1、大学四级-1833 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.如今很多大学生非常重视职业规划2.出现这种现象的原因3.我的观点On College Students Career Planning（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Why Our Children Need to Get Outside and Engage with NatureIn an age of cable TV, Nintendos (任天堂游戏机), Facebook an
2、d YouTube, is it actually important to be able to tell the species of one flower from another? Well, it obviously cant do any harm to know a bit about the natural world beyond the screen and the front door. And if, as a result of that, you develop a love for nature, you may care something for its su
3、rvival, which is probably no bad thing.But a growing body of evidence is starting to show that its not so much what children know about nature thats important, as what happens to them when they are in nature (and not just in it, but in it by themselves, without grownups ). Respectable scientistsdoct
4、ors, mental health experts, educationalists, sociologistsare beginning to suggest that when kids stop going out into the natural world to play, it can affect not just their development as individuals, but society as a whole.“Theres a paradox,“ says Stephen Moss, naturalist, broadcaster and author. “
5、More kids today are interested in the natural world than ever before; they watch it on the tele, they may well visit a nature reserve or a National Trust site with their families. But far fewer are experiencing it directly, on their own or with their friends, and thats what counts, this is about mor
6、e than nature.“The American writer Richard Louv, author of the bestseller Last Child in the Woods, has defined the phenomenon as “nature deficit disorder“. Something “very profound“ has happened to childrens relationship with nature over the last couple of decades, he says, for a number of reasons.
7、Technology, obviously, is one. a recent report from the Kaiser Family Foundation in the US found that the average 8-to-18-year-old American now spends more than 53 hours a week “using entertainment media“.Then theres the fact that childrens time is much more pressured than it once was. Spare time mu
8、st be spent constructively, after-school activities, coaching, organised sportsno time for kicking your heels outdoors. Except kids never did really kick their heels. “I was out on my own and with my friends all the time, from the age of about eight,“ says Moss, now 50. “Climbing trees, building den
9、s, collecting birds eggs and frogspawn. Today, parents dont even want their kids to get dirty.“But the biggest obstacles to todays children being allowed out in this way (or even to the nearest park or patch of wasteground) stem more from anxiety than prudence. “Stranger danger“, the fear of abducti
10、on by an unknown adult, is why most parents wont allow kids out unsupervised. Blanket media coverage of the few such incidents that do occur may have contributed to this; in fact, there is a risk but its minimalthe chance of a child being killed by a stranger in Britain is, literally, one in a milli
11、on, and has been since the 70s. “A far more serious issue, a massive issue in fact, is traffic,“ says Moss. “That has grown exponentially (以指数方式), and its a very real problem.“Its a problem we need to address, because the consequences of failing to allow our children to play independently outside ar
12、e beginning to make themselves felt. On the website childrenandnature, org, Louv cites a lengthening list of scientific studies indicating that time spent in free play in the natural worlda free-range childhood, perhapshas a huge impact on health.Obesity is perhaps the most visible symptom of the la
13、ck of such play, but literally dozens of studies from around the world show regular time outdoors produces significant improvements in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning ability, creativity and mental, psychological and emotional wellbeing.Just five minutes “green exercise“ can produ
14、ce rapid improvements in mental wellbeing and self-esteem, with the greatest benefits experienced by the young, according to a study this year at the University of Essex.Free and unstructured play in the outdoors boosts problem-solving skills, focus and self-discipline. Socially, it improves coopera
15、tion, flexibility, and self-awareness. Emotional benefits include reduced aggression and increased happiness. “Children will be smarter, better able to get along with others, healthier and happier when they have regular opportunities for free and unstructured play in the out-of-doors,“ concluded one
16、 authoritative study published by the American Medical Association in 2005.“Nature is a tool,“ says Moss, “to get children to experience not just the wider world, but themselves.“ So climbing a tree, he says, is about “learning how to take responsibility for yourself, and howcruciallyto measure risk
17、 for yourself. Falling out of a tree is a very good lesson in risk and reward.“Ask anyone over 40 to recount their most treasured memories of childhood play, and few will be indoors. Fewer still will involve an adult. Independent play, outdoors and far from grown-up eyes, is what we remember. As thi
18、ngs stand, todays children will be unlikely to treasure memories like that. 21% of todays kids regularly play outside, compared with 71% of their parents.The picture isnt entirely hopeless, though. In the US, nature deficit disorder is big news: Louv is delivering the keynote speech at the American
19、Academy of Pediatrics annual conference; city parks departments are joining with local health services to prescribe “outdoor time“ for problem children. Here, organisations such as the RSPB, National Trust and Natural England are “moving moun rains“ to get families outdoors, Moss says. Often, though
20、, this remains what he calls a “mediated experience“determined by adults.One project, in Somerset, could show the way ahead. Two years ago the Somerset Play and Participation Service, a voluntary sector scheme run by childrens charity Barnardos in collaboration with a local authorities and a number
21、of natural environment agencies, began putting time and money into encouraging children to play independently outdoors. Part of the scheme is a website, somersetoutdoorplay, org. uk, detailing more than 30 sites across the county, from hilltops to forests and headlands to beaches, where kids can pla
22、y unsupervised.“We aim for children to experience true free play,“ says Kristen Lambert, who runs the schemes PlayRanger service. “Play thats not set up according to an adult agendain forests and open spaces, not designated play areas. There are no specific activities, no fixed equipment; there are
23、tree branches and muddy slopes. The spaces themselves are inspiring. Children set their own challenges, assess their own risks, take their own responsibility, have their own adventures, and learn from them. And what they learn cant be taught. You should see them./（分数：49.00）(1).According to many resp
24、ectable scientists, kids stop going out into the natural world to play can affect _.A. their love for nature B. their care for natures survivalC. the development of their individualityD. their development and the society（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What did a recent report from the Kaiser Family Foundation
25、in the US find?A. Technology obviously is not the reason that leads to childrens “nature deficit disorder“.B. Ordinary young Americans spend a lot of time “using entertainment media“ nowadays. C. something “very profound“ has happened to childrens relationship with nature recently.D. Now fewer child
26、ren are experiencing nature directly, on their own or with their friends.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Moss, today what is parents attitude towards activities like climbing trees?A. Uncertain. B. Concerned. C. Disapproval.D. Acceptance.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The biggest obstacles to todays childre
