1、大学四级-989 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.近年来出现了大量因不同原因而出名的网络名人 2有人认为这是网络时代的进步，有人认为他们的出现是一种退步 3你的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Why Money Doesnt Buy HappinessWhat do the experts say? All in all, it was probably a mistake to look for the answer to the ete
2、rnal question-“Does money buy happiness?“-from people who practice whats called the gloomy science. For when economists tackled the question, they started from the observation that when people put something up for sale they try to get as much for it as they can, and when people buy something they tr
3、y to pay as little for it as they can. Both sides in the transaction, the economists noticed, are therefore behaving as if they would be more satisfied, or happier, dare we say, if they ended up receiving more money (the seller) or holding on to more money (the buyer). Hence, more money must be bett
4、er than less, and the only way more of something can be better than less of it is if it brings you greater satisfaction. The economistsconclusion: the more money you have, the happier you must be. Suicidal CEOs, miserable magnates (大资本家) and other unhappy rich folks arent the only ones giving the li
5、e to this.“Psychologists have spent decades studying the relation between wealth and happiness,“ writes Harvard University psychologist Daniel Gilbert and they have generally concluded that wealth increases human happiness when it lifts people out of extreme poverty and into the middle class but tha
6、t it does little to increase happiness thereafter.“ That flies in the face of intuition (直觉), not to mention economic theory. According to standard economies, the most important commodity you can buy with additional wealth is choice. If you have $20 in your pocket, you can decide between steak and p
7、eanut butter for dinner, but if you have only $1 youd better hope you already have a jar of jelly at home. Additional wealth also lets you satisfy additional needs and wants, and the more of those you satisfy the happier you are supposed to be. The trouble is, choice is not all its cracked up to be.
8、 Studies show that people like selecting from among maybe half a dozen kinds of food at the grocery store but find 27 choices overwhelming, leaving them habitually on edge that they could have chosen a better one than they did. And wants, which are nice to be able to afford, have a bad habit of beco
9、ming needs. Satisfying needs brings less emotional well-being than satisfying wants. What do the common people say? The nonlinear (非线性的) nature of how much happiness money can buy comes through clearly in global surveys that ask people how satisfied they feel with their lives. In a typical survey pe
10、ople are asked to rank their sense of well-being or happiness on a scale of 1 to 7, where I means “not at all satisfied with my life“ and 7 means “completely satisfied.“ Of the American multimillionaires who responded, the average happiness score was 5.8. Homeless people in Calcutta came in at 2.9.
11、But before you assume that money does buy happiness after all. consider who else rated themselves around 5.8: the Inuit of northern Greenland, who do not exactly lead a life of luxury, and the cattle-herding Masai of Kenya, whose huts have no electricity or running water. And proving Gilberts point
12、about money buying happiness only when it lifts you out of extreme poverty, slum dwellers in Calcutta-one economic rung above the homeless-rate themselves at 4.6. Studies tracking changes in a populations reported level of happiness over time have also dealt a death blow to the money-buys-happiness
13、claim. Since World War II the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has tripled in the United States. But peoples sense of well-being has barely been altered. Japan has had an even more dramatic rise in GDP per capita since its postwar misery, but measures of national happiness have been flat, as
14、they have also been in Western Europe during its long postwar boom, according to social psychologist Ruut Veenhoven. An analysis of more than 150 studies on wealth and happiness concluded that “economic indicators have obvious shortcomings“ as approximations of well-being across nations. Thats partl
15、y because in an expanding economy, in which former luxuries such as washing machines become necessities, the newly well-off people dont feel the same joy in having a machine do the laundry that their grandparents, suddenly freed from washboards, did.They just take the machines for granted. Another r
16、eason is that an expanding paycheck, especially in an expanding economy, produces expanding aspirations and a sense that there is always one more cool thing out there that you absolutely have to have. If money doesnt buy happiness, what does? Grandma was right when she told you to value health and f
