1、大学四级-948 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.许多学校午夜后就把宿舍的电断掉，强制学生休息 2有人认为这对学生白天的学习有益，有人认为这限制了学生自由安排生活 3你的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How Should Teachers Be Rewarded?We never forget our best teachers-those who inspired us with a deeper understanding or an
2、 enduring passion, the ones we come back to visit years after graduating, the educators who opened doors and altered the course of our lives. It would be wonderful if we knew more about such talented teachers and how to multiply their number. How do they come by their craft? What qualities and capac
3、ities do they possess? Can these abilities be measured? Can they be taught? Perhaps above all:How should excellent teaching be rewarded so that the best teachers-the most competent, caring and compelling-remain in a profession known for low pay and low status? Such questions have become critical to
4、the future of public education in the U.S. Even as politicians push to hold schools and their faculty members responsible as never before for student learning, the nation faces a shortage of teaching talent. About 3.2 million people teach in U.S. public schools, but, according to an estimate made by
5、 economist William Hussar at the National Center for Education Statistics, the nation will need to recruit an additional 2.8 million over the next eight years owing to baby-boomer retirement, growing student enrollment and staff turnover (人员调整)-which is especially rapid among new teachers. Finding a
6、nd keeping high-quality teachers are key to Americas competitiveness as a nation. Recent test results show that U.S. 10th-graders ranked just 17th in science among peers from 30 nations, while in math they placed in the bottom five. Research suggests that a good teacher is the single most important
7、factor in boosting achievement, more important than class size, the dollars spent per student or the quality of textbooks and materials. Across the country, hundreds of school districts are experimenting with new ways to attract, reward and keep good teachers. Many of these efforts borrow ideas from
8、 business. They include signing bonuses for hard-to-fill jobs like teaching high school chemistry, housing allowances and what might be called combat pay for teachers who commit to working in the most distressed schools. But the idea gaining the most motivation-and controversy-is merit pay, which at
9、tempts to measure the quality of teachers work and pay teachers accordingly. Traditionally, public-school salaries are based on years spent on the job and college credits earned, a system favored by unions because it treats all teachers equally. Of course, everyone knows that not all teachers are eq
10、ual. Just witness how hard parents try to get their kids into the best classrooms. And yet there is no universally accepted way to measure competence, much less the great charm of a truly brilliant educator. In its absence, policy-makers have focused on that current measure of all things educational
11、: student test scores. In districts across the country, administrators are devising systems that track student scores back to the teachers who taught them in an attempt to assign credit and blame and, in some cases, target help to teachers who need it. Offering bonuses to teachers who raise student
12、achievement, the theory goes, will improve the overall quality of instruction, retain those who get the job done and attract more highly qualified candidates to the profession-all while lifting those all-important test scores. Such efforts have been encouraged by the Bush Administration, which in 20
13、06 started a program that awards $99 million a year in grants to districts that link teacher compensation to raising student test scores. Merit pay has also become part of the debate in Congress over how to improve the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act. Last summer, Barack Obama signed merit pay at a me
14、eting of the National Education Association, the nations largest teachers union, so long as the measure of merit is “developed with teachers, not imposed on them and not based on some test score.“ Hillary Clinton says she does not support merit pay for individual teachers but does advocate performan
15、ce-based pay on a schoolwide basis. Its hard to argue against the notion of rewarding the best teachers for doing a good job. But merit pay has a long history in the U.S., and new programs to pay teachers according to test scores have already had an opposite effect in Florida and Houston. What holds
16、 more promise is broader efforts to transform the profession by combining merit pay with more opportunities for professional training and support, thoughtful assessments of how teachers do their jobs and new career paths for top teachers. To the business-minded people who are increasingly running th
