1、大学四级-823 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.我们的生活离不开网络 2网络也会给我们带来负面的影响 3我们应该如何正确使用网络（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Exchange Rates：A Brief History of Exchange RatesFor centuries，the currencies of the world were backed by goldThat is，a piece of paper currency
2、issued by any world government represented a real amount of gold held in a vault by that governmentIn the 1930s，the U.S.set the value of the dollar at 8 single，unchanging level：l ounce of gold was worth $35After World War II，other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S.dollarSince
3、everyone knew how much gold a U.S.dollar was worth，then the value of any other currency against the dollar could be based on its value in goldA currency worth twice as much gold as a U.S.dollar was，therefore，also worth two U.S.dollars Unfortunately，the real world of economics outpaced this systemThe
4、 U.S.dollar suffered from inflation(its value relative to the goods it could purchase decreased)，while other currencies became more valuable and more stableFinally，in 1971，the U.S.took away the gold standard altogetherThis meant that the dollar no longer represented an actual amount of a precious su
5、bstance-market forces alone determined its value Today，the U.S.dollar still dominates many financial marketsIn fact，exchange rates are often expressed in terms of U.S.dollarsCurrently，the U.S.dollar and the euro account for approximately 50 percent of all currency exchange transactions in the worldA
6、dding British pounds，Canadian dollars，Australian dollars，and Japanese yen to the list accounts for over 80 percent of currency exchanges altogether Methods of Exchange：the Floating Exchange Rate There are two main systems used to determine a currencys exchange rate：floating currency and pegged curre
7、ncyThe market determines a floating exchange rateIn other words，a currency is worth whatever buyers are willing to pay for itThis is determined by supply and demand，which is in turn driven by foreign investment，import/export ratios，inflation，and a host of other economic factors Generally，countries w
8、ith mature，stable economic markets will use a floating systemVirtually every major nation uses this system，including the U.S.，Canada and Great BritainFloating exchange rates are considered more efficient，because the market will automatically correct the rate to reflect inflation and other economic f
9、orces The floating system isnt perfect，thoughIf a countrys economy suffers from instability，a floating system will discourage investmentInvestors could fall victim to wild swings in the exchange rates，as well as disastrous inflation Methods of Exchange：the Pegged Exchange Rate A pegged，or fixed syst
10、em，is one in which the exchange rate is set and artificially maintained by the governmentThe rate will be pegged to some other countrys dollar，usually the U.S.dollarThe rate will not fluctuate from day to day A government has to work to keep their pegged rate stableTheir national bank must hold larg
11、e reserves of foreign currency to mitigate changes in supply and demandIf a sudden demand for a currency was to drive up the exchange rate，the national bank would have to release enough of that currency into the market to meet the demandThey can also buy up currency if low demand is lowering exchang
12、e rates Countries that have immature，potentially unstable economies usually use a pegged systemDeveloping nations can use this system to prevent out-of-control inflationThe system can backfire，however，if the real world market value of the currency is not reflected by the pegged rateIn that case，a bl
13、ack market may spring up，where the currency will be traded at its market value，disregarding the governments peg When people realize that their currency isnt worth as much as the pegged rate indicates，they may rush to exchange their money for other，more stable currenciesThis can lead to economic disa
14、ster，since the sudden flood of currency in world markets drives the exchange rate very lowSo if a country doesnt take good care of their pegged rate，they may find themselves with worthless currencyMethods of Exchange：Hybrids In reality，few exchange rate systems are 100 percent floating，or 100 percen
15、t pegged.Countries using a pegged rate can avoid market panics and inflationary disasters by using a floating pegThey peg their rate to the U.S.dollar，and that rate doesnt fluctuate from day to dayHowever，the government periodically reviews their peg，and makes minor adjustments to keep it in line wi
16、th the true market value。 Floating systems arent really left to the mercy of market forces，eitherGovernments using floating exchange rates make changes to their national economic policy that can affect exchange rates，directly or indirectly。Tax cuts，changes to the national interest rate，and import ta
