1、大学四级-1791 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).A. She copied another course guide. C. She went to the library instead.B. She decided to skip class. D. She shared a friends course guide.（分数：7.10）A.B
2、.C.D.(2).A. He forgot his office number. C. He doesnt want to work.B. He went to the language laboratory. D. He needs to think about it.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Start writing at once. C. Come up with another idea.B. Ask for his friends suggestions. D. Get the professors approval.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).
3、A. He has been on vacation the whole month. C. He has benefited from the womans help.B. He finds the work as hard as ever. D. Hes thinking of working for the woman.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She will watch the movie later. C. Her television set isnt working.B. Her watch is broken. D. She will watch TV
4、while she eats.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She has done half of it already. C. They have all semester to do it.B. She agrees that it is very long. D. Theres nothing wrong with it.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The man couldnt attend the festival. C. The man would pick her up earlier.B. The festival would be ce
5、lebrated for seven days. D. There would be thirty people attending the festival.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He thinks children can be satisfied easily.B. He thinks the publishers shouldnt produce so many junk books.C. He thinks we are short of good childrens books.D. He thinks children have no taste at
6、all.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She was invited only for the weekend. C. She had an appointment.B. The weather was too hot. D. She had schoolwork to do.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She had to go home. C. She had to finish her schoolwork.B. She was too tired to continue. D. She was thirsty.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3
7、).A. The water was too cold. C. She doesnt know how to swim.B. The water was too deep. D. She didnt have enough time.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Whether or not snowflakes can be analyzed. C. What causes a snowstorm.B. How snowflakes are formed. D. Where the largest snowflakes can be found.（分数：7.10）A.B.C
8、.D.(2).A. She has never seen snow before. C. She wants to make artificial snow.B. She is conducting a research on snow. D. She has just read about snowflakes.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The shape of the dust particles in the air. C. The temperature of the air.B. The relative humidity. D. The geography o
9、f the area.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Inspect snowflakes more carefully. C. Write down more information.B. Make a copy of the article. D. Draw diagrams of the different shapes.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. To explain a new requirement for graduation.B. T
10、o interest students in a community service project.C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students.D. To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He advises students participating in a special program.B. He teaches part-time in an elementary school.C.
11、 He observes elementary school students in the classroom.D. He helps students prepare their resumes.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Contact the elementary school. C. Submit a resume to the dean.B. Sign up for a special class. D. Talk to Professor Howard.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. T
12、he use of oversized freight containers. C. The growth of the automotive industry.B. Safety problems with railroad tracks. D. The high cost of meeting environmental regulations.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To make the railway operation safer. C. To meet the demand of shipping larger loads.B. To offer pass
13、engers more comfortable journeys. D. To connect the railway network with the highways.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It contributes less to air pollution than truck industry.B. Its competitors are inconsiderate of customers.C. It preserves a traditional way of doing business.D. It creates personal fortunes
14、 for investors.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(1).A. They took objective tests. C. They spoke instead of writing.B. They specialized in one subject. D. They were timed by electric clocks.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Modem industry must have developed before the Middle Ages.B. Modem indus
15、try must have developed around the 19th century.C. Modem industry must have developed in Greece or Rome.D. Modem industry must have developed machines to take tests.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Objective tests. C. Personal tests,B. Spoken tests. D. Subjective tests.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The features of
16、 the exams in the Middle Ages.B. How did the forms of exams evolve.C. How to perform well in both spoken and written exams.D. The different exams designed for people of different ages.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Baroness Thatcher is at the centre of a new row at Oxford University aft
17、er plans to name a building after Britains first female Prime Minister were (26) .Some (27) are hoping to snub one of the universitys most illustrious alumnae againmore than 25 years after protests there (28) her being denied an honorary degree. Thatcher became the first Oxford educated Prime Minist
18、er since the Second World War to be refused an (29) degree from the University in 1985 following student (30) amidst cuts to education.And now, a new revolt could halt plans to name a new facility after her. Oxford (31) and Syrian born billionaire Wafic Said is said to have donated 15 million toward
19、s a new (32) at Oxfords Said Business School, due to open in the autumn, and has indicated that he wants to name it after the women he describes as “lioness“.But the news is not being welcomed by everyone.Speaking to the Daily Telegraph, Bernard Sufrin, a fellow at Worcester College, said signatorie
20、s would be “ (33) “ to force a vote against the “inconceivable“ plans.He said “I hope that those responsible for naming the building will take advice from thosenow retired leading members of the University who oversaw the (34) failure of an honorary degree for Mrs. Thatcher being proposed only to be
21、 rejected by (35) the Congregation./（分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common (36) range from bad-mout
22、hing (说的坏话) another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much, according to a study (37) on Tuesday.Most workers attend so-called happy hours to (38) with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear the latest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey cond
23、ucted for CareerBuilder. com, an online job site.As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow, 16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague, 10 percent shared a secret about a colleague, 8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much and acted (39) . 5 percent said they ha
