1、大学四级-1689 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1. The Best Parents1生活中存在三种类型的父母：纵任型(permissive)，专制型(autocratic)，权威型 (authoritative)2不同类型的父母教育子女的方式不同3哪种类型的父母最有益于孩子的成长（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Lessons from the TitanicFrom the comfort of our modern lives we te
2、nd to look back at the mm of the twentieth century as a dangerous time for sea travelers. With limited communication facilities, and shipping technology still in its infancy in the early nineteen hundreds, we consider ocean travel to have been a risky business. But to the people of the time it was o
3、ne of the safest forms of transport. At the time of the Titanics maiden voyage in 1912, there had only been four lives lost in the previous forty years on passenger ships on the North Atlantic crossing. And the Titanic was confidently proclaimed to be unsinkable. Her builders, crew and passengers ha
4、d no doubt that she was the finest ship ever built. But still she did sink on April 14, 1912, taking 1,517 of her passengers and crew with her.The RMS Titanic left Southampton for New York on April 10, 1912. On board were some of the richest and most famous people of the time who had paid large sums
5、 of money to sail on the first voyage of the most luxurious ship in the world. And with nine decks, she was as high as an eleven- storey building. The Titanic carried 329 first-class, 285 second-class and 710 third-class passengers with 899 crew members, under the care of the very experienced Captai
6、n Edward J. Smith. She also carried enough food to feed a small town.RMS Titanic was believed to be unsinkable because the hull was divided into sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these compartments flooded, the ship could still float. The ships owners could not imagine that, in the cas
7、e of an accident, the Titanic would not be able to float until she was rescued. It was largely as a result of this confidence in the ship and in the safety of ocean travel that the disaster could claim such a great loss of life.Iceberg Locations Not PlottedIn the ten hours prior to the Titanics fata
8、l collision with an iceberg at 11:40 pm, six warnings of icebergs in her path were received by the Titanics wireless operators. Only one of these messages was formally posted on the bridge, the others were in various locations across the ship. If the combined information in these messages of iceberg
9、 positions had been plotted, the ice field which lay across the Titanics path would have been apparent. Instead, the lack of formal procedures for dealing with information from a relatively new piece of technology, the wireless, meant that the danger was not known until too late. This was not the fa
10、ult of the Titanic crew. Procedures for dealing with warnings received through the wireless had not been familiarized across the shipping industry at the time. The fact that the wireless operators were rather contracted workers from a wireless company, made their role in the ships operation quite un
11、clear.Captains Over-confidenceCaptain Smiths seemingly casual attitude in increasing the speed on that day to a dangerous 22 knots or 41 kilometers per hour, can then be partly explained by his ignorance of what lay ahead. But this only partly accounts for his actions, since the spring weather in Gr
12、eenland was known to cause huge chunks of ice to break off from the glaciers (冰河). Captain Smith knew that these icebergs would float southward and had already acknowledged this danger by taking a more southerly route than at other times of the year. So why was the Titanic traveling at high speed wh
13、en he knew? Captain Smith was following the practices accepted on the North Atlantic, practices which had coincided with forty years of safe travel. He believed, wrongly as we now know, that the ship could turn or stop in time if an iceberg was sighted by the lookouts.There were around two and a hal
14、f hours between the time the Titanic rammed into the iceberg and its final submersion. At this time 705 people were loaded into the twenty lifeboats. There were 473 empty seats available on lifeboats while over 1,500 people drowned. These figures raise two important issues. Firstly, why there were n
15、ot enough lifeboats to seat every passenger and crew member on board. And secondly, why the lifeboats were not full.Low Priority Placed on SafetyThe Titanic had sixteen lifeboats and four collapsible boats which could carry just over half the number of people on board her maiden voyage and only a th
16、ird of the Titanics total capacity. Regulations for the number of lifeboats required were based on outdated British Board of Trade regulations written in 1894 for ships a quarter of the Titanics size, and had never been revised. Under these requirements, the Titanic was only obliged to carry enough
