1、大学四级-646 及答案解析(总分：713.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.怎样理解“谋事在人，成事在天” 2举例说明 3结论（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BNew Year Traditions/B“Happy New Year!“, that greeting will be said and heard for at least the first couple of weeks as a new year gets under way. But the day ce
2、lebrated as New Years Day in modem America was not always January 1.BAncient New Years/BThe celebration of the New Year is the oldest of all holidays. It was first observed in ancient Babylon about 4000 years ago. In the years around 2000 BC, the Babylonian New Year began with the first New Moon (ac
3、tually the first visible crescent) after the Vernal Equinox (first day of spring) .The beginning of spring is a logical time to start a new year. After all, it is the season of rebirth, of planting new crops, and of blossoming. January 1, on the other hand, has no astronomical or agricultural signif
4、icance. It is purely arbitrary.The Babylonian New Year celebration lasted for eleven days. Each day had its own particular mode of celebration, but it is safe to say that modern New Years Eve festivities pale in comparison.The Romans continued to observe the New Year in late March, but their calenda
5、r was continually tampered with by various, emperors so that the calendar soon became out of synchronization with the sun.In order to set the calendar right, the Roman senate, in 153 BC, declared January 1 to be (the beginning of the New Year. But tampering continued until Julius Caesar, in 46 BC, e
6、stablished what has come to be known as The Julian Calendar. It again established January 1 as the New Year. But in order to synchronize the calendar with the sun, Caesar had to let the previous year drag on for 445 days.BThe Churchs View of New Year Celebration/BAlthough in the first centuries A. D
7、. the Romans continued celebrating the New Year, the early Catholic Church condemned the festivities as paganism. But as Christianity became more widespread, the early church began having its own religious observances concurrently with many of the pagan celebrations, and New Years Day was no differe
8、nt. New Year is still observed as the Feast of Christs Circumcision by some denominations.During the Middle Ages, the Church remained opposed to celebrating New Years. January 1 has been celebrated as a holiday by Western nations for only about the past 400 years. BNew Year Traditions/BOther traditi
9、ons of the season include the making of New Years resolutions. That tradition also dates back to the early Babylonians. Popular modern resolutions might include the promise to lose weight or quit smoking. The early Babylonians most popular resolution was to return borrowed farm equipment.The Tournam
10、ent of Roses Parade dates back to 1886. In that year, members of the Valley Hunt Club decorated their carriages with flowers. It celebrated the ripening of the orange crop in California.Although the Rose Bowl football game was first played as a part of the Tournament of Roses in 1902, it was replace
11、d by Roman chariot races the following year. In 1916, the football game returned as the sports centerpiece of the festival.The tradition of using a baby to signify the New Year was begun in Greece around 600 t3. C. It was their tradition at that time to celebrate their god of wine, Dionysus, by para
12、ding a baby in a basket, representing the annual rebirth of that god as the spirit of fertility. Early Egyptians also used a baby as a symbol of rebirth.Although the early Christians criticized the practice as pagan, the popularity of the baby as a symbol of rebirth forced the Church to reconsider i
13、ts position. The Church finally allowed its members to celebrate the New Year with a baby, which was to symbolize the birth of the baby Jesus.The use of an image of a baby with a New Years banner as a symbolic representation of the New Year was brought to early America by the Germans. They had used
14、the image since the fourteenth century.BFor Luck in the New Year/BTraditionally, it was thought that one could affect the luck they would have throughout the coming year by what they did or ate on. the first day of the year. For that reason, it has become common for folks to celebrate the first few
15、minutes of a brand new year in the company of family and friends. Parties often last into the middle of the night after the ringing in of a new year. It was once believed that the first visitor on New Years Day would bring either good luck or bad luck the rest of the year. It was particularly lucky
16、if that visitor happened to be a tall dark-haired man.Traditional New year foods are also thought to bring luck. Many cultures believe that anything in the shape of a ring is good luck, because it symbolizes “coming full circle,“ completing a years cycle. For that reason, the Dutch believe that eati
17、ng donuts on New Years Day will bring good fortune.Many parts of the U. S. celebrate the New Year by consuming black-eyed peas. These legumes are typically accompanied by either hog jowls or ham. Black-eyed peas and other legumes have been considered good luck in many cultures. The hog, and thus its
18、 meat, is considered lucky because it symbolizes prosperity. Cabbage is another “good luck“ vegetable that is consumed on New Years Day by many. Cabbage leaves are also considered a sign of prosperity, being representative of paper currency. In some regions, rice is a lucky cod that is eaten on New
19、Years Day.BAuld Lang Syne/BThe song, “Auld Lang Syne,“ playing in the background, is sung at the stroke of midnight in almost every English-speaking country in the world to bring in the New Year. At least partially written by Robert Burns in the 1700s, it was first published in 1796 after Burns deat
20、h. Early variations of the song were sung prior to 1700 and inspired Burns to produce the modem rendition. An old Scotch tune, “Auld tang Syne“ literally means “old long since,“ or simply, “the good old days“.（分数：70.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about the New Year?（分数：7.00）A.It was first
21、 celebrated in Babylon.B.It was first celebrated about 4,000 years ago.C.It was the oldest of all holidays.D.It has always been celebrated on January 1st.(2).The beginning of spring is a logical time to start a new year because _.（分数：7.00）A.it is the most beautiful seasonB.people are less busy in th
22、is seasonC.it is a season of rebirthD.people are ready to harvest crops(3).When was January 1st eventually established as the beginning of the New Year?（分数：7.00）A.Around 2000 B. CB.4,000 years ago.C.153 B. CD.46 B. C(4).What was the early Catholics attitude towards New Year celebrations?（分数：7.00）A.T
23、hey were opposed.B.They were supportive.C.They were indifferent.D.They were friendly.(5).The New Year traditions include the following EXCEPT _.（分数：7.00）A.making New Year resolutionsB.lending farm tools to neighborsC.the Tournament of Roses ParadeD.using a baby to signify the New Year(6).Which of th
24、e following is NOT mentioned as lucky food according to the passage?（分数：7.00）A.Wheat.B.Rice.C.Cabbage.D.Donut.(7).The song “Auld Lang Syne” dates back to _.（分数：7.00）A.15th centuryB.16th centuryC.18th centuryD.19th century(8).January 1 has been celebrated as a holiday by Western nations for only abou
25、t _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The use of an image of a baby with _ as a symbolic representation of the New Year was brought to early America by the Germans.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).It was once believed that the first visitor on New Years Day would bring either good luck or bad luck the rest of the year. It wa
26、s particularly lucky if that visitor happened to be_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：126.00)A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Food canning.B.Kinds of fish.C.A new snack food.D.
