1、大学四级-1816 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.网络约会越来越受到人们的欢迎2人们对此持有不同的观点3我的观点Internet Dating（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Prince Georges County Lead the Way to Merit PayMany of the countrys top educators are talking about the idea of paying teachers in line
2、with their performance in the classroom. On Wednesday, Prince Georges County will actually do it.The second-largest school system in Maryland is paying $1.1 million to 279 teachers and administrators from a dozen schools who volunteered for a new program that links cash bonuses to classroom performa
3、nce. The amount of money being paid is relatively small, and the number of staff members is a fraction of the 17,000 people employed by the expanding school system. But as a symbol of how attitudes toward compensation are changing, its something to be watched.“I would really like to see this pilot m
4、oved to scale,“ said William R. Hite Jr. , superintendent in Prince Georges. “We feel like were on the edge of this, but the key piece of this is that were working with our teachers union. “The program offered bonuses of up to $10,000 for teachers, $11,500 for assistant principals and $12,000 for pr
5、incipals. The maximum bonus would be a large pay bump for a teacher with a starting salary of about $45,000.But none of the 244 teachers who participated in the program last school year attained the $10,000 figure, according to school system data. For teachers, the awards ranged from a low of $565 t
6、o $6,050. Typical bonuses ranged from $4,300 to $5,700.The reason is the way the bonuses are structured: Not all teachers qualify for every piece of the bonus pie. Half of the bonus money is tied to scores on state tests: As much as $2,500 is awarded when the school meets test-score targets, and as
7、much as $2,500 for improving a given classs scores. The other half is granted, for teaching in hard-to-staff subjects ($1,500), doing well on an evaluation of classroom skills (as much as $1,500), and engaging in professional development and activities outside the classroom (as much as $2,000).The i
8、dea of merit pay for teachers and principals is an old one, but it often has stalled (拖延) by opposition from union leaders who support raises for all teachers and fear competitions effects on labor solidarity. Others have questioned whether it is fair to link pay to a superiors evaluation or a poten
9、tially flawed state exam.But merit pay has gained traction recently. With the federal No Child Left Behind law forcing schools to improve test scores or be identified as failures, superintendents have been more willing to try anything that might improve student performance.Education Secretary Arne D
10、uncan has offered states $4.35 billion in so-called “Race to the Top“. federal grants for embracing innovative changes. Programs linking teacher pay to classroom skills although not solely test results are among the changes Duncan has encouraged, and some prominent school systems have embraced polic
11、ies that have long been too politically toxic to touch.In New York, for instance, Mayor Michael R Bloomberg announced last month that the citys public schools would begin using student test scores as a factor in deciding whether teachers earn tenure(终身职位), expanding an already-existing program of us
12、ing the scores to determine bonuses for teachers and principals. The teachers union opposes the proposal, and critics say it could put too much emphasis on standardized exams.The Prince Georges program is unusual because it has the backing of the Prince Georges County Educators Association, the unio
13、n that represents teachers. It has survived the departure of John E. Deasy. the superintendent who introduced it (Hite, his successor, strongly supports it), and has been insulated(隔绝) from the financial difficulties of the recession by a five-year, $17 million federal grant to improve teacher perfo
14、rmance.Donald Briscoe, president of the teachers union, said he had not heard many complaints about the size of the bonuses or how they have been administered. “This office has not heard from many of those teachers, in a negative way, at all,“ Briscoe said. “As a matter of fact, 1 cant think of one.
15、 “Elana Posner, a social studies teacher at Nicholas Orem Middle School in Hyattsville, said she was given about $1,500 in bonus money. “From my standpoint, 7 I think its a great idea, “ she said. “Its an even playing field. Its an incentive for what you do, and you are getting paid for it. I just d
16、idnt see it hinder anybody. We get observed anyway, and I didnt see it bring anybody down. “Doris A. Reed, executive director of the Association of Supervisory and Administrative School Personnel, the union that represents principals and assistant principals, was cooler toward the initiative.“The un
17、ion isnt really involved in it, because its a voluntary program. We dont really say yea or nay, “ Reed said. “Now, where we do have a problem is even though theyre saying its voluntary, its voluntary for the teachers, but the administrators are really forced to participate. Because if youre the prin
18、cipal of a school, and your teachers say they want to participate, and you dont, you still have to do all their evaluations. “Hite said all 12 principals at the dozen schools had participated in the program, and that their schools were selected in part because of the principals willingness to volunt
19、eer.“I think that the program, it is definitely valid,“ said Denise Lynch, principal of Bradbury Heights Elementary School in Capitol Heights. “It is a lot of work, yes, but it produces an awful lot from the teacher perspective as well as the administrative perspective. What it does, is it gives us
20、a framework for really having in-depth discussion for the instruction that is taking place and how teachers are improving their strategies and their approach, and how administrators can help them improve their craft. “Hite said there were some signs that teacher retention had improved, but its too e
21、arly to say whether the program has improved academic skills.（分数：49.00）(1).In Maryland, a number of teachers and administrators whose schools participate a program that _ are paid about one million.A. offers extra money based on teaching performanceB. pays bonuses to schools who volunteered for a pr
22、ogramC. judges classroom performance by schools financial abilityD. links money paid to the school to its classroom conditions（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reason for the gap between the maximum bonus offered and the actual amount teachers get is due to _.A. teachers incompetence B. the tie between bonus
23、es and test scoresC. the unreasonable structure D. the difficulty to meet all the demands（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What made union leaders put aside the idea of merit pay for teachers and principals?A. They consider its unfair to link pay to evaluation and state exam.B. They worry about the potential inf
24、luence of consequent competition.C. This idea is too old and unpractical.D. In this way raises for all teachers will harm labor solidarity.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to “Race to the Top“ federal grants offered by Arne Duncan, schools _.A. will be colored failures if they fail to improve scoresB.