17、e nations schools, theres an obvious solution to the problems of teacher quality and teacher turnover: offer better pay for better performance. The challenge is deciding who deserves the extra cash. Merit-pay movements in the 1920s, 50s and 80s turned to failure just because of that question, as the
18、 perception grew that bonuses were awarded to principalspets. Charges of unfairness, along with unreliable funding and union opposition, sank such experiments. But in an era when states are testing all students annually, theres a new, less subjective window onto how well a teacher does her job. As e
19、arly as 1982, University of Tennessee statistician Sanders seized on the idea of using student test data to assess teacher performance. Working with elementary-school test results in Tennessee, he devised a way to calculate an individual teachers contribution to student progress. Essentially, his me
20、thod is this: he takes three or more years of student test results, projects a trajectory (轨迹) for each student based on past performance and then looks at whether, at the end of the year, the students in a given teachers class tended to stay on course, soar above expectations or fall short. Sanders
21、 uses statistical methods to adjust for flaws and gaps in the data. “Under the best circumstances,“ he claims, “we can reliably identify the top 10% to 30% of teachers.“ Sanders devised his method as a management tool for administrators, not necessarily as a basis for performance pay. But increasing
22、ly, thats what it is used for. Today he heads a group at the North Carolina-based software firm SAS, which performs value-added analysis for North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and districts in about 15 other states. Most use it to measure schoolwide performance, but some are beginning to
23、use value-added calculations to determine bonuses for individual teachers.（分数：70.00）(1).Teaching is an occupation known for_.（分数：7.00）A.high statusB.low salaryC.good welfareD.great ability(2).Whats the key factor to strengthen achievement for a school?（分数：7.00）A.A good teacher.B.The class size.C.Fin
24、ance.D.Textbooks.(3).Merit pay attempts to pay teachers according to _.（分数：7.00）A.the length of working yearB.number of titles attainedC.their working performanceD.profit they made for school(4).Student test scores have become the key measure of teachersperformance due to _.（分数：7.00）A.the lack of we
25、ll-accepted standardsB.the absence of federal fundingC.strong theoretical supportD.past successful experience(5).How does Hillary Clinton think about the merit pay?（分数：7.00）A.She is planning to cancel the merit pay program.B.She advocates the merit pay for individual teachers.C.She agrees the school
26、 staff should be paid based on performance.D.She supports that teachers are paid based on working experience.(6).What has been the result of the merit pay program in Florida and Houston?（分数：7.00）A.It has improved the quality of instruction.B.It has provided more professional trainings.C.It has had a
27、n positive effect on education.D.It has turned out to be a failure.(7).Merit-pay movements in the past didnt succeed because _.（分数：7.00）A.the schools couldnt decide how much should a good teacher be paidB.more and more schools were run by business-minded peopleC.unfairness was created when deciding
28、who should get the extra moneyD.the government didnt give enough support to the movement(8).The annual tests for students bring a new,_way to measure the teaching quality.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Based on the test results in Tennessee, Sanders devised a way to measure how a teacher_to student progress.（分
29、数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Sandersmethod was at first created as a management tool for administrators rather than_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.The exact site of the meeting.B.The nearest way to the hall.C.The position of the building.D.The fight way to th
30、e back door.A.He will quit his job in no time.B.He will do a part-time job.C.He wont stay with Mr.William.D.He hasnt found a new job yet.A.A college campus.B.A beautiful park.C.An art museum.D.An old building.A.The service is very slow.B.Salad isnt offered.C.The prices are too high.D.The food is poo
31、r.A.He didnt know what hospital Tom was in.B.He took Tom to the hospital.C.He felt sorry that the woman hurt herself.D.He forgot to telephone the woman.A.She was always in good shape.B.She stopped exercising one year ago.C.Her exercise has yielded good results.D.Her previous debts arc all paid off.A
32、.She will lend it to the man.B.She will repair it herself.C.She asks the man to check it.D.She intends to sell it to the man.A.Confident.B.Worried.C.Surprised.D.Angry.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).What is the man going to do this summer?（分数：7.00）A
33、.Take a job to pay the tuition fees.B.Visit his parents in his hometown.C.Spend the summer with his friends.D.Work as a volunteer in South Africa.(2).Why has not the woman seen her parents for the last couple of years?（分数：7.00）A.Her home is too far away from her university.B.Her parents have been vo
