1、大学四级-1810 及答案解析(总分：719.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.近年来，越来越多的人喜欢自驾游2产生这种现象的原因3我的观点Self-drive Tourism（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：77.00)What Makes a Great TeacherDavid Camerons proclamation betrays the fact that he doesnt know anything about teaching. As a teacher in va
2、rious comprehensives for the past 20 years, I have seen many good teachers, and some graduate with good degrees from so-called “good universities. “ But Ive also met a great many excellent teachers who wouldnt have passed his test. Some didnt have degrees in their chosen subjects; others didnt have
3、degrees at all.Camerons mistake is to think qualifications make a good teacher. They dont. Take Lesley, a high-powered business executive. She had everything: a great degree, excellent organisational skills and good communication skills. Yet she failed in the classroom because she was so impatient w
4、ith her pupils: nothing they did was good enough. Whereas her employees had tolerated her endless nit-picking (找茬), her pupils became disaffected.David was another illustration of the shortcomings of Camerons policy: he had a first-class degree from Oxford. I observed him teach what I felt was a rel
5、atively well-behaved class of 12-year-olds. A quarter of an hour in, it was clear that none of the children had the slightest idea what he was talking about; the class began talking, then throwing his elaborate worksheets around the class. Ironically, it was his support teacher, who didnt have a deg
6、ree at all, who rescued the lesson by explaining in clear English what was required.If you dont have the right personality, youll suffer in todays classrooms. In my experience, there are four types of teacher who are effective: the despot(暴君), the carer, the charmer, and the rebel. And none of them,
7、 in my experience, requires an upper-class degree.Ive come across many despotic teachers in my career. They are the Terminator or Lara Croft of teaching; the tough guy or gal who everyone turns to when the going gets really tough. They are nearly always very experienced teachers who know not only al
8、l the pupils but their parents, too, having taught many of them. During my first year of teaching, one of my classes rioted, pushed all the furniture out of my room, swore at me and blew cigarette smoke in my face. I called in the cigar-chomping despot of my school, the deputy head, and he blasted t
9、hem away with a sound telling off.Most people dont advocate this approach to teaching, but I have to admit it can be very effective. Despotic teachers often extract fantastic work from their pupils, and their reputations are usually enough. They arc often highly organised, and in my experience nearl
10、y always achieve above-average results, because they teach the syllabus to the last letter.The opposite of the despot is the caring teacher. Without wanting to stereotype too much, many carers are women. They become deputy parents for their pupils. Many dont have degrees, and have been appointed as
11、“mentors“ or “support teachers“ to help struggling pupils plan out their lives working out ways in which they can do their work most effectively. Usually, pupils love seeing their mentors, and learn from them the vital skill of “taking responsibility for their own learning. “ Ive taught some pupils
12、who were really going off the rails taking drugs, skipping school, getting into fights yet when they were taken under the wing of one of these teachers, they transformed and blossomed.Unlike the despot, the caring teacher works with lots of people: parents, other teachers, social workers. What she o
13、r he manages to do is make pupils see they can control and shape their own lives. The teacher might mother her charges to death in the process, but the end result is nearly always a happy pupil who has achieved very much against the odds.The “charmer“, on the other hand, is quite different from both
14、 these previous kinds of the teaching profession. They can be a disorganised species. They are frequently highly academic, and are in teaching to be mates with their pupils, to understand them and play with them. With this sort of teacher, the classroom becomes one great big, bouncing playground of
15、learning.Take Martin, one of the best teachers Ive come across, who would totally change direction mid-lesson if hit by some new inspiration. He was very disorganised, but did everything with a wink and a smile.Finally, theres the most controversial but often most effective kind of teacher: the rebe
16、l. These teachers see school as a place that should aim to transform society. They are also a dying breed.Using thinkers such as Karl Marx and the Brazilian educational philosopher Paulo Freire, they believe that our children have been brainwashed by our capitalistic society into making certain assu
17、mptions about inequality, exploitation, injustice. They see the classroom as the place where these children can be “deprogrammed“ and make amazing teachers because they are so passionate and persuasive. In the staffroom, they frequently rage against the system. Even if you disagree with their politi
18、cs, you have to admit they deliver blinding lessons, whatever their subject.But the crucial point here is that none of these teachers learned their skills by getting a good degree: they learned them on the job. All could improve by watching other good teachers in the classroom and learning from thei
19、r techniques. However, there are some “generic“ traits which should be borne in mind when discussing whats best for our schools.Research shows that all the best teachers motivate their pupils to work hard, and assess them very regularly. Recently, I feel Ive improved my teaching because Ive learned
20、more about assessing my pupils frequently; instead of concentrating upon my teaching, Ive looked more closely at what my pupils are learning and tailored my lessons accordingly.Instead of discouraging teachers with his ill-informed comments about what makes a good teacher, Cameron should commit hims
21、elf to putting proper money and time into training the existing teachers in the system. His current policy, if implemented, wont improve the standards of teaching, and will instead further dishearten an already discouraged profession.（分数：49.00）(1).Lesley had everything for a good teacher EXCEPT _.A.