17、lifeboats to seat 962 people. At design meetings in 1910, the shipyards managing director, Alexander Carlisle, had proposed that forty-eight lifeboats be installed on the Titanic, but the idea had been quickly rejected as too expensive.Ignorance of the Impending DisasterThe belief that the Titanic w
18、as unsinkable was so strong that passengers and crew alike clung to the belief even as she was actually sinking. This attitude was not helped by Captain Smith, who had not acquainted his senior officers with the full situation. For the first hour after the collision, the majority of people aboard th
19、e Titanic, including senior crew, were not aware that she would sink, that there were insufficient lifeboats or that the nearest ship responding to the Titanics distress (遇险信号) calls would arrive two hours after she was on the bottom of the ocean. As a result, the officers in charge of loading the b
20、oats received a very halfhearted response to their early calls for women and children to board the lifeboats. People felt that they would be safer, and certainly warmer, aboard the Titanic than perched in a litde boat in the North Adantic Ocean. Not realizing the magnitude of the coming disaster the
21、mselves, the officers allowed several boats to be lowered only half full.Inadequate TrainingProcedures again were at fault, as an additional reason for the officers reluctance to lower the lifeboats at full capacity was that they feared the lifeboats would buckle under the weight of 65 people. They
22、had not been informed that the lifeboats had been fully tested prior to departure. Such procedures as assigning passengers and crew to lifeboats and lifeboat loading drills were simply not part of the standard operation of ships nor were they included in crew training at that time.As the Titanic san
23、k, another ship, believed to have been the Californian, was seen motionless less than twenty miles away. The ship failed to respond to the Titanics eight distress rockets. Although the officers of the Californian tried to signal the Titanic with their flashing Morse lamp, they did not wake up their
24、radio operator to listen for a distress call.After the Titanic sank, investigations were held in both Washington and London. In the end, both inquires decided that no one could be blamed for the sinking. However, they did address the fundamental safety issues which had contributed to the enormous lo
25、ss of life. As a result, international agreements were drawn up to improve safety procedures at sea. The new regulations covered 24 hour wireless operation, crew training, proper lifeboat drills, lifeboat capacity for all on board and the creation of an international ice patrol.（分数：70.00）(1).The eno
26、rmous loss of life on the Titanic was primarily caused by inadequate equipment, training and procedures.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Nobody had thought of installing enough lifeboats to accommodate all the passengers and crew in the event of an emergency.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Captain Smith didnt inform his off
27、icers of the tree situation because he didnt want to cause a panic.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The lifeboats would have buckled if they had been fully loaded.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The number of lifeboats on the Titanic met the regulations for much smaller ships but not the Titanic.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The Capt
28、ain of the Californian could have brought his ship to safety if he had realized that the Titanic was sinking.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Standard operating procedure is most at fault for the magnitude of the Titanic disaster.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Passenger ships across the North Atlantic Ocean had had an exce
29、llent safety record in the _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The Titanics owners were _ that even if the Titanic was letting in water, she would float indefinitely until help arrived.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The Titanics safety feature, which convinced most people that she wouldnt sink, was her sixteen _.（分数：7.00）填
30、空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.This and that.B.America.C.England.D.University.A.It was 50 pounds.B.It was 80 pounds.C.It was 20 pounds.D.It was 40 pounds.A.A man who played football
31、.B.A man who built a football stadium.C.A man who played baseball.D.A man who built a baseball stadium.A.A book about computer programming.B.A book about computer science.C.A book about natural science.D.A book about physics.A.Shes really hungry.B.Shes really thirsty.C.Shes really angry.D.Shes reall
32、y sleepy.A.On holiday.B.To university.C.To study abroad.D.To the shop.A.A hotel.B.A university.C.A library.D.A restaurant.A.To work.B.On holiday.C.To a party.D.To a lecture.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Steak.B.Chicken.C.Fish.D.Seafood.A.He got a pr