17、riffs can all change the value of a nations currency，even though the value technically floats The Euro On January 1，2002，the euro became the single currency of 12 member states of the European Union-making it the second largest currency in the world(the U.S.dollar being the largest)This was，to date，
18、the largest currency event in the history of the world；twelve national currencies completely disappeared and were replaced by the euro。 Although the euro is fundamentally a tool to enhance political solidarity，it also has the economic effect of unifying the economies of participating countriesSome o
19、f the euros advantages，in regard to economics，include： Elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations-the euro eliminates the fluctuations of currency values across certain borders Transaction costs-tourists and others who cross several borders during the course of a trip had to exchange their money as t
20、hey entered each new country。The costs of MI of these exchanges added up significantlyWith the euro，no exchanges are necessary within the Euroland countries Increased trade across borders-the price transparency，elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations，and the elimination of exchange-transaction cos
21、ts all contribute to an increase in trade across borders of all the Euroland countries。 Increased cross-border employment-with a single currency，it is less cumbersome for people to cross into the next country to work，because their salary is paid in the same currency they use in their own country（分数：
22、70.00）(1)._，other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S.dollar.（分数：7.00）A.After World War IB.After World Wat IIC.In 1930sD.In 1960s(2).The abolition of the gold standard in U.S.was resulted from_。（分数：7.00）A.the decline of the purchasing power of the U.S.dollarB.policy of deflation
23、C.the decreased value of goldD.the Depression(3).The use of a floating system of foreign exchange is usually supported_（分数：7.00）A.by a mature，potentially unstable economyB.by a immature but stable economyC.by a mature and stable economyD.by a immature，potentially unstable economy(4).According to the
24、 author，a pegged system of foreign exchange_（分数：7.00）A.is efficientB.is better than a floating systemC.does change from day to dayD.does not fluctuate from day to day(5).In a fixed system，the government must_if there is a sudden demand for one currency to keep the system stable（分数：7.00）A.sell enough
25、 of that currency into the marketB.buy up that currency in the marketC.discourage investmentD.hold large reserves of that currency(6).In a country adopting a floating system，the government_（分数：7.00）A.would refrain from intervening in the foreign exchange marketB.should make changes to their national
26、 economic policy that can affect exchange ratesC.should use a floating peg to avoid market panics and inflationary disastersD.should let the market decide the exchange rate(7).On January 1，2002，the euro became_（分数：7.00）A.the largest currency in the worldB.the currency replacing the U.S.dollarC.the s
27、ingle currency of the European UnionD.the currency of the whole world(8).The two most dominant currencies are_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Though the euro has the economic effect of unifying the economies in most European countries，it is fundamentally a tool to_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The advantages of the euro
28、 include elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations，transaction costs，increased trade across borders，and_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard（分数：21.00）A.about 12:00 AMB.about 3:00 AMC.about 5:00
29、AMD.about 24:00A.a giant deerB.a strange manC.a hairy alienD.a therapistA.They should call the fire departmentB.The man should seek counselingC.The man should contact the newspaperD.They should drive toward where the UFO landedQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard（分数：28.00）
30、A.The banana is still greenB.Their pet ate part of itC.The daughter hates bananasD.The banana smells weirdA.Rice and eggsB.Steak and baconC.PancakesD.CerealA.Because she helped him in the kitchenB.Because its the girls birthdayC.Because she cant cook wellD.Because her father enjoys cookingA.The girl
31、s friend drops by and brings breakfastB.The father decides to make his daughter fishC.The girl might be getting marriedD.The girl has no time to have a long chat with the fatherA.He is the right man to get the job doneB.He is a man with professional expertiseC.He is not easy to get along withD.He is
32、 not likely to get the jobA.It is being forced out of the entertainment industryB.It should change its concept of operationC.It should revolutionize its technologyD.It is a very good place to relaxA.Marys English teacher is MarkB.Marys Chinese teacher is MarkC.Mary and Mark are good friendsD.Mary an