17、riends, not money and stuff. Researchers add ful-fillment, a sense that life has meaning, “belonging to civil and other groups, and living in a democracy that respects individual rights and the rule of law. If a nation wants to increase its populations sense of well-being, says Veenhoven, it should
18、make “less investment in economic growth and more in policies that promote good governance, liberties, democracy, trust and public safety.“ Curiously, although money doesnt buy happiness, happiness can buy money. Young people who describe themselves as happy typically earn higher incomes, years late
19、r, than those who said they were unhappy. It seems that a sense of well-being can make you more productive and more likely to show initiative and other traits that lead to a higher income. Contented(知足的) people are also more likely to marry and stay married, as well as to be healthy, both of which i
20、ncrease happiness. If more money doesnt buy more happiness, then the behavior of most Americans looks downright insane, as we work harder and longer, decade after decade. But what is insane for an individual is crucial for a national economy-that is, ever more growth and consumption. Gilbert again:
21、“Economies can blossom and grow only if people are deceived into believing that the production of wealth will make them happy.Economies thrive when individuals strive, but because individuals will strive only for their own happiness, it is essential that they mistakenly believe that producing and co
22、nsuming are routes to personal well-being.“ In other words, if you want to do your part for your countrys economy, forget all of the above about money not buying happiness.（分数：70.00）(1).How do the economists think of the relationship between money and happiness?（分数：7.00）A.More money buys more happin
23、ess.B.More Money buys less happiness.C.Money is not a factor of happiness.D.Money only brings greater satisfaction.(2).Some unhappy rich folks are presented as examples to_.（分数：7.00）A.reveal that rich people often lie to the publicB.illustrate further that money can buy happinessC.show richness does
24、 not necessarily make people happyD.show rich people are less happy than poor ones(3).Based on standard economics, additional wealth can provide_.（分数：7.00）A.more happinessB.more optionsC.the most important commodityD.additional needs and wants(4).Why may too many choices be negative?（分数：7.00）A.They
25、bring less emotional well-being.B.They turn needs into wants.C.People may regret about what they bought.D.People will be turned into bad habit.(5).The survey proves Gilberts point that money increases happiness only when_.（分数：7.00）A.basic needs have already been metB.it relieves the utmost povertyC.
26、it satisfies all peoples wantsD.it guarantees a life of luxury(6).In an expanding economy, the former luxuries_.（分数：7.00）A.are taken for granted by the new generationB.are soon replaced by new onesC.produce expanding aspirationsD.free the well-off people from housework(7).According to Veenhoven, a n
27、ation can increase its populations sense of well-being by _.（分数：7.00）A.selecting more politiciansB.launching more laws and rulesC.concentrating more on economic growthD.making more effort to promote good governance(8).Initiative that leads to a higher income is usually motivated by_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_
28、(9).The concept that more money doesnt buy more happiness drives most Americans_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).It is necessary for people to believe producing and consuming are routes to personal well-being for a _ economy.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.He us
29、ed to be in good health.B.He was very handsome.C.He was somewhat short.D.He looked somewhat old.A.At an airport.B.At a boat dock.C.At a weather station.D.At a beach.A.Telling her daughter not to worry.B.Asking the teacher for special help.C.Teaching her daughter by herself.D.Having confidence in her
30、 daughter.A.Take part in the game.B.Go to Washington and Los Angeles.C.Watch the basketball game.D.Miss the game and visit friends.A.Shell get her money back from the shop.B.She can exchange the T-shirt for a larger one.C.Shell have to talk to the manager about it.D.She can complain to the Consumers
31、 Association.A.She forgot to cancel the reservation.B.They can go to the restaurant tonight.C.She has to work late tonight.D.They dont have a reservation.A.The man agrees that the workload is heavy.B.The man wont be able to go to the lab today.C.The man thinks the woman is being unfair.D.The man fee
32、ls the assignment is reasonable.A.Michael brought the tape to the party.B.The tape had been returned to Jim.C.The tape couldnt be found anywhere.D.Michael has lent his tape to Jim.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).What are the two speakers talking abo
33、ut?（分数：7.00）A.Giving up smoking.B.Birth control of the family.C.Plan for seeing a doctor.D.Arrangement for breaking engagement.(2).What is the mans reason for not giving up smoking?（分数：7.00）A.Smoking helps to lessen the pressure.B.Smoking helps him fall asleep quickly.C.He can get much happiness fro
