1、大学四级-1828 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.半数家长为孩子聘请家教2.家教的利与弊3.我的观点Private Tutoring for Children（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)For-Profit Colleges Clean Up Their Acts. Sort OfThe image of the nations for-profit colleges has taken a beating in recent mon
2、ths. Senate hearings and the media have been filled with stories of schools engaging in questionable business practices, including accusations that some colleges pushed students to take loans they couldnt afford and misled applicants about the potential for getting a high-paying job after receiving
3、a degree. And the bad press isnt over yet. Last week the Florida attorney generals(检察长) office announced an investigation into whether for-profit higher-education schoolsincluding Kaplan Inc., the University of Phoenix, Everest University, Med Vance Institute, and Argosy Universityhad made misrepres
4、entations to students.Faced with mounting criticism, two of the largest for-profit colleges have announced reforms. Starting in September the 470,000-student-strong University of Phoenix stopped paying its admissions officers based on the number of students they sign up, eliminating an incentive som
5、e see for those officers to mislead applicants or pressure them to sign paperwork. The school will also put all prospective new students through a three-week, tuition-free “orientation“ course designed to help them decide whether theyre ready for the commitments that come with their studies. In the
6、past there have been reports of cash-strapped students talked into signing up when they may not have been readymany may be behind financially or educationally, but they still end up on the hook for making school payments they cant really afford. “The orientation program enables incoming students to
7、make an informed decision about attending University of Phoenix and experience the strictness of the college classroom without incurring a financial burden,“ says University of Phoenix spokesman Manny Rivera. Kaplan, one of the University of Phoenixs larger competitors, announced a similar free orie
8、ntation course in September. New Kaplan students must take the course and pass an “academic assessment“ in order to enroll in a degree program.The federal government is also stepping in: on Nov. 1 the Department of Education will announce a set of new rules that for-profit schools must follow, inclu
9、ding an industry wide prohibition against incentives to admissions officers for recruiting more students and a revision to policies that have allowed schools to change the way they count credit hours in order to let students borrow more federal cash. Advocates praise these reforms. “Its inspiring to
10、 see the Education Department regulating this industry, whereas for a very long time there was no supervision,“ says Steve Burd of the New America Foundations watchdog blog, Higher Ed Watch. The changes proposed by the schools are “a step in the right direction,“ adds Ben Miller, of the think tank E
11、ducation Sector. But its unclear whether the rest of the industry will follow the lead of these bigger for-profit schools, and whether the latest reforms will effectively address the industrys core problem: graduates with high debt and, critics say, an education that doesnt adequately prepare them f
12、or the workplace.Trade associations that represent the schools are lobbying against further changes the Department of Education is considering, including tighter monitoring of how students develop after graduation. Schools say changes of this sort are unnecessary, but Education Secretary Arne Duncan
13、 argues they are needed “to make sure that taxpayer dollars are well spent“ (taxpayer-backed student loans are by far the largest revenue source for the industry). “These schoolsand their investorsbenefit from billions of dollars in subsidies from taxpayers and, in return, taxpayers have a right to
14、know that these programs are providing solid preparation for a job,“ Duncan said in a July statement.Reforms like orientation programs end up reducing the number of students who enter a school, and thats not usually good for business. University of Phoenix and Kaplan have made these changes anyway,
15、but thats in part because they have a financial motivation to do so. both receive federal loans and grants at a rate that approaches 90 percent of their revenues. If they exceed that 90 percent threshold two years in a row, the government will stop approving loans for their new students. “Essentiall
16、y the school would have to shut down,“ explains industry analyst Matt Snowling of FBR Capital Markets. In order to avoid that scene, schools have to reduce the number of high-debt students on their rolls, and orientation courses that force students to consider their ability to pay are one way to do
17、that.The news that the University of Phoenix would slow its enrollment has understandably worried investors. When the company acknowledged on a call with analysts this month that its new policies would cause student enrollment to decline, its stock price dipped 23 percent in a single day. “Universit
18、y of Phoenix appears to be engaged in a serious effort to reform itself,“ says Burd. “It is admirably doing this in the face of fierce resistance from Wall Street, making it extremely unlikely that the rest of the industry will follow suit.“ Miller, the policy analyst, notes that all for-profit scho
19、ols could require that students take a cooling-off period of a few days before they enroll, which, like University of Phoenixs and Kaplans reforms, would ensure that they think it over before borrowing for school, but that hasnt happened yet.Other federally required changes that could happen down th
20、e road include so-called gainful-employment rules that would force colleges to monitor how many of their graduates are actually employed and can afford to pay back their loans. If a college is graduating too many students who cant, it might not be able to get federal loans for new students the follo
21、wing year (loans for existing students would not be affected) . Under these regulations, the system would also limit the amount of debt for students who graduate from for-profit colleges, but it would also limit the number of low-income students who can attend them. Under pressure from for-profit sc
22、hools, the Department of Education has agreed to delay the “gainful employment“ rules at least until next year while it holds more public hearings.In the meantime, students ought to remain cautious about the commitment theyre making in signing up for a for-profit college. Though Kaplan and Universit
23、y of Phoenixs orientation programs provide students with some time to reconsider their decision, no industry wide rule is laid down. So students looking to start careers with degrees from for-profit institutions should take their time before signing that promissory note.（分数：49.00）(1).What is one of
24、the business practices by for-profit schools reported by media?A. Tolerating cases of beating students in recent months.B. Pressing students to take loans beyond their capacities.C. Helping students get a high-paying job after graduation.D. Asking students to take questionable business practices.（分数
25、：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In reaction to growing criticism, what did the University of Phoenix do to its admissions officers?A. It did not pay them for how many students they recruit any more.B. It eliminated those officers who pressed students to sign paperwork.C. It treated those officers with incentive t
26、o offer applicants more loans.D. It stopped paying its admissions officers due to the severe pressure.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does University of Phoenix spokesman Manny Rivera say about the orientation program?A. It helps student get financial help from government easily.B. It prevents students fr
27、om unaffordable financial burden.C. It informs students of what they have to face after attending college.D. It lets students experience enjoyable environment of the college classroom.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the set of new rules, the for-profit schools will revise policies about credit hours so that
28、 _.A. students can graduate earlier with less loans to payB. students will not be able to borrow more federal cashC. students can transfer to cheaper schools more easilyD. students will have more time to work part-time jobs（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the industrys core problem according to critics?