27、n being allowed out in nature arise from _.A. parents prudence B. parents anxiety C. traffic problemsD. technology development（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does a long list of scientific studies cited by Louv suggest?A. Time spent in free play in the natural world greatly affects childrens health.B. The
28、 consequences of failing to allow children to play outside are disastrous.C. Children today really need to play independently outside close to nature.D. Parents need to realize the importance of allowing children to play outside.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What may be the most obvious problem caused by the
29、 lack of free play in the natural world?A. Hyperactivity disorder.B. The lack of creativity.C. Childhood obesity.D. Emotional disorder.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What are the emotional benefits of playing freely in the outdoors?A. Improved cooperation, flexibility and self-awareness.B. Boosted problem-sol
30、ving skills, focus and self-discipline.C. Children becoming smarter, healthier and more adaptable.D. Reduced aggression and increased happiness.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Moss regards falling out of a tree as a lesson for children to learn about 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.In the US, city parks departments and loca
31、l health services are giving troubled children “outdoor time“ as a 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.On the website, somersetoutdoorplay, org. uk, more than 30 sites across Somerset are listed for kids to play without 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. The man
32、should not hire the same tutor that she had.B. She is not prepared for the midterm exam either.C. It is too late for the man to find a tutor.D. The man should hire a tutor before the midterm exam.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Practice her presentation in front of him.B. Find out who her audience will be t
33、omorrow.C. Try not to think about her audience.D. Watch him make his presentation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Make a shopping list.B. Buy some salad.C. Get some ingredients for the salad.D. Wait for the woman to return.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He sells paint supplies.B. He plans to take an art class with
34、 the woman.C. He works as an artist.D. He works in an art museum.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She didnt know Dr. Turners lecture would be so interesting.B. She didnt expect to have a quiz today.C. Dr. Turner often gives quizzes.D. The man should have prepared for the class.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. He deci
35、ded not to sell the piano.B. Hes looking for a place to store the piano.C. No one has bought the piano.D. He hasnt been able to find an inexpensive piano yet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It wont take long to get to the station.B. Itll be easy for him to give the woman a ride to the station.C. Hell ride o
36、n the train with the woman.D. Hes picking someone up from the station.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He can give the woman directions to Chicago.B. He can drive the woman to Chicago.C. He can get a map for the woman.D. He can take the woman to the bookstore.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on
37、the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Bart co-starred with Brad Pitt in a movie.B. Bart acted in the movie The Bear in 1994.C. Bart is an animal trainer.D. Bart is a famous actor.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. His years of experience training dangerous animals.B. His emotional bound with be
38、ars by feeding them since born.C. His brave and courageous character as an animal trainer.D. His profound knowledge of bears course of action.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He enables the bears to like surprises.B. He trains the bears to get used to changes.C. He comforts bears when they get upset.D. He tr
39、ains animals for the circus.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Teaching them to act with humans.B. Teaching them communication skills.C. Making them finish a series of actions.D. Making them as clever as dogs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A.
40、 There are built-in video games in every cell phone.B. Video games are played everywhere nowadays.C. There are free video games on airplanes.D. 12 hours a day are spent on games in most families.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They are mostly young people under 18.B. There are more teenagers than adults.C.
41、There are more male players than female ones.D. They are people with rich imaginations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Prosperous.B. Depressing.C. Indefinite.D. Challenging.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A.
42、 In the Southern Hemisphere.B. In the Northern Hemisphere.C. On their route of migration.D. On an island named Olango.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The surroundings there are good.B. Many species of birds live there.C. It is filled with natural resources.D. It is a halfway point on the Flyway.（分数：7.00）A.B
43、.C.D.(3).A. Humans kill fish to feed the birds.B. Humans have built homes for birds.C. Birds are starved and scared away.D. Birds have been well protected so far.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Their ecosystems can easily be destroyed.B. They will all become tourist destinations.C. Natural resources will be
44、come exhausted.D. Birds will no longer take their rest there.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Buy cheaper items.B. Use your common sense.C. Be comfortable with it.D. Check for extra charges.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Using a cr
45、edit card.B. Mailing cash directly.C. Writing out checks.D. Using bank transfer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Confirm the delivery at once.B. Pay the seller without delay.C. Examine the goods carefully.D. Contact the seller in writing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passa
46、ge you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. They often do not deserve their success.B. They have more skills than most of us.C. They work harder than other people.D. They get better grades than their peers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. His sister sent off his application form.B. The famous singer had a throat
47、 problem.C. He won a quiz show and got a lot of money.D. A record company executive heard his voice.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It is not necessary to work hard.B. Good luck can bring you nothing.C. Wait for your luck, and youll succeed.D. You can not merely wait for good luck.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section
48、 C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The best way to learn words is by experiencing them a number of times in a (36) of sentences. Repeated (37) to a word will eventually make it a part of your working languages. This method of learning words (38) that you make reading a (39) . You should, first of all, read a daily n
49、ewspaper. You do not have to read it from first page to last. Instead, you should read the features that interest you. You might, for instance, read the movie and television pages, the sports section, columns on (40) tips, and any news articles or features that catch your eye. Second, you should (41) to one or more weekly magazines such as Newsweek, Time. or People, as well as monthly m