33、d Mark are office colleaguesA.She feels that the man must go there by himselfB.She is complaining about the noise inside。C.She is disappointed that the McDonalds is always too oilyD.She feels that she cant stand the circumstance insideA.She wants the man to write a letter for herB.She wants the man
34、to take her 1etter to the post officeC.She wants the man to correct her letterD.She wants to correct the mans mistakesA.The man is writing a paperB.The man borrowed a bookC.The man lent a book to the womanD.The woman has finished with the bookA.Reserve fl table.B.Eat at McDonaldsC.Pack their foodD.B
35、uy some food at the McDonaldsA.Both speakers were running out of moneyB.The man lent some money to the womanC.The woman lent some money to the manD.The woman left her money in the library五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard（分数：21.00）A
36、.The degree of violence in programs is too highB.There shouldnt be any commercials on televisionC.Watching too much television is undesirable for childrenD.Television programs in the United States are of low qualityA.A recreational program.B.An educational program.C.A program for cartoons.D.A progra
37、m for commercialsA.They will become inactive and dullB.They will not go to cinemas as oftenC.They will forget to do their homework。D.They will imitate what they see in the programsPassage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard（分数：21.00）A.Different kinds of crimes。B.Incre
38、asingly high crime rate in the U.S.C.Seasonal changes in the natural environmentD.The relations between changes in the season and crime patternsA.February.B.MayC.JulyD.AugustA.Few people get married in June.B.Most people read serious books in summer.C.More people have mental problems in June than in
39、 other monthsD.One is most likely to make the best performance on examinations in summerPassage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard（分数：28.00）A.Men spend more nights in their friendshome than womenB.Women are much more talkative than menC.Women enjoy more and better
40、friendships than menD.Men have more difficulty remembering names than womenA.A male friendB.A female friendC.Her parentsD.Her husbandA.Men tend to keep their innermost feelings to themselvesB.Women are more serious than men about marriageC.Men often take sudden action to end their marriageD.Women de
41、pend on others in making decisionsA.Happy and successful marriagesB.Friendships of men and womenC.Emotional problems in marriageD.Interactions between men and women六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)One night in April 1912，a huge new ocean liner，the Titanic，was crossing the AtlanticShe was just about the mo
42、st (36) ship that had ever been builtShe was going very fast，which was (37) because there were icebergs in that (38) and it was very dark that nightThe passengers were all having a good time when the ship suddenly (39) one of the icebergs The giant ship began to sink slowly but (40) The entire ocean
43、 liner was in (41) All the passengers were trying to (42) ，but there were not enough lifeboats (43) on the ship since nobody thought they would be necessaryEight white rockets were fired into the air in order to get helpAnother ship，the Californian，was passing nearbyAn officer and another sailor on
44、it saw the rockets，hut they thought perhaps people were having a party on board of the ship and were just firing the rockets for funAnyway they did wake the captainBut (44) When the Titanic finally went down， (45) .They were trying tu keep the passengers calm through their heroic deeds (46) 。（分数：77.
45、00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage The mayor of County Club Hills helped arrest two men Wednesday night suspected in the random shooting a
46、15-year-old boy as he was leaving a basketball game at Hillcrest High SchoolCounty Club Hills Mayor Dwight Welch，who is also a (47) police officer，said he (48) around 9:30 P.m.to the rear parking lot of the high school，17401 Pulaski Td.，after hearing radio (49) of someone firing several shots at cro
47、wds leaving the game between Hillcrest and Rich Central High School“It was pretty (50) because no one knew where the shots were coming from。”Welch said later in a telephone (51) from his home“Within five minutes of being there we got a report that a student was shot”Welch and on-duty police LtWill G
48、arrison found a 15-year-old Hillcrest student had suffered a graze (52) to the armThe boy was taken in good condition to Advocate South Suburban Hospital in Hazel Crest，said town spokeswoman Wanda ComeinNo one else was hit In Welchs police car，they began (53) the area for a white jeep that had fled the scene south on
