stressed out, a drinker.“An explosion in karoshi cases accompanied Japans economic boom in the early 1980s. Since karoshi was legally recognized in the 1980s, 30,000 Japanese have been diagnosed as victims. The large n
23、umber of work-related deaths spurred Tokyo to legislate a national pension system for surviving members of karoshi victims families. But Washington continues to fail to react to such stimuli.US courts give no money to damage claims by overworked Americans. The law seems to suggest that if everyone i
24、s overworked to the point of debilitation(虚弱), none therefore warrants compensation. This makes Americas Protestant work ethic a Puritan plague and affirms anthropologist Marshall Sahlinss comment that the market system has handed down to human beings a sentence of “life at hard labor“.（分数：10.00）(1)
25、.From his appearance, we know that Emerson was exhausted by his work.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Besides his work as a lecturer at a major university, Emerson also ran a corporation to earn more money,（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to the author, there are few people who are so addicted to work like Emerson.
26、（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Dr. Bryan E Robinson believes that workaholism is also a disease which can be cured with medicine.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The author believes that new technologies contribute to the workaholics of modern people.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).People maybe suffer from vacationitis because they do
27、nt want to waste money during vacations.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).According to the findings released by the international Labour Office, the British people occupy the third place among the worlds most overworked population.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).If a “salary man“ is found slumped over his keyboard, his death
28、 may be considered _ in the US.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).One physician at New Yorks Beth Israel Medical Center believed that if a person is a workaholic, usually he will be a _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).Unlike Japan, the US still fails to legislate a national pension system for _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listeni
29、ng Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：5，分数：126.00)(1).A. It will end before long. B. It has come to a halt.C. It will last for two weeks. D. It will probably continue.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He doesnt like cooking every morning. B. She doesnt really want that much.C. She only likes a cup of milk for
30、breakfast. D. She thinks the meal is different here.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He himself doesnt have a good voice.B. He doesnt like his daughter sing at the school concert.C. He sings better than his daughter.D. He didnt know his daughter could sing so well.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She hasnt gone campi
31、ng for several weeks.B. She likes to take long camping trips.C. She prefers not to go camping on weekends.D. She often spends a lot of time planning her camping trips.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Johnsons classmate.B. Johnsons father.C. Johnsons brother.D. Johnsons friend.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He got a
32、 heart attack.B. He was unharmed.C. He was badly hurt.D. He has fully recovered from the shock.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. An accountant in a Swedish firm.B. A chemist in a Swedish company.C. A professor in a university near Milan.D. An accountant in a chemical company.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The econom
33、y is very bad.B. His age made him unpopular.C. He is very picky about jobs.D. He doesnt have any skills.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They bring him information about jobs.B. They share interesting stories in life.C. They are trying to start a business.D. They offer him money and food.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4)
34、.A. The procedure is too hard for him.B. Too many people have registered.C. It took too many hours to register.D. He is not fully qualified to register.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. They want to buy a house of their own.B. They want their parents to lend some money to them.C. They want to sell their house
35、 they are living in.D. They want to have a baby.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because its too crowded to live together.B. Because the parents always interfere with their personal life.C. Because they will have a baby.D. Because the house is too far away from their working places.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He
36、 is considerate. B. He is aggressive.C. He is self-reliant. D. He is very rich.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation a
37、nd the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.（分数：35.00）(1).A
38、. Oxford Street. B. Buckingham Palace. C. Trafalgar Square.D. Kings Cross.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. That she will go away. B. That she will be sorry. C. That she will not quit her job.D. That she will not buy him a present.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She doesnt think the man could finish it. B. She doesnt
39、 think the man worked hard enough.C. She doesnt think it is the mans fault.D. She doesnt like the idea of going to parties.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Shes worried that the man will miss next weeks deadline.B. She doesnt know when the deadline for tuition payment is.C. The man should have paid his tuiti
40、on a week ago.D. The man has all week to pay his tuition.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She wants to move to the new apartment. B. She doesnt want to move to the new apartment. C. She likes the newly built student dormitory.D. She likes the idea of moving into the dormitory.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数
41、：4，分数：91.00)(1).A. Sell insurance to clients.B. Give hiking trip advice.C. Provide food during the trip.D. Train the hikers physically.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Bringing your favorites is not an option.B. Bananas and tomatoes are preferable.C. You should bring more than you need.D. They should be easy
42、-cooking and appealing to you.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Food choices have nothing to do with trash.B. The website will take care of hiking trash.C. Hikers should not leave their trash behind them.D. Smart people do not have to deal with trash.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage One（分数：21.00）(1).A. It has been pr
43、oven to be the best pain-killer.B. It is a possible cure for heart disease.C. It can help lower high body temperature effectively.D. It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.B. It speeds up their recovery after surger
44、y.C. It increases the blood flow to the heart.D. It adjusts their blood pressure.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.B. It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before the operation.C. It will have considerable side effects if taken in large
45、doses.D. It should not be given to patients immediately after the operation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Its about the decision the jury has made.B. Its about the trial of two young boys.C. Its about the response of the public.D. Its about the prosecution of a toddler.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The two boys
46、 were accused of killing a child about two years old.B. The two boys were accused of lying.C. The two boys were accused of kidnapping a young child.D. The two boys were accused of premeditated murder.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because this was the second week of the trial.B. Because this was the third
47、and the last week of the trial.C. Because this was the first trial.D. Because this was the third trial.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Money can only influence responses to emotional pain.B. Money can only influence responses to physical pain.C. Money can hardly influence responses to emotional or physical
48、pain.D. Money can influence responses to both emotional and physical pain.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Put their hands in cold water.B. Put their hands in hot water.C. Report their feelings to the researcher.D. Throw the dollar bills away.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. How the subjects handled being excluded.B. How much self-respect the subjects had.C. Whether money had anything to do with the mental responses of the subjects.D. How the mental responses of the subjects changed in different situations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The results of the studies were conv