22、 a great academic degree B. excellent organization skillsC. good communication skills D. quality such as patience（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Davids support teacher saved the lesson by _.A. obtaining a degree from Oxford B. getting the class began talkingC. explaining the requirement in clear English D. mak
23、ing the 12-year-olds behave well（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The kind of tough yet effective teachers like Terminator or Lara Croft are called _.A. despots B. carers C. charmers D. rebels（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The “charmer“ such as Martin has the following qualities EXCEPT that _.A. he is highly academic B. h
24、e is well-organizedC. he is very friendly D. he is quite optimistic（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The most controversial but often most effective kind of teacher has the following qualities EXCEPT that _.A. he is very rebellious B. he is quite assumingC. he is always passionate D. he tends to be persuasive（分数
25、：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The best teachers share some “generic“ traits EXCEPT that they _.A. motivate their pupils to work hard B. assess their pupils very regularlyC. concentrate more upon teaching D. tailor lessons according to the pupils（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What attitude does the author have towards Cam
26、erons current policy?A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Supportive. D. Oppositive.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.According to the passage, Camerons mistake is to think that a good teacher requires 1.（分数：14.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_2.The author thinks a teacher will suffer in todays classroom if he doesnt have 1.（分数：7.00）填空项
27、 1:_3.A critical point is that in stead of learning their skills by getting a good degree, good teachers learn them 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. She has not applied to any companies yet.B. She will begin working in a few weeks.C. She does no
28、t yet know if a company will accept her.D. She is too busy to contact the company right now.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Her brother borrowed her motorcycle. B. Her brother gave her a ride on his motorcycle.C. She rode her brothers motorcycle. D. She bought her brother a motorcycle.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A
29、. Find an easier way to finish the project.B. Talk to his boss about getting help with the project.C. Stop trying to work so hard.D. Make the project easier for his boss to understand.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Go to the symphony later in the year. B. Take symphony lessons with his roommate.C. Get a sc
30、hedule of future performances. D. Get a ticket from his roommate.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. He is an excellent carpenter. B. He said the right thing.C. He is a violent person. D. He prefers to work only with his head.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. It is the first time they have climbed the mountain.B. They th
31、ink it is not worth to climb the mountain.C. They hope to climb the mountain again when they are old.D. They found it hard to climb the mountain this time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He has a very high phone bill this month, too.B. The woman should contact the phone company.C. The woman should make fewe
32、r long-distance calls.D. Hell help the woman pay her phone bill.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Shes had enough of having to work on her ship.B. She needs to work less on her ship than she did in the past.C. She would like the man to work on her ship.D. She doesnt eat on her ship anymore.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Qu
33、estions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. The current apartment is too noisy.B. The current apartment is not convenient to go to work.C. The heating system does not work well.D. The owner of the current apartment is unpleasant.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She has
34、 to tell the owner two months in advance about her moving out.B. She must inform the housing authorities of her problem.C. She can complain to the owner.D. She has to leave there by the end of the month.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. A comfortable place with cheap rent. B. An old apartment with quiet surro
35、undings.C. A quiet place near the seaside. D. A small room on high-rises.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Rent would be very expensive. B. Public transportation wouldnt be available.C. Apartments there are too far. D. Apartments there tend to be noisy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conv
36、ersation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Steves health problems.B. The mans problems with his workaholic boss.C. The womans relationship with her manager.D. Problems that Steve has with his workloads.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Whether to accept his bosss job offer.B. Whether to apply to transfer t
37、o another place.C. Whether to find a new job.D. Whether to ask for an extension.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She would like to work for the man.B. She wants the man to work less than before.C. She wants the man to talk to his boss.D. She likes to work in New York.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.
38、00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. The open sea. B. Fresh water streams.C. Shallow seawater. D. Big rivers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The salmon have to travel a long way in the sea.B. The salmon are exposed to the danger of being killed.C. Th
39、e salmon have to go up rivers.D. The salmon are usually tired and hurt.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. About a year. B. More than ten years.C. A few months. D. A few years.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Through the evaporation of
40、blood. B. Through shedding tears.C. Through the evaporation of sweat. D. Using a kind of temperature controller.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Almost constant. B. Hotter than our hands, arms, legs and feet.C. Varying. D. The same as our skin.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. By a temperature controller in our brains
41、.B. By blood vessels constricting and dilating.C. By the amount of blood passing it. D. All of the above.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The bodys blood vessel structure. B. The bodys internal heat.C. The bodys hair growth. D. The bodys muscle arrangement.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are
42、 based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Possible solution to chemical pollution.B. The necessity to pass new environmental laws.C. The mission of scientists and economists in fighting chemical pollution.D. The irresponsibility of the government.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Notify the p
43、ublic of the dangers of chemicals in the environment.B. Inform governments about the high economical costs of chemicals.C. Press large industrial companies to pay more attention to waste disposal.D. Remind governments of the economic benefits of chemicals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They are responsible
44、 for chemical pollution.B. They are behaving in an extremely responsible way.C. They are unwilling to stop the use of certain chemicals.D. They are blind to the harm of chemicals to peoples health.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Human beings are never satisfied. They have always wanted t
45、hings to be easier, faster, more comfortable or more (36) . Human history is the history of inventions. Various as they are, inventions (37) heavily in the progress of society and mankind. They serve as a ladder for (38) as well as for the evolution of man.An invention is something totally (39) , so
46、mething that nobody else has thought of. It may be something (40) , like a new machine, or it may be a new way of doing something, like the (41) of production methods in a factory. The earliest inventions, like boats and weapons, were simple but effective ways of meeting basic need and were develope
47、d (42) by people in different parts of the world who needed to travel or to hunt. Modern inventions are more technical and more (43) . If you come up with a totally new idea, the first thing to do is to register your invention at the Patent Office. (44) . Early this century, someone suggested that t
48、he Patent Office could be closed because everything had already been invented! (45) .However, it seems that we are inventing more technology than we need. (46) . Nevertheless, the flow of inventions continues.（分数：77.00）(1).Human beings are never satisfied. They have always wanted things to be easier
49、, faster, more comfortable or more (36) . Human history is the history of inventions. Various as they are, inventions (37) heavily in the progress of society and mankind. They serve as a ladder for (38) as well as for the evolution of man.An invention is something totally (39) , something that nobody else has thought of. It may be something (40) , like
