1、大学四级-1804 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Retirement Age Be Postponed? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1近年来推迟退休年龄引起人们的热议2推迟退休年龄有利也有弊3我的看法Shou
2、ld Retirement Age Be Postponed?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)On Food Safety, a Long List But Little MoneyThis summer there has been a drumbeat of food-related illnesses. Strawberries containing E. coli (大肠杆菌) killed one person in Oregon and sickened at least nine others. Imported p
3、apayas (木瓜) contaminated with salmonella (沙门氏菌) poisoned more than 200 people nationwide, with one dead.The landmark food safety law passed by Congress last December is supposed to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, but the roll call of recent cases underlines the importance
4、of the task.“Its an enormous undertaking,“ said Mike Taylor, the Food and Drug Administrations deputy commissioner for foods, whose job is to turn the far-reaching law into a coherent set of rules that farmers, food processors and importers can follow and regulators can enforce.The agency is taking
5、on the expanded mission at a time when Washington budget-slashing (大幅消减预算) means that regulators have little hope of getting additional money and may instead have their budgets cut by Congress. Mr. Taylor said they didnt have resources to implement the law.“The choice is we either find the resources
6、 or we give up implementing this law. You cant build something brand-new without the resources to do it. “The agency is now in the process of writing the food safety rules, with the goal of preventing outbreaks like those this summer.One of the most complex jobs involves setting standards for farmer
7、s to grow and harvest fruits and vegetables safely. The first draft of the farm rifles is due early next year. The agency is expected to deal with basics like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation water and measures to protect fields from wild animals that can track in bacteri
8、a.Yet the standards must take into account a huge variety of crops, farming practices and farm sizes.The task is all the more delicate because the agency has never before had a major presence on American farms.For a year and a half, well before Congress passed the food safety law, Mr. Taylor has vis
9、ited farmers around the country and sought to ease their fears that an army of food safety officials will come storming through their fields telling them how to do their jobs.Recently, he visited Long Island, where he traveled through the sandy fields of the 30-acre Deer Run lettuce farm of Bob Nola
10、n in Brookhaven with steps.Mr. Nolan said he was initially anxious about the new law but was now eager to help the agency make it work for farmers. Mr. Taylor was joined by several agency employees involved in writing the farm rules, and Mr. Nolan told them that he hoped the visit would help them be
11、tter understand how a farm worked.The complexity of the F. D. A. s task became clear as the day went on. At the second stop, a potato farm in Riverhead, the owner Jimmy Zilnicki said that he knew little about what the government expected of him.“Were all just trying to find out what this food safety
12、 thing is all about,“ he said. Besides, he argued, potatoes were a safe crop and he questioned whether it was worth including them in rood satety rules.Mr. Taylor told him the F. D. A. s job was to focus most of its efforts where the food safety risks were greatest.The third stop was a 65-acre organ
13、ic farm in Riverhead, run by Eve Kaplan Walbrecht and her husband, Chris. They grow a dizzying rank of crops, most of which they sell directly to customers through farmers markets and buying clubs.They, too, had made costly improvements with an eye toward food safety, including building a large proc
14、essing shed with a concrete floor, treated water, a bathroom and refrigerated storage. The new law remits (减轻,减免) small farms that average less than $ 500, 000 a year in sales and sell mostly to local customers. But Ms Kaplan Walbrecht said that her farm brings in too much money to qualify for the e
15、xemption.She worried that the new law could become a burden for small farmers, either by adding paperwork or by unleashing (不加管束的) regulators with little understanding of how a farm worked.But while farmers worry that the rules will be too severe, food safety advocates worry that budget cuts could r
16、ender the law toothless.The Congressional Budget Office has said the F. D. A. will need hundreds of millions of dollars in new financing to execute the law, and there appears little chance that Mr. Taylor will get it.The Republican-controlled House of Representatives has passed a budget that largely
17、 eliminates new money for the F. D. A. The Democrat-controlled Senate has not made its own proposal. But advocates fear that the new Congressional super committee that is to propose cuts under the debt ceiling deal could further decrease the agencys finances.A budget freeze or cuts would have the gr
18、eatest impact on the ambitious increase in inspections called for under the new law, which strengthen each year.“Writing rules is inexpensive; enforcing them is expensive,“ said David W. Acheson, a former associate commissioner of the F. D. A. who is now a food safety consultant. “There will be a pu
19、blic health impact because enforcement wont be to the extent they want to do it. “The agency has already said that, without lots of new money, it wont be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections the law would require after a few years. Increasing domestic inspections would be diffic
20、ult, too. The F. D. A. has about 1, 000 inspectors trained to visit food establishments but most of them also inspect drug and medical device facilities. Hiring new inspectors or retraining existing ones is costly.So far, Mr. Taylor has won praise for the introduction of the new law.“Ive never seen
21、the agency go at anything with such enthusiasm,“ said Carol L. Tucker Foreman, a food policy expert at the Consumer Federation of America. But she feared that without a higher budget, the agency would take shortcuts. The law requires the most frequent inspections at the riskiest facilities and Ms Tu
22、cker Foreman questioned whether the agency would simply classify fewer operations as high risk to make its job easier.Mr. Taylor said that would not happen. “Were not going to game the system,“ he said.（分数：49.00）(1).In order to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, the Congress
23、_.A) expanded the food markets nationwide C) passed the food safety lawB) readjusted the structure of the market D) reduced the export of the fruits（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does the agency have no enough resources to implement the food safety law according to Mr. Taylor?A. The government cuts down t
24、he budget greatly.B. The government refuses funding the agency.C. The agency overspends on performing other missions.D. The Congress appropriates the budget.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the F. D.A. is supposed to _.A) deal with the problems of E. coli in fruits C) implement the foo
25、d safety law this yearB) cope with the basic food safety problems D) reduce the budgets as much as possible（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We can learn from Mr. Taylors visiting farmers around the country that _.A. a group of soldiers will be sent to help the farmers in the futureB. no officials helped the far
