1、大学四级-951 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.水污染的主要原因。2. 水污染的危害性。3. 水污染的总是的解决办法。 What Can We Do About the Water Pollution（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Lessons from the 1918 FluThe last time a now influenza virus reached pandemic levels was in 1968, but the e
2、pisode was not significantly deadlier than a typical had fin season. Few people who lived through it even knew it occurred. Still, it killed 34,000 Americans. The 1918 pandemic was far more lethal. It killed 675,000 Americans at a time when the U.S. population was 100 million. Fifty million to 100 m
3、illion people purished worldwide in the 1918 pandemic, according to Nobel laureate F. Macfarlane Burnet. The flu killed more people in 24 weeks than AIDS has killed in 24 years. The difference in the death toll between 1918 and 1968 had little to do with such medical advances as antibiotics for seco
4、ndary bacterial infections. The 1968 virus was simply much less virulent. But it wasnt just the virus. As with Hurricane Katrina, some of the deaths in 1918 were the governments responsibility. Surgeon General Rupert Blue was his days Mike Brown. Despite months of indications that the disease would
5、erupt, Blue made no preparations. When the flu hit, he told the nation, “There is no cause for alarm.“Alarm was needed. Victims could die in 24 hours. Symptoms included bleeding from the nose, mouth, ears and eyes. Some people turned so dark blue from lack of oxygen that an Army physician noted that
6、 “it is hard to distinguish the coloured men from the white.“False reassurances from the government and newspapers added to the death rate. They also destroyed trust in authority, as Americans quickly realized they were being lied to. The result: society began to break apart. Confidential Red Cross
7、reports noted “panic akin to the terror of the Middle Ages of the plague“ and victims starving to death “not from lack of food but because the well are afraid to help the sick.“ Doctors and nurses were kidnapped. One scientist concluded that if the epidemic continued to build, “civilization could ea
8、sily disappear from the face of the earth within a few more weeks.“What will happen during the next pandemic.? No one can predict, but even a virus as mild as the 1968 strain would kill many tens of thousands in the U.S. alone. Since 1968, demographic changes have made influenza a greater, not a les
9、ser, threat. Our population now includes more elderly and more people with a weakened immune system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that influenza kills 36,000 Americans in an average year. The CDC also calculates that a pandemic caused by a virus comparable to that o
10、f 1968 would kill between 89,000 and 207,000 Americans. And the scientist who prepared that study has refused to estimate the toll from a more virulent virus because, he says, he doesnt want to “scare“ people.Even the mildest virus would slam the economy harder now than at any time in the past. That
11、s be- cause businessesand hospitalshave improved efficiency to minimize slack. When absenteeism pre- vents one plant from shipping a part, or when a surge of patients overwhelms a hospital already under- staffed because of sickness, massive disruptions result.How prepared are we for all that? Net ve
12、ry. To its credit, this Administration has struggled to get a- head of the curve. Former Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson considered influet.za among his highest priorities. In his last speech as Secretary, he called it his gravest concern. Under him, funding for influenza increase
13、d 1,000% despite opposition from House Republicans, who took the threat seriously only after last years vaccine debacle, when almost half the nations supply became unavailable because of contamination.That problem highlighted a weakness in the vaccine-production infrastructure, which, as publichealt
14、h expert Michael Osterholm says, “is our levee system against a catastrophic .event,“ But even in a perfect world, virtually no vaccine would be available for the first six months of a pandemic. And the Ad- ministration has left huge holes in our preparedness. After years of delays, a pandemic plan
15、still needs to be finished.Yet the dearest lesson from Katrina is that plans are not enough. They must be put into practice. Preparation matters. Even in the chaos of 1918, people who knew what to expect and had been trained did their duty, often in heroic fashion. San Francisco was the only major c
16、ity in which the local leader- ship told the truth about the disease. It organized emergency hospitals, volunteer ambulance drivers, soup kitchens and the like in advance. There, although fear certainly showed itself, it did not paralyze, ff we prepare well enough, we wont need heroes; well just nee
17、d people doing their jobs.（分数：70.00）(1).The 1918 pandemic killed 675,000 Americans at a time when the U.S. population was 100 million.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Symptoms included bleeding from the nose, mouth, ears and eyes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).False reassurances from the government and magazines added to t
18、he death rate.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Since 1918, demographic changes have made influenza a greater threat.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The 1918 Flu ended in 1923.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Even the mildest virus would slam the economy harder now than at any time in the past.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Former Health and Human
19、Services Secretary George Thompson considered influenza among his highest priorities.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).The difference in the death toll between 1918 and 1968 had little to do with antibiotics for _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Our population now includes more elderly and more people with a _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1
20、:_(10).Even in the chaos of 1918, people who knew _ and _ did their duty, often in heroic fashion.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She doesnt like playing cards.B.She has so
21、mething else to do this evening.C.She doesnt feel like playing cards this evening.D.She is in a bad mood.A.She thinks it is all right for the man to have damaged her plastic flowers.B.She wants to get rid of these flowers sooner or later.C.She means to offer a polite reply to the mans apology.D.She
22、doesnt mind it at all.A.They are talking over the meal.B.The man is English but the woman is not.C.The man isnt English but the woman is.D.They are talking about English breakfasts.A.He asked the professor for some books.B.Professor Miller offered more help than he had expected.C.Professor Miller wi
23、ll not discuss the topic with him.D.He got more books than he had expected.A.He wont be able to finish the work soon.B.The woman must wait for a long time.C.He will finish the paper soon.D.The woman can have a long talk with him.A.At 9:30.B.At 10:30.C.At 10:00D.At 11:00A.The woman came late because