33、omotion.B.He got engaged.C.He got married.D.He cooked dinner.A.At the office.B.At school.C.At university.D.In the park.A.If he can cook her dinner.B.For a promotion.C.To marry him.D.For some more money.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.No, he doesnt lik
34、e any of them.B.Yes, they are being made.C.Yes, he has bought them from a shop.D.No, he will not wear a wedding ring.A.Mexican.B.Russian.C.Chinese.D.Japanese.A.Beer and red wine.B.White wine and some Russian drinks.C.Red wine and some Chinese drinks.D.Champagne and some Mexican drinks.五、Section B(总题
35、数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Celsius.B.Claudius Day.C.Lupercalia.D.Lubricant Day.A.He didnt like women.B.Because he hated St. Valentine.C.Because he believed bachelors made better soldiers.D.He didnt approve of celebrations.A.Fro
36、m several myths.B.St. Valentine was put to death on the 14th of February.C.St. Valentine was a legendary romantic.D.St. Valentine was in disfavour with the Roman emperor.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Eating disorders, low immunity and poor mot
37、or skills.B.Difficulty concentrating, poor motor skills, divorce.C.Low immunity, poor self esteem, eating disorders.D.Poor motor skills, difficulty concentrating, low immunity.A.Part-time jobs and studying.B.Late night parties and studying.C.Part-time jobs and marriage.D.Marriage and insomnia.A.Go h
38、ome for a break.B.Try to finish their assignments.C.Cram for exams.D.Go to parties.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Vertically handicapped.B.Short.C.Secondary handicapped.D.Height challenged.A.Health.B.Age.C.Weight.D.Height.A.Financial security
39、.B.Education.C.Career.D.Age.A.Career, age, economic status.B.Height, age, economic status.C.Social status, economic status, career.D.Social status, career, height.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)A canine cop took early (36) after bosses at South Yorkshire Police noted his poor motivationand a fondness fo
40、r making friends with noisy drunkards, his former (37) said Monday.Buster, who spent six months as a police dog, has been (38) with a family in Sheffield, near this town in northern England, Police Constable David Stephenson said.“He has a lack of drive and (39) when asked to do operational work,“ S
41、tephenson told The Associated Press. “Hes just a lovely pet.“Two-year-old Buster (40) well at the start of his 14-week training program, but his work (41) deteriorated and the problem (42) once he started patrolling the streets, he said.(43) . His handler couldnt believe what the dog was doing.(44)
42、Stephenson said. “You would have expected him to use his nose to locate him.“(45) . “He just stopped working,“ Stephenson said. “He just lay down and there was nothing we could do. He has got a very low drive for finding people.“In Rotherham at bar closing times, the streets are often crowded with d
43、runken revellers. (46) his former handler said.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Going InternationalAmerican businesses are part of a global economy regardless of how large and small th
44、ey may be. Companies such as McDonalds see expansion into new foreign markets as a primary strategy for boosting sales and profits. McDonalds expands through various means from building company owned outlets to licensing and partnership agreements. McDonalds is but one US company that has found dome
45、stic sales slowing due to saturated (饱和) domestic markets, thus leaving it little choice about how to increase earnings. PepsiCo is another US company that is pursuing overseas markets to overcome a less than satisfactory 4 to 5 percent domestic sales growth.In general, companies go international fo
46、r two basic sets of reasons: proactive and reactive. Proactive motives include the search for new customers, new markets, increased market share, increased return on investments, needed raw materials and other resources, tax advantages, lower costs and economies of scale. This last reason, economies
47、 of scale, encourages companies to find foreign partners to share the costs connected with building factories, conducting research, and expanding ones sales and presence in additional markets.The drive to reduce costs has led to setting up operations in countries with lower wages and fewer restricti
48、ons on business. Many businesses from around the world have chosen northern Mexico for its nearness to American customers and lower wages and benefits - on average one- fourth to one-fifth those of the United States and Japan.Reactive motives include the desire to escape from trade barriers, and other government regulations, to better serve customers and to remain competitive. Nearly every m