29、A. Graduates with low scores.B. The ineffectiveness of reforms.C. Schools reluctance to follow suit.D. Graduates inadequacy for work.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What is the further change the Department of Education is thinking of?A. Calculating whether taxpayer dollars are well spent.B. Providing graduate
30、s with solid preparation for a job.C. Forbidding benefits from subsidies from taxpayers.D. Monitoring how students develop after graduation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What is part of the reason that University of Phoenix and Kaplan have made changes like orientation programs?A. They intend to reduce the n
31、umber of entering students.B. Both are essentially facing the danger of shutting down.C. They are financially motivated to adopt such measures.D. Both want to relieve heavy burdens on college students.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Burd says that University of Phoenix is engaged in reforming itself while Wall S
32、treet fiercely 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.Following the so-called gainful-employment rules, a college might be unable to get federal loans for new students if too many of its graduates cant get 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.In the meantime, when students are making commitment in sighing up for a for-profit college,
33、they should stay 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. She wishes she could take a different class.B. She has already read most of the assigned books.C. The students dont have to read every book on the list.D. The reading list doesnt contain many int
34、eresting books.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. There arent many jobs available.B. The woman needs to improve her skills.C. The woman can find a better job.D. There might be a way for the woman to keep the same job.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She needs to go shopping for a new pair of jeans.B. She and her sister
35、 look different because of their clothing.C. She and her sister arent twins.D. She and her sister dont wear the same size dress.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Help Flora with her paper next week.B. Ask Flora to clean the apartment by herself.C. Ask someone else to clean the apartment with Flora.D. Ask Flor
36、a to wait until next weekend to do the cleaning.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Shell return the questionnaire soon.B. The first question is optional.C. The man doesnt need to answer all the questions.D. The man doesnt need to submit a questionnaire.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. He will go to the film Saturday.B.
37、 He will watch a basketball game on Saturday.C. He will practice with the basketball team on Sunday.D. He does not like to watch films.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. How to use a camera.B. How to operate a washer.C. How to play the piano.D. How to use a tape recorder.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She worked on h
38、er term paper far into the night.B. She watched some sport games on TV.C. She stayed late to have a talk with some fans.D. She didnt sleep well because of some excited fans.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Husband and wife.B. Doct
39、or and patient.C. Customer and clerk.D. Teacher and student.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Relaxed feelings.B. Mental disorders.C. Weight and appetite loss.D. Quite negative emotions.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Drink herbal tea.B. Take in more sunlight.C. Stop wearing sunglasses.D. Eat more vitamin A and D.（分数
40、：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He thought it was harmful to our skin.B. He thought it could destroy our health.C. He was afraid of meeting any sunlight.D. He was worried about his skin colour.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Helping student
41、s with their homework.B. Planning some recreational activities.C. Looking after children at lunch time.D. Working with a youth organization.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It needs a lot of time, energy and training.B. It isnt as rewarding as you have imagined.C. You can meet different kinds of difficulties
42、.D. You may have to deal with a lot of people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It is frustrating knowing about peoples problems.B. She is tired of helping people since it is boring.C. She can handle her own problems better now.D. It makes her a better person by opening her heart.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(
43、总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Animals extraordinary ability to predict weather.B. Some old ways of weather predicting.C. The wisdom of ancient people.D. Why we should pay more respect to animals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. By r
44、eading books passed on by former generations.B. By calculating the dates in four seasons.C. By consulting experienced old man in the village.D. By carefully observing nature around them.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because human beings are close to nature.B. Because city dwellers have no other ways of pr
45、edicting weather.C. Because the senses of human beings are not so useful as those of animals.D. Because human beings do not depend on their senses to learn about weather as much as animals do.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. By observing hibernating and migrating animals.B. By feeling the cold wind.C. By obs
46、erving the soil in the field.D. By observing the falling leaves.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. To kill the insects when they are eggs.B. To slow down the growth of insect eggs.C. To make the crops look better.D. To preserv
47、e the harvests for sale.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They will get less money from the harvest.B. They will save a lot of space.C. They will have good market feedbacks.D. They will enjoy the lack of competition.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It costs more than expected.B. It can cause pollution.C. Its price is
48、quite reasonable.D. It should be produced locally.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He suffered a deadly disease.B. He was a basketball player.C. He grew up in a poor region.D. He set a goal of being healthy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.
49、D.(2).A. He would rewrite every record of Browns.B. He wanted to watch Brown play some day.C. He considered Brown his idol.D. He shouted his name to Brown.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The power of a great goal is tremendous.B. A poor boy can achieve his success.C. It is very important to have an idol.D. It is worthwhile to pursue happiness.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Consumers visit several st