34、lunteering in South America.C.She is too busy to go back home visiting her parents.D.She has to take a part-time job during vacations.(3).Why doesnt the woman want to make a loan?（分数：7.00）A.The loaning rate is too high.B.Tbe loan procedure is complex.C.She wouldnt be able to get a loan.D.She hates t
35、o have debt burden.(4).What suggestion does the man give to the woman?（分数：7.00）A.Stay with her parents the whole summer.B.Take a full-time job to earn some money.C.Go back home and take a part-time job.D.Apply for a loan and stay with her parents.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you
36、have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).Why does the woman want to read the mans paper about Albert Kahn?（分数：7.00）A.She needs to do some research on industrial architecture.B.Albert Kahn is the womans most-respected architect.C.She is interested in his classical design and industrial design.D.Albert Kahn desi
37、gned many grand factories all over the world.(2).what do we know about Kahns factories according to the conversation?（分数：7.00）A.They were inefficient.B.They had wooden frames.C.They were spacious and airy.D.They didnt provide enough light.(3).what changes did the reinforced concrete bring to the arc
38、hitecture industry?（分数：7.00）A.It made the buildings solid and fireproof.B.It decreased workers labor intensity.C.It shortened the construction period.D.It beautified the outlook of the buildings.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One（分数：21.00）(1).What does the speaker tell us about the common camera
39、s?（分数：7.00）A.They can help take pictures of cars on highways.B.They can help send fines to speedy motorists.C.They can help catch cars breaking traffic rules.D.They can help make the traffic run smoother.(2).what do we know about the new video camera system?（分数：7.00）A.It takes pictures only.B.It can
40、 not do paperwork.C.It needs someone to issue fines.D.It takes pictures and does paperwork.(3).What do the inventors suggest the new video camera system can do?（分数：7.00）A.It can help catch stolen cars.B.It can package food.C.It makes cars run faster.D.It gives information to the drivers.Passage Two（
41、分数：21.00）(1).What does the speaker say about plants?（分数：7.00）A.There are 250 million plants eaten by insects.B.There are fewer plants than 250 million years ago.C.They have their way of guarding against insects.D.They have a better immune system than before.(2).What is mentioned as one of the sugges
42、tions raised by scientists?（分数：7.00）A.Using less insecticide.B.Giving the plants up.C.Spraying crops frequently.D.Trying other insecticide.(3).What is the most surprising suggestion scientists give?（分数：7.00）A.Changing the way of spraying crops.B.Buying some outdoor insect lamps.C.Using a combination
43、 of three insecticide.D.Trying to attract new insects onto the crops.Passage Three（分数：28.00）(1).What does the speaker tell US about the professional teams in the U.S.?（分数：7.00）A.They are supported by the local government.B.They are named after the cities where they live.C.Their players gathered from
44、 all over the country.D.They play professional basketball games in November only.(2).When are professional basketball games in the US played indoors?（分数：7.00）A.During the summer months.B.During the spring months.C.During the winter months.D.During the autumn months.(3).What is the national pastime i
45、n the U.S.?（分数：7.00）A.Basketball.B.Football.C.Baseball.D.Golf.(4).What do American football and international football share in common?（分数：7.00）A.Both require strength and specialized skills.B.Both require height and responsibility.C.Both require enthusiasm and hard work.D.Both require flexibility a
46、nd good health.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Today American parents are finding themselves in a dilemma about how to deal with teenage drinking, a serious social problem. A recent survey has (36) that 92% of high school (37) have tried alcohol at least once and two-thirds take a drink once a month. Alc
47、ohol has resulted in a lot of teenage car crashes, as well as (38) and murders. Parents are wondering why they cant keep their children from drinking. Now many are beginning to (39) that it is not the kids but the parents who should be held (40) for their permissive attitudes. Some parents find that
48、 (41) attitudes and methods are impractical and ineffective. They try to teach their children to drink responsibly. Many parents believe that (42) drinking is a safe solution. (43) ,an increasing number of parents fear that this will endanger(危及) their childrens safety. Therefore, (44) And the most
49、popular method in some communities is what they call “safe homes“, where unsupervised parties with alcohol are forbidden. The hardliners think that in this way their children will learn self-control, (45) Both sides agree that teenage drinking can be dealt with (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