24、d shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent (40) to singing karaoke.While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for (41) ,85 percent said attending had not helped them get (42) to someone higher up or get a better position.An equal number of men and women said they attend ha
25、ppy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least (43) to attend.Overall, 21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those, (44) a quarter go at least once a month.The survey was (45) online by Harris Interactive on behalf of Ca
26、reerBuilder. com among 6,987 full-time employees.A. bond I. conductedB. acknowledged J. idlyC. nearly K. unprofessionallyD. specially L. networkingE. anywhere M. releasedF. mishaps N. confessedG. obligated O. researchedH. likely（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
27、_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A. The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What will happen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographe
28、rs(人中统计学家) expect, and a growing proportion of these people can afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity?B. Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Westem-centric approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in glo
29、bal forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled (富有的) NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable.C. A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Bos
30、ton Consulting Group (BCG) identifies 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies (which the study calls “the new sustainability champions“) are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and for
31、ge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West.D. The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitations (of resources, labor and infrastructure) into opportunities. Thus, Indias Shree Cement, which
32、has 10ng suffered from water shortages, developed the worlds most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage and illegal tapping, from 63% in
33、1997 to 12% in 2010 by making water affordable for the poor. Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese aquaculture (水产养殖) company, recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops.E. Setting green goal
34、s is a common practice. Sekem, an Egyptian food producer, set itself the task of reclaiming (开垦) desert land through organic farming. Florida Ice & Farm, a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adopted strict standards for the amount of water it can consume in producing drinks.F. These firms measu
35、re themselves by their greenery, too. Florida Ice & Farm, for example, links 60% of its bosss pay to the triple bottom line of “people, planet and profit“. The sustainability champions also encourage their workers to come up with green ideas. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company, gives bonuses to s
36、taff who find ways to reduce the firms impact on the environment. Masisa, a Chilean forestry company, invites employees to “imagine unimaginable businesses“ aimed at poorer consumers. Woolworths, a South African retailer, claims that many of its best green ideas have come from staff, not bosses.G. I
37、n emerging markets it is hard for companies to stick to one specialism, because they have to worry about so many wider problems, from humble infrastructure to unreliable supply chains. So the sustainability champions seek to shape the business environment in which they operate. They lobby (游说) regul
38、ators: Grupo Balbo, a Brazilian organic-sugar producer, is working with the Brazilian government to establish a certification system for organic products. They form partnerships with governments and NGOs. Kenyas Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The International Fund for Agricu
39、ltural Development to reduce its risks when lending to smallholders. Natura has worked with its suppliers to produce sustainable packaging, including a new “green“ plastic derived from sugar cane.H. The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term profits to
40、 create future markets. Masisa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low-income furniture buyers. Broad Group has developed a miniature device for measuring air pollution that can fit into mobile phones. Jain Irrigation, an Indian maker of irrigation systems, uses dance and s
41、ong to explain the benefits of drip irrigation to farmers who cant read. Suntech, a Chinese solar-power company, has established a low- carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions. Rich because green, or green because rich?I. One could quibble (争辩) with BCGs analysis. Phil R
42、osenzweig of Switzerlands IMD business school has argued that management writers are prone to “the halo effect“: they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has discovered some eternal principle of good management. The fact that some successful companies have embraced greenery doe
43、s not prove that greenery makes a firm successful. Some firms, having prospered, find they can afford to splurge (挥霍) on greenery. Some successful firms pursue greenery for public-relations purposes. And for every sustainable emerging champion, there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by belch
44、ing (喷出) fumes into the air or pumping toxins into rivers.J. Nonetheless, the central message of the WEF-BCG studythat some of the best emerging-world companies are combining profits with greeneryis thought-provoking. Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich-world luxury: that the po
45、or need adequate food before they need super-clean air. Some even see greenery as a rich-world conspiracy (阴谋): the West grew rich by industrializing (and polluting), but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit. The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown. Emerg
46、ing-world companies can be just as green as their Western rivals. Many have found that, when natural resources are scarce and consumers are cash-strapped (资金短缺的), greenery can be a lucrative (利润丰厚的) business strategy.（分数：71.00）(1).An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to
47、 supply its machines with power.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(2).Many critics of environmentalism hold the view that greenery is a rich-world luxury because thats not what the poor people badly want.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(3).Workers of the sustainability champions are motivated to bring forward green ideas.（分数：7.10）填空
48、项 1:_(4).It is meaningful to study what successful companies in the emerging world are doing to achieve more sustainable growth, since most people live there.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(5).Its difficult for companies in emerging markets to keep focusing on one specific problem because they have many wider problems to worry about.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(6).Althou