34、m smoking.D.Smoking brings more chances to make friends.(3).What suggestion does the woman give the man to give up his smoking?（分数：7.00）A.See a doctor to get some help.B.Read books about the harm of smoking.C.Improve his self-controlling abilities.D.Receive mental health treatment.(4).What can we co
35、nclude from the end of the conversation?（分数：7.00）A.Smoking is the only bad habit the man should change.B.She doesnt love the man as deep as before.C.She doesnt want to have a baby if the man smokes.D.Maybe she will leave the man if he continues to smoke.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversati
36、on you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).What does the man say about the new intelligent house?（分数：7.00）A.It is a house full of cleverly-designed device.B.It can help people live a much easier life.C.It is the most comfortable house available.D.It expresses the newest architectural style.(2).What conven
37、ience can the new intelligent house bring to ones life?（分数：7.00）A.The door will open with just a touch of the finger.B.The refrigerator can figure out how much milk to buy.C.The robot can do all the housework very efficiently.D.The house can put out a fire in a very short time.(3).What does the woma
38、n think of the intelligent（分数：7.00）A.Its too wonderful to be true.B.Its too expensive for her.C.She considers it nothing fancy.D.She is considering buying one.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One（分数：28.00）(1).What does the speaker tell us about important decision-making in the US?（分数：7.00）A.The fa
39、ther alone makes the important decision.B.The mother alone makes the important decision.C.Children old enough are allowed to take part.D.Children should be seen but cant air their view.(2).Why are young people in the US expected to break away from their parental families?（分数：7.00）A.Their parents don
40、t like to live with them.B.They need more freedom and space.C.They need to become independent.D.They have to go to universities.(3).What does the speaker say about the U.S.pattern of independence?（分数：7.00）A.It suits the values of equality.B.It can cause serious problems.C.It does no good.D.It goes t
41、oo far.(4).What is the major problem of many elderly couples?（分数：7.00）A.They have not enough money.B.They have to leave home.C.They feel useless and lonely.D.They have no children or relatives.Passage Two（分数：21.00）(1).What does the second man answer when asked what they are doing?（分数：7.00）A.Breaking
42、 big rocks into little onesB.Feeding his family.C.Building a cathedral.D.Doing construction works.(2).According to the speaker，what is the first central component of a meaningful work?（分数：7.00）A.Having a point.B.Having flexibility.C.Making sense.D.Being interesting.(3).What does the growing body of
43、evidence show?（分数：7.00）A.Most of the people want to do meaningful work.B.A majority of workers are doing meaningful work.C.Happy workers can always find a well-paid job.D.Meaningful workers are happy and better workers.Passage Three（分数：21.00）(1).What message does the speaker try to convey in this pa
44、ssage?（分数：7.00）A.One can improve listening by watching movies.B.Everybody wants to improve listening nowadays.C.There is a good way to memorize vocabularies.D.One needs to work hard to improve English.(2).What is the next step of improving oneS listening by watching movies?（分数：7.00）A.Watch the film
45、two more times.B.Memorize the scenes and stories.C.Listen to the film instead of watching it.D.Repeat what the characters say in the film.(3).What is the speakers last suggestion of improving ones listening?（分数：7.00）A.Choose ones favorite film.B.Memorize all the dialogues.C.Go to a movie theater.D.P
46、ractice with a friend.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Why do we laugh? For years scientists have asked themselves this question. No other animals laugh and smile-only human beings, so does laughter help us to (36) in any way? The answer seems to be that smiling and laughter help us to relax, reducing (37
47、) and preventing illnesses which are caused by stress. Laughter really is the best (38) ! But if youre unhappy, it cant do you any good to smile, can it? Not true. Apparently the (39) effects of smiling are just the same (40) you feel like smiling or not. Scientists in California asked a group of (4
48、1) to act five different feelings: happiness, sadness, (42) , surprise and fear-just using their faces. Changes in their heart rate, blood pressure and temperature were (43) down. Most of the feelings they acted didnt cause changes, but when they smiled their heart rate and their blood pressure went down. (44) . A sense of humor also helps to keep things in perspective. (45) .So if you find yourself in a stressful situation, try to let yourself giggle(咯咯地笑). A psychologist writes: “ (46) .If you start to laugh, in time you will actually become happier./（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
