1、大学四级-882 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.Directions: Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Competition by expressing your ideas on this concept. Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Competition（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分
2、数：70.00)Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws“ but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish
3、. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of
4、flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enem
5、ies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines tra
6、nsport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed s
7、cientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks mo
8、vements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.Skin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animals high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. Th
9、e fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is rel
10、eased, the fibers become relaxed.The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the bodys back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in
11、the fibers. This energy is released when the sharks body snaps back the other way.As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animals body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.Source of EnergyWh
12、at causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the sharks similarity to a belted radial tire doesnt stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the sharks collagen “radials“. Inste
13、ad of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims
14、 this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stor
15、ed.This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying tile dolphin have dis
16、covered that, like the shark, the animals efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphins skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past th
17、e body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.The waves, in effect,
18、 become tucked into the skins folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as e
19、fficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same
20、distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.Scientists say that because of the slugs inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been face
21、d with this kind of problem?（分数：70.00）(1).According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except _.（分数：7.00）A.to find a new place to liveB.to show its bravenessC.to find foodD.to avoid being chased by its enemies(2).Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show
22、that _.（分数：7.00）A.human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environmentB.humans are the most clever living creatures in the worldC.humans cant move like other animals in any circumstancesD.humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools(3).What is the key to the sharks
23、swift locomotion in water?（分数：7.00）A.The jaw.B.The tail.C.The muscle.D.The skin.(4).According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?（分数：7.00）A.When bending its body in swimming.B.When finding its preys.C.When staying without any mov
24、ement.D.When moving its tail rapidly.(5).Why is the area just under the sharks collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?（分数：7.00）A.Because it is also lull of blood pressure.B.Because it is also inflated by pressure.C.Because it is also filled of air pressure.D.Because it also can be used agai
25、n and again.(6).A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims（分数：7.00）A.against the currentB.rapidly through the waterC.slowly through the waterD.at the fastest speed in water(7).Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel as long as it _.（分数：7.00）A.the same.B.one twelfth ti
26、mes.C.1.2 times.D.12 times.(8).A shark finds its prey by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to the passage, _ can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).When the shark detects an important food source, _ take place.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Lis
27、tening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.Tennis equipment.B.Football equipment.C.Volleyball equipment.D.Basketball equipment.A.He must go out with his girlfriend.B.He must attend a class.C.He must meet his teacher.D.He must stay at school to finish his homework.A.Its even worse than pe
28、ople say.B.Its better than it used to be.C.Its better than people say.D.Its not as good as it was.A.Because Maria cant stand football.B.Because Maria fell ill.C.Because he didnt have the time.D.Because he doesnt like football.A.Some money for the vacation.B.A permanent job.C.A temporary job.D.Some m
29、oney for the university fees.A.The man and the woman had dark hair.B.The man did most of the talking.C.The woman was wearing a black sweater.D.The woman did most of the talking.A.A lovely hat.B.A raincoat.C.An attractive hut.D.A sunny day.A.Librarian and student.B.Customer and repairman.C.Boss and s
30、ecretary.D.Operator and caller.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They dont live up to their fame.B.They dont help sports players at all.C.They are good for track and field sports but not for ball games.D.They may be comfortable but are too expensive.A.A
31、didas helps sports players do better.B.Adidas is just for great sports players like the Chicago Bulls.C.He and his friends have never worn Adidas.D.He has been wanting to wear Adidas shoes himself.A.He doesnt think the shoes will help Joyce in the games.B.He doesnt think Joyce will run.C.He thinks A
32、didas would cost him quite a lot of money.D.He doesnt think Joyce will play sports for long.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A formal talk between the boss and his secretary.B.An interview between the interviewer and the job applicant.C.A formal talk b
33、etween a professor and a student.D.An informal talk between two friends.A.General manager.B.An official worker.C.A secretary.D.Head of the personnel department.A.She is English.B.She is good at languages.C.She types Chinese well.D.She used to be a school teacher.A.The man is not satisfied with the s
34、peed Miss Jenkins types.B.The man will probably recommend Miss Jenkins to the general manager.C.The man does not think Miss Jenkins is qualified.D.The man is hesitating whether to accept Miss Jenkins or not.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have ju
35、st beard.（分数：21.00）A.To feel good.B.To show off their wealth.C.To regain their memory.D.To be different from others.A.To make them aware of its harmfulness.B.To play games with them.C.To send them to the hospital.D.To help solve their psychological problems.A.They are mostly from broken families.B.T
36、hey are fond of round-the-world trips.C.They need care and affection.D.They are likely to commit crimes.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He lost consciousness.B.He was buried under an icebox.C.He was seriously injured.D.He was slightly wounded.A.
37、Around eight days.B.About four days.C.A day and a half.D.More than six days.A.His father pulled him out in time.B.He stayed in an icebox.C.He left the area before the earthquake.D.Their house escaped the earthquake.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.0
38、0）A.They know clearly what they want to learn.B.They learn English to find well-paid jobs.C.They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.D.They want to change the way English is taught.A.Beginners.B.College students.C.Professionals.D.Intermediate earners.A.Courses for doctors.B.Courses for r
39、eporters.C.Courses for businessmen.D.Courses for lawyers.A.English for Specific Purposes.B.The importance of business English.C.Three groups of learners.D.Features of English for different papacies.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Americans are proud of the medical (36) made in this country. Medical scien
40、tists have found cures and (37) for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis. They have learned a great deal about (38) and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best (39) medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive
41、.Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is a (40) health plan for Americans. But there are many programs (41) for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed (42) of money regularly into a fund. Then when
42、the (43) needs medical help, he can use money from the fund to pay for it.Other people have health insurance. They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed. (44) People regularly pay for the hospital directly. (45) . The govern
43、ment has health insurance programs. (46) （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an
44、article or a service can actually (47) you money or can add to the cost. Take the (48) example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the (49) buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest (50) price. But when you get it home you
45、 may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive (51) to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you (52) when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any val
46、uable (53) in excellent condition, youll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new (54) , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive (55) , or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If
47、possible, choose (56) three items or three estimates. A. material B. appliance C. best D. save E. possession F. simple G. from H. in I. with J. elementK. easy L. item M. model N. reasonable. O. adopt（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：
48、0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：45.00)We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way