26、mers with the food safety problem beforeC. the farmers were fearful to put the food safety law into effectD. the food safety officials will help the farmers to boost yields（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Different from the farmers, food safety advocates concern that _.A. the new law will become a burden for bo
27、th small and large farmsB. the law will reduce the farmers income by average of $ 500, 000 a yearC. the budget cuts will make the law lack of the necessary force for effectivenessD. there arent many ways to raise enough money to implement the law（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The budget freeze or cuts would h
28、ave the most influence on _.A) the productivity of the farms C) the increasing inspectionsB) the ambition of the F. D.A. D) the economic development（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Why there will be a public health impact according to David W. Acheson?A. Because the new law wont be implemented as it is expected
29、.B. Because writing rules and enforcing them are expensive.C. Because enforcing the new law need more time to perform.D. Because there is no advanced methods to implement the law.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.The agency argued that the foreign food inspections wont be able to be enforced due to lacking _.（分数：7
30、.00）填空项 1:_3.Carol was afraid that the F. D. A. will cut corners if there was no _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.The most frequent inspections are demanded by the law to be operated on _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. He will cook dinner for the woman. B. H
31、e forgot to go to the store. C. The woman shouldnt eat the beef.D. The woman should eat in the open air.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She read a different book. B. She also found the book difficult. C. She didnt remember the title of the book.D. She has learned a lot about names.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Ch
32、eck his phone bill again. B. Write letters instead of calling. C. Stop to use the phone for a month.D. Keep a record of his phone calls.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. It won in spite of poor play. B. It should have won the game. C. It played well at the last game.D. It has to play at least one game.（分数：7.0
33、0）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The supermarket is out of coffee.B. There is no room to store coffee.C. The man is likely to buy a lot of coffee.D. The woman will wait for a better deal on coffee.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. How the man feels about the news. B. Whether the man is going to lose his job. C. Where the man
34、 heard the news.D. Why the man is going to the store.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Pay for some of the picnic food. B. Insist on choosing their own food. C. Treat Debbie to dinner some other time.D. Thank Debbie for her generous offer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Go to dinner and theatre with her friends.B. Po
35、stpone her meeting with Prof. Davison.C. talk with Prof. Davison after class.D. Give a speech in Prof. Davisons class.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. She cant find an apartment in west town.B. Her apartment needs lots of repair w
36、ork. C. Her roommate doesnt share the expense.D. She is having trouble with her landlady.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She had to buy a new microwave oven herself.B. She couldnt find anyone to repair the microwave oven.C. The woman didnt ask her permission for repair.D. The woman didnt pay the full rent.（
37、分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He has relevant knowledge. B. He is a relative of the landlady. C. He has similar experience.D. He has an apartment for rent.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. It is designed by a man called Twendy.B. It has t
38、wenty-one major components.C. It is the 21st century version of former Wendy.D. It is invented in the 21st century.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To take care of the old people. B. To prepare and serve breakfast. C. To deal with delicate tasks.D. To deal with labor-demanding tasks.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. A
39、ppearance identical to real human beings. B. Automatic solar energy charging system.C. Three languages for users to choose from.D. Sensors to balance strength and flexibility.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. A female nurse with big eyes and long hair.B. A tall male doctor with square glasses.C. An imagined i
40、mage from outer space.D. An elderly person in good health condition.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Hollywood moviemaking history. B. Biggest stars in history. C. A brief History of MGM.D. Wonderf
41、ul movies in history.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It was jointly founded by two separate movies studios.B. It set the standards by which other studios were judged.C. It gave a severe blow to the television programs.D. It donated all its great movies to the national library.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They we
42、re paid low salaries. B. They were neglected by big stars. C. They were cultivated into big stars.D. They were sent to the battle fields.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. It will go bankrupt soon. B. It will reconstruct old studios. C. It will reproduce its old movies.D. It will go toward a better prospect.（分
43、数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. People and stories from Bible. B. Influential people and their books. C. Political leaders of their country.D. Landscape, plants and animals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They are considered harmful
44、to the Middle East.B. They are more difficult to be painted vividly.C. They are considered unholy in their religion.D. They are less beautiful than flower designs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To beautify peoples faces and bodies.B. To invite gods to enter peoples life. C. To decorate peoples masks and cl
45、othes.D. To influence peoples religious feelings.（分数：7.00）_Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. It is completely free to native citizens.B. It is advocated by a small group of people.C. It is of very good quality.D. It doesnt permit pets entry
46、.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They consider it a motion exercise. B. They are provided with good lanes. C. They want to compete with buses.D. They need to go to work on time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They are beautiful accessories to bicycles.B. They are necessary when weather changes. C. They can control
47、the riders speed.D. They can reduce pollution to the air.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Civil engineering is one of the oldest and most extensive branches of engineering. It focuses on (36) of public works like transportation, water treatment, government buildings, public (37) such as a
48、irports and train stations, and other large scale projects which benefit the public. A civil engineer must be able to design safe structures which meet standard (38) in the regions that they are being built in. These structures must be designed with (39) efficiency, and other economic (40) in mind as well to ensure that they will (41) through years of use.The qualifications to become a civil engineer vary by nation, but generally the position requires at least a four year degree. People who are interested in a career in civil engineering should plan on taking large amounts of math a