24、she had no money for the taxi fee.B.The woman failed to come on time bemuse of a traffic jam.C.The woman failed to come on time because she had no money to replace the flat tire.D.The woman failed to notify the man because she had no change for a telephone call.(8).A) Both of them like pop music. C)
25、 They like to go to museums very much.B) They both go to concerts very often. D) Both of them like classical music.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A) A class presentation. C) Visiting a close fiend.B) A television program. D) Studyi
26、ng for a test.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.Hes taking a break from studying.B.He has already finished studying.C.He was assigned to watch a program by his professor.D.He s finding out some information for a friend.A.He didnt know that she was enrolled in a linear algebra course.B.He thought she preferred to s
27、tudy alone.C.He thought she had made arrangements to study with.D.He had told her that he had done poorly on a recent test.A.He and Elizabeth argued recently.B.He heard Elizabeth did poorly on the last test.C.He doesnt want to bother Elizabeth so late in the evening.D.He d rather study in his own do
28、rmitory.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A) Inviting foreign students to dinner. C) Eating habits of foreign students.B) Sharing a flat with foreign students. D) Getting along with foreign students.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) In Oak Creek Apartments. C)
29、In a student dormitory.B) With his parents. D) With his girlfriend.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.They didnt know how much each person owed for telephone calls.B.They couldnt understand each other since they speak different languages.C.They had difficulty deciding who should cook.D.They had different lifestyles
30、.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Children reared under average conditions possess average intelligence.B.Lack of opportunity prevents the growth of intelligence.C.An individuals intelligence is determined chiefly by hi
31、s environment.D.Changes of environment produce changes in the brain structure.A.85.B.100.C.40.D.125.A.To test the role of environment in the development of intelligence.B.Because their parents were too poor to support them.C.Because their parents passed away.D.To find out how well twins grow in sepa
32、rate homes.(4).A) Brain structure and opportunity. C) Brain and intelligence.B) Birth and education. D) Birth and environment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A) An automobile collision. C) The noise of a crowd.B) An air crash.
33、 D) An explosion.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.To prevent the lookers-on from getting near.B.To protect the injured men.C.To let the fire engines and ambulances pass.D.To check the leaking gas pipe.A.Most victims were rescued successfully.B.Someone in the firm was to blame for the explosion.C.The firemen were
34、very brave.D.The press reporter arrived too late to interview anyone.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A) Do extra work if necessary. C) Clean the spark plugs only.B) Change the spark plugs only. D) Charge her more than 10 if necessary.（分数：7.0
35、0）A.B.C.D.A.The repairman had finished cleaning the plugs.B.The repairman had just started working on her car.C.The repairman had lost the old plug.D.The repairman had changed the plug.A.Bemuse she had them put in only a few months ago.B.Because she wanted to save the new ones for future use.C.Becau
36、se she liked worn-out pings.D.Because she got them well cleaned.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Have you ever seen a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was (36) ? Have you seen a film in which a train (37) or a ship sank into the ocean? If so, you may have (38) how these things could h
37、appen without harming the people in the film.The man who knows the answer is the “special-effect“ man. He has one of the most important jobs in the film industry. He may be (39) to create a flood or to make a battlefield (40) But he may also be asked to create a special effect which is much less exc
38、iting, (41) just as important to the success of the film.In a (42) for one movie there was a big glass (43) filled with water in which small fish were swimming. The director of the movie wanted the fish (44) Then the director wanted the fish to stop staring and swim away. (45) . It was quite a probl
39、em.The special-effect man thought about this problem for quite a long time. (46) First he applied electricity to the fish bowl, causing the fish to be absolutely still. Then he rapidly reduced the amount of electricity, allowing the fish to swim away. Thus he got the humorous effect that the directo
40、r wanted.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they re- present. Concepts of reading have changed (
41、47) over the centuries. During the 1950s and 1960s especially, increased attention bas been devoted to defining and describing the reading process. Although specialists agree that reading involves a complex organization of higher mental (48) , they disagree a- bout the exact nature of the process. S
42、ome experts, who regard language primarily us a code using symbols to represent sounds, (49) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand for. These authorities (50) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others main
43、tain that reading is (51) related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (52) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, according to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who actually reads.Many adults, although they have the ability to read
44、, have never read a book in its entirety. By some expert they would not be (53) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use. By the most (54) and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (55) the sound-symbols code
45、 of the language, to interpret meaning for various (56) at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do so widely and enthusiastically. In short reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.A contempt B substantially C reassure D ex
46、plainingE interpreting F functions G inexplicably H inclusiveI view J purposes K conclusive L unlockM contend N classified O opinions（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)On the night of September 2, 166
47、6, a fire broke out in a bakers shop near Fish Street Hill in Lon- don. Before the flames were finally extinguished (扑灭), nearly the entire cid, had been reduced to ashes. Over thirteen thousand homes, fifty churches, and numerous public buildings and hospitals were lost in the fire. For all practical purposes, London was destroyed.The Great Fire was not seen as a total tragedy, however. The deplorable (糟糕)conditions of the city had been attacked by physicians and humanitarians for years b