25、 must link teacher pay to classroom skillsC. are encouraged to make acceptable innovative changesD. will be awarded for embracing politically toxic policies（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What do we learn about Mayor Michael R. Bloombergs announcement?A. It is a new program launched last month in New York.B. I
26、t demands teachers of public schools to earn tenure through standardized exams.C. It will probably be promoted nationwide.D. Its overemphasis on test scores is confronted with disagreement.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What is mentioned about The Prince Georges program which is unusual?A. It gained the suppo
27、rt of many administrators.B. Although a lot of teachers complain about it, its in fact very effective.C. It was protected from the recession by a grant from the government.D. The teachers union is not quite confident in it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).How does Elana Posner view the bonus she was given?A. It
28、 benefits her in several ways. B. The amount should be increased.C. She doesnt care if it binders anybody. D. It makes people get observed too much.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Doris A. Reed, executive director of the Association of Supervisory and Administrative School Personnel said that if teachers are wil
29、ling to take part in the program, administrators 1 is thus required.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.The principal of Bradbury Heights Elementary School agrees with the 1 of the program.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.Based on Denise Lynchs point of view, the program is meant to provide a framework for in-depth discussion for i
30、nstructions and how teachers are improving academic（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. She is offended.B. She can not understand why he wants to transfer to a different department.C. She thinks it is a good way to solve the mans problem.D. She does n
31、ot like the mans work, anyway.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. In a restaurant. B. In a hospital.C. In a hotel. D. At a railway station.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The interest rates are high.B. The man wants some advice on how to invest.C. The woman suggests investing money in one place.D. The woman does not wa
32、nt to help him.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The man has trouble in downloading the software.B. The woman doubts that the man did not follow the instructions closely.C. The man is very good at operating computers.D. The man knows nothing about computers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Everybody likes to listen to
33、 him. B. Professor Blake isnt popular in the class.C. Professor Blake is a wonderful teacher.D. No one knows Professor Blake.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The man wants some information about the content of Economics.B. The man likes studying very much.C. The woman wants to get into some reading beforehan
34、d.D. The woman will give the reading list to the man next week.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She thought it was especially quiet in the morning.B. She liked it very much because it was quiet.C. She was impressed by the quietness in the evening there.D. She expected it to be a noisy place.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.
35、(3).A. Students are forbidden to park their cars on campus.B. Postgraduates can park their cars on campus.C. Undergraduate students can park their cars on campus.D. Neither of the postgraduate and undergraduate students can park their cars on campus.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on t
36、he conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. How to place orders.B. The womans history class.C. The history of American catalog business.D. The relationship between farmers and Ward.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. For her study.B. To order some filing cabinet.C. To buy something to decorate her dorm
37、itory room.D. To find some topics to discuss in the class.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The farmers liked to order from catalogs because of the lower prices.B. If the farmers ordered a lot of things they could get a refund for one of them.C. Wards business was popular among farmers because it was convenie
38、nt for them to order from catalogs.D. Some small stores were driven out of the business because they didnt give refund to farmers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The catalogs were helpful with the study of students.B. They used the catalogs to place orders.C. Their textbooks were not as good as the catalogs
39、.D. The prices of things in the catalogs were low.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Its light-weight and small. B. It has metal filters.C. It looks like a straw. D. Its large but necessary.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Salt. B. Chemical
40、pollutants.C. Germs. D. Minerals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The water it draws changes color. B. The straw stops drawing water.C. From the built-in measuring device of it. D. By measuring the amount of water.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are bused on the pass
41、age you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. The industry revolution.B. The supply of goods is more than the demand for it.C. The modern printing technology.D. The development of newspaper and pamphlets.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The pictures painted on the walls of buildings.B. The ones appeared in newspa
42、pers.C. Signs on shop doors.D. Sample products.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They were of modern standard. B. They were whole page spreads.C. They were usually on the front page. D. They were important in marketing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To look at the advertisements in the early form.B. To look at the a
43、dvertisements during the printing crest period.C. To look at the advertisements during the industry revolution.D. To look at the advertisements in the modern time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are bused on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. They might have problems wit
44、h clear thinking.B. They might become angry easily.C. They might have trouble controlling their emotions.D. They might become overweight.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They do not perform well at school. B. They look more tired.C. They look very energetic. D. They are easily angry.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. T
45、he studies might be helpful to prevent adults from sleeping problems.B. The studies might offer guides for doctors to use when testing for sleep problems.C. The studies might be helpful to make children energetic again.D. The studies might provide materials on how to stay healthy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Pa
46、ssage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are bused on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. It is produced in Las Vegas, Nevada.B. It is produced by nuclear power industries in America.C. It is produced by power centers in Yucca Mountain.D. It is produced by the American citizens.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2
47、).A. The transportation to Yucca Mountain is convenient.B. The source of the waste is close to Yucca Mountain.C. Yucca Mountain is high to protect against terrorist attacks.D. Yucca Mountain is an unpopulated and rain-lacking place.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The waste might pollute the underground wate
48、r.B. The project might be destroyed by the rocks rolling down in earthquakes.C. The nuclear waste might be robbed by terrorists during the travel.D. The radioactive material will endanger the population during the travel.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The United States government wants
49、to know what the public thinks about its findings on the safety of (36) animals.The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat. An FDA (37) called them “as safe to eat as the food we eat every day. “And when those clones (38) sexually, the agency says, their (39) are safe to eat as well. But research on cloned sheep is