27、A food flavoring.A.A) Its colors. B.B) Its texture. C.C) Its sales. 12) ) Its taste.A.To keep it longer.B.To give it a particular taste.C.To make it rougher.D.To fasten the process.BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Hospital staff only.B.Many official
28、s.C.Many Packer Hall residents.D.The art students.A.By collections made at hospital.B.By money from sponsors.C.By the funds from local hospitals.D.By contributions based on the number of miles walked.A.one dollar.B.Two dollars.C.25 cents.D.20 cents.A.Joe will keep it for himself.B.It will be used fo
29、r a new hospital.C.It will be used by the participants.D.It will be shared by the participants and the hospital.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.It took place in Chicago in 1859.B.Four cars powered by petrol took part in it.
30、C.only one carmaker, Henry Ford was unable to take part in it.D.Henry Ford had no car to take part in it.A.Workers have to walk up and down along the assembly line.B.Workers neednt move while the product is moved.C.Many people accepted the idea of an assembly line at Henry Fords time.D.Henry Fords f
31、riends supported the idea of an assembly line.A.Because he persuaded his workers to buy Model-T ears.B.Because Model-T was ugly and always black.C.Because Model-T was cheap hut Beautiful.D.Because Model T was cheap and simple and he increased his workers pay to buy cars.BQuestions 29 to 31 are based
32、 on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The federal government.B.Individual schools.C.The respective states.D.Local communities.A.According to the amount of college expenses they will pay.B.According to their records in high schools.C.According to the requirement of ages in respective stat
33、es.D.According to the scholarships the students receive.A.Get help from the government.B.Get help from their own work.C.Get help from the local community.D.Get help from private foundations.BQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.To grow beautiful flowers.B.To
34、grow a rose of new color and win a prize.C.To grow all kinds of flowers in the world.D.To take part in the competition.A.Because they hated Mr. Flowers.B.Because they just wanted to play a joke on Mr. Flowers.C.Because Mr. Flowers didnt let them watch flowers.D.Because they were naughty.A.Because he
35、 was too old to see who did it.B.Because the boys ran too fast for him to catch.C.Because it was impossible for him to he on guard all the time.D.Because he was too kind to beat the boys.A.Because they wanted to do what they were told not to.B.Because the notice was closer to the path.C.Because they
36、 hated to see the notice.D.Because the notice was in the way.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：76.00)A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to do in his U(36) /Utime. Hobbyists raise pets, build U(37) /Uships, weave baskets, or carve soap U(38) /U. They watch birds, hunt animals, climb U(39) /U, raise
37、flowers, fish, ski, skate, and swim. Hobbyists also paint pictures U(40) /Uconcerts and plays, and perform on musical U(41) /U. They collect everything from books to U(42) /U, and from shells to stamps.People take up hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment, friendship, knowledge, and U(43)
38、/U. Sometimes they even yield financial profit.U (44) /U. Hobbies also offer interesting activities for persons who have retired. Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, sick or well, can follow a satisfying hobby, regardless of his age, position, or income.U (45) /U. Doctors have found that hobbies are
39、 valuable in helping patients recover from physical or mental illnesses. Hobbies give bedridden or wheel-chair bound patients something to do, and provide interests that keep them from thinking about themselves.U (46) /U.（分数：76.01）(1).（分数：6.91）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
40、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)BQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage./BCalifornia has more than two thousandU (47) /Uof plants that are not found anywhere else. A new study says climate change could severelyU (48) /Uthese plants by the end of the century. Many
41、could move northward and toward the Pacific coast in reaction to rising temperatures and U (49) /Uin rainfall. Others might climb up mountains to find the cooler climates they like.But David Akeley at the University of California, Berkeley, says theU (50) /Uof climate change is greater than during i
42、ce ages in the past. He says plants that cannot move fast enough are inU(51) /Uof getting killed off before they can relocate. Changes in plants could also affect animals that depend on the plants for food.About forty percent of allU (52) /Uplants in California are endemic, meaning that they are fou
43、nd only in that state. The new study says that for two out of three endemic plants, the areas where they are found couldU (53) _ /Uby more than eighty percent. That, they say, is the worst possible case.The researchers point out that there are many things they cannot be sure about. ThatU (54 /Uhow m
44、uch warming to expect in the future fromU (55) /Uof heat-trapping greenhouse gases. Also, they cannot be sure what will happen toU (56) /Uspecies of plants.A) effect I) includesB) speed J) affectC) express K) shrinkD) kinds L) sureE) types M) releaseF) changes N) speciesG) individual O) nativeH) dan
45、ger（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：2，分数：80.00)BPassage One/BBQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage./BAs regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. This is an
46、 embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid. But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class“ an
47、d the “working class“. (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class“, including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists
