1、大学四级-1837 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.1目前一些大学开放校园作为公共停车场2有人认为这样可以资源共享，有人认为这样会扰乱教学秩序3我认为Should University Campuses Be Used as Public Parking Lots?（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).A. She will take an exam on Friday. B. She h
2、as to study on Friday. C. She doesnt enjoy tours very much. D. She prefers to stay at home.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The course may be not so good now. B. Prof. Smith will retire next semester.C. The course is definitely worthwhile. D. The course is even more interesting now.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Bo
3、ok a table for his birthday. B. Buy some new books. C. Register to live in the hotel.D. Buy a new table.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Her new apartment is cheaper. B. She doesnt like to listen to the radio.C. The present one is much too expensive.D. She needs a quieter place.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5).A. He is
4、crazy about it. B. He appreciates it.C. He has no idea about it.D. He doesnt like it.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Part-time jobs. B. Summer vacation plans. C. A training class.D. A dance course.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Its not too bad for his health. B. It sets a good example to the children. C. It makes
5、him feel good.D. It never makes him cough.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. In a hotel. B. In a library. C. in a bank.D. In a restaurant.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. A comparison of political journals and newspapers.B. The use of computers in calculating election results.C. An analysis of early presidential electi
6、ons.D. The impact of TV on presidential elections.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To type some research material. B. To learn to use the computers there.C. To get material unavailable at the main library.D. To choose a topic for the term paper.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Ask their teachers for help. B. Look it
7、up in the list. C. Use one of the computers in the library.D. Turn to the university board for help.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Go to that library to get them. B. Pay a little money to use them. C. Type a request into computers.D. Order them from the publisher.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Nuclear reactors ca
8、n be of little use to people.B. Nuclear energy is dangerous as radiation.C. Nuclear energy may become a danger to human.D. Nuclear energy is useful to human beings life.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Doctor and patient. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student.D. Tourist and guide.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A
9、. Nuclear energy is our best hope for the future.B. Nuclear energy poses a threat to the safety of the population.C. Too many accidents are happening at nuclear power plants.D. It is hard to have an agreement on nuclear energy.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(
10、1).A. It is a large meal made by all the family members.B. It may last from two to four hours.C. It is shared in the best time of the day.D. Each member gets together and discusses many issues.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Almost half their money. B. Almost all their money. C. Almost one third of their mo
11、ney.D. Most of their money.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Right after the father gives everyone some wine.B. Right after the father makes the cross over the bread with a knife.C. Right after the mother slices the bread for each member of the family.D. Right after the father gives each member a piece of bre
12、ad.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The famous French food. B. The French family meal. C. The French family reunion.D. The French table manners.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. They have to contact more people so as to find a new job.B. There are always downward changes in their lives.C.
13、Many of them stand a good chance of finding new and better jobs.D. They are not able to find a new job.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He has more time to do his own things.B. He can stay up as late as he likes.C. He can learn a new skill.D. He is able to get rid of the routine work.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A.
14、He will try to make the best of unemployment.B. He will suffer psychologically.C. He will have a lot of trouble at home.D. He will learn a new skill or run his own business.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. A person may feel safe when driving a car.B. A person can move around fr
15、eely with a car. C. It is easy to maintain cars.D. It will not pollute the air.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It is exhausting to drive in heavy traffic.B. The driver might have an accident sooner or later.C. Cars will easily break down because of poor quality.D. It is dangerous to drive alone late at nigh
16、t.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The good reasons for owning a car. B. The disadvantages of owning a car. C. Traffic accidents caused by car drivers.D. Advantages and disadvantages of owning a car.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting t
17、oo fat, and keep us healthy. But these are not their only use. They give us (26) practice in making eyes, brain and muscles work together. In tennis, our eyes see the ball coming, (27) its speed and direction and pass this information on to the brain. The brain then has to (28) what to do, and sends
18、 its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back where it ought to go. All this must happen with great speed in order to (29) this complicated chain of events successfully, for those who work with their brains most of the day, the practice of such skills i
19、s (30) useful.Sports and games are also very useful for character training. In their lessons at school, boys and girls may learn about (31) such as courage, discipline and love of ones country, but what is learned in books cannot have the same deep effects on a childs character as what is learned by
20、 (32) . The ordinary day-school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the pupils time is spent in classes, studying lessons. So it is what the pupils do in their spare time that really prepares them to (33) society as citizens when they grow up. If each of them learns to wor
21、k for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it (34) to work for the good of his country (35) only for his own benefit.（分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)If youv
22、e been following the status of Arctic sea ice for the past few years, hearing scientists (36) the potential coming of an ice-free Arctic summer may sound like old news. But according to researchers at NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC), this year, sea ice at the (37) of the globe
23、may be even more (38) to melting than in the past.Each winter as the sun sets for several months and temperatures begin to plummet (骤降), the Arctic ice cap grows, reaching its (39) extent in March. The melting season then begins, with the ice minimum extent occurring in September.But all sea ice is
24、not created equal. Multi-year ice is sea ice that has (40) at least one melt season and is typically 2 to 4 meters (6.5 to 13 feet) thick. First-year ice, on the other hand, has accumulated over only one (41) and is much thinner. As the 2009 melt season begins, satellite data shows that the Arctic O
25、cean is covered (42) by first-year and second-year ice, which means the thin ice is less likely to survive the coming summer.The maximum sea ice extent for winter of 2008-2009, which was reached on February 28, was 278000 square miles less than the (43) extent for 1979-2000 and represented the fifth
26、 lowest maximum ice extent on (44) . Although the ice extent is important, ice thickness is the best overall (45) of Arctic ice cover health.A. survived F. hardly K. mostlyB. resistant G. vulnerable L. centerC. announce H. diminished M. maximumD. season I. record N. performanceE. indicator J. averag
27、e O. top（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Is Higher Education a Bubble?A) My colleague at Democracy in America draws attention to an ongoing debate over the nature of higher education, and, in particular, steady increases in t
28、he cost of getting one. The question of the hour is: is higher education a bubble?B) Consider: If you can only afford to go to a state university, dont be too annoyed. Except this: Kevin Drum went to a state university that does not exist anymore. When he graduated from Cal State Long Beach in 1981,
29、 he paid $160 in fees. If he graduated from the same institution today, the tuition he would have paid for this year would be $4335. They officially call it “tuition“ now, because its not meant to be a nominal (名义上的) “fee“ anymore. Its simply the price you pay for your education, as a customer, and
30、next year it will be higher, a lot higher. Unless the direction of things changes soon, it will be $6450. And the year after that? It will be even higher. Fees/Tuition in the California State system have risen significantly every year since when Kevin Drum went there, and they have risen by around 4
31、00% since 2002. Given the complete intransigence (不妥协) of California republicans, tuition will most likely rise by another 32% next year.C) A diploma is a kind of investment. It is a guarantor of higher lifetime earnings: The “college wage premium“ for highly educated workers is in the tens of thous
32、ands of dollars per year. It is also an insurance policy against unemployment, a signaling device to employers and peers, a prestige line for your resume or New York Times wedding announcement, and a place to make friends and connections. Most importantly, it is a way to learn new skills and informa
33、tion.D) It could be that college students are overpaying for their educations. But it seems more likely that some college students attending certain types of schools are overpaying. If you want to be an aerospace engineer and have the chops to get into Caltech, the quality of the education, contacts
34、, and fellow students on offer might really be worth $200000 to you. A diploma from the school practically guarantees a good salary.E) Its much harder to talk about a bubble in education than one in housing. In housing, there was a clear metric: prices, in absolute terms and as a ratio of just about
35、 everything, were soaring. And there was a clear debate: are these increases justified by some real economic shift or are they a bubble associated with new mortgage products and loose credit. In higher education, the questions are much more difficult.F) For one thing, its hard to agree on what price
36、 should be the focus. Advertised topline tuition? Few people pay that. Average tuition paid? Average student loan debt? Is the bubble in higher education present at all universities, or just top universities, or just for profit universities? And how is whatever rising price that is the focus connect
37、ed to changes in the benefits of a higher education? Indeed, what are those benefits?G) The ultimate benefit seems to be a substantial wage premium, and comparisons of that premium to average levels of tuition or incurred debt make college look like an incredibly good deal. The tricky thing is that
38、there may well be an identification problem: it could simply be the case that students who go to college earn more, because the types of students that go to college are the types that have characteristics (intelligence, discipline) that translate into higher earnings. University degrees could simply
39、 be expensive signaling mechanisms at best, in this world, and massively wasteful cultural institutions at worst.H) Because we cant select high school seniors at random, send some to universities and some into the workforce, and see what happens, were going to be limited in what we can say about the
40、 extent to which this is true. But let me tell you how I think about this.I) I think the gains from higher education are mostly, though not at all entirely, about actual learning, though I should say that a healthy portion of these learning gains arent academic in nature, but have to do with things
41、like social capital. Given the cost of higher education, it seems unlikely that signaling can be the main value of a college degree. There are so many other available means to accomplish the same thing. Why wouldnt an employer be as happy with a set of scores on the SAT and GRE and a letter of accep
42、tance from Harvard? The potential market for a cheaper means to signal worth and to network seems so large that its absence is just very difficult to explain.J) There are highly successful firms that do opt to recruit large numbers of skilled young people away from universities and toward an early p
43、rofessional career: Americas professional sports teams. Why havent other companies followed suit? If college doesnt teach anything, how can we explain this enormous market failure?K) One potential explanation is that there are multiple balances and at present we are stuck in a bad one. So long as th
44、e vast majority of talented youths get traditional college educations, it is too risky and costly for young people to defect from the higher-education strategy. Defection could, indeed, signal a lack of professional fitness. But this is a very vulnerable equilibrium (平衡). If even a small number of t
45、hose students accepted to top universities opt instead to strike out on their own, the bad record of missing out on college could quickly erode. One can even imagine a young student leaving to pursue an entrepreneurial vision directly targeted at potential college dropoutssetting up support networks
46、, alternative signaling mechanisms, and so on.L) But why hasnt this already happened? My guess is that most people, including parents, students, and employers, consider a university education to be a good value. The full set of returns to the investment signaling and networking, yes, but also the ac
47、tual investments in intellectual and social capital-justifies the sticker price, and certainly the $ 20000 or so in average student loan debt.M) What would we look for in a higher education bubble? College educations have long been incredibly cheap given the apparent long-run benefit to the degree-h
48、older. Students today are now paying for a larger share of the benefit they receive. And in some eases, universities appear to be getting better at gaining some of the surplus created by degree completion.N) Is this problematic? There is a positive societal effect to higher education, and so students (many of them anyway) should continue to receive some subsidy. And it is in societys interest to ensure that deserving poor students
