1、大学四级-622 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 随着世界耕地的减少和人口的爆炸，人们越来越关心食品供应问题。 2. 为什么会出现食品危机。 3. 解决食品危机的办法。 BThe Worlds Food Crisis/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BInformed public debate critical to future of genomic medicine/BJust mentioning “stem-cell researc
2、h“ or “genomic medicine“ can open a floodgate of beliefs, concerns and, misinformation. Opinions are varied, mixed with fact and fiction, but one thing is clear: Open dialogue among researchers, teachers and the general public must continue as we struggle to define the relationship between our socie
3、tal values and lifesciences research.When the University of Washington .and the National Human Genome Research Institute hosted a community genetics forum last spring, questions abounded from the standing-room-only crowd about the implications of genetic research.When is information about genetic he
4、alth risks most helpful? Should genetic testing results be part of medical records and how would the results be used potentially by insurance companies? How can genetic testing benefit the criminal-justice system, such as establishings guilt or innocence using DNA testing,The Human Genome Project wi
5、ll lead to amazing advances in medical science that will result in earlier diagnosis, more-targeted treatment, and a dramatic improvement in our ability to prevent terrible diseases. Genomic medicine will mean more personalized medicine tailored to the individual.But these advances also carry inhere
6、nt risks.The obvious benefits of “personalized medicine“ use of genetic tests to guide preventive care and better drug prescribingare counterbalanced by the possibility that such tests could lead to discrimination by insurers or employers. And, since genetic risk is often only one of the contributin
7、g factors to disease, overemphasis on personalized medicine could burden our health-care system with genetic tests of little or no benefit.For example, smoking, diet and exercise play major roles in the risk of diabetes and heart disease. Identification of a genetic risk for these diseases can provi
8、de specific information for more-effective preventive care, but should not detract from pursuit of a healthy lifestyle.The greatest health benefits of genomic research likely will come from insights into the basic biology of health and disease. This will ultimately lead to improved prevention and tr
9、eatmentoften without any need for genetic testingfor many diseases. The outcome from this research can be “precision medcine“ a morecost-effective approach to providing high-quality care. Thus, genomic medicine has the potential to improve the value of health care.An example of the potential of geno
10、mic medicine to improve quality and reduce cost is the work of UW researchers Mark Rieder, Allan Rettie and Debbie Nickerson. They recently reported the discovery of a genetic method for accurately determining the proper dosage of a common blood-thinning drug, warfarin, which often produces adverse
11、side effects because of its highly variable activity in patients.Millions of people worldwide take worldwide to prevent stroke and blood clots, yet require expensive, constant testing from their physician to ensure proper dosage. These scientists findings illustrate how the powerful DNA analysis too
12、ls of the Human Genome Project are leading to a new era of tailoring drugs and therapies to an individuals genome. Genomic medicine can lead to more-precise, personalized and cost- effective health care.Medical advances always involve risk of harm, and genomic medicine is no exception. While technic
13、al issues require scientific research, we believe the challenges posed by genetic testing are far too critical to be left to the deliberation of scientists alone.All members of society should have the opportunity to engage in collaborative discussion about the benefits and harms of genetic testing,
14、Informed public discussion is vital to continue advances that hold so much promise for improving the value of health careBoth educational resources and major organizational efforts will be needed to create opportunities for open discussion. But the most important resources are peoples time and their
15、 willingness to invest it in these discussions.Researchers, teachers and the media have an obligation to create opportunities for sharing accurate, well-balanced information about potential uses of genomic technology.（分数：70.00）(1).The University of California and the National Human Genome Research I
16、nstitute hosted a community genetics forum last summer.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The Human Genome Project will lead to amazing advances in medical science.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).China took part in the Human Genome Project in 1993.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Identification of a genetic risk for these diseases can pro
17、vide specific information for more-effective preventive care.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The greatest health benefits of genomic research will come from insights into the basic biology of health and disease.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Millions of people worldwide take warfarin to prevent stroke and blood clots.（分数：
18、7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Medical advances sometimes involve risk of harm.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Genomic medicine will mean more _ to the individual.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Genomic medicine can lead to _ health care.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).All members of society should have the opportunity to engage in_ about the benef
19、its and harms of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She doesnt have a car.B.She likes the new working environment.C.She doesnt like the company she works for.D.She wants to save on traveling time.A.Turn
20、up the volume.B.Play the music more softly.C.Stop talking so much.D.Play different music.A.It is appropriate.B.It is normal.C.It is too informal.D.It is too formal.A.That Roses new husband is a writer.B.That the man shouldnt believe everything he read.C.That appearances are often deceiving.D.That sh
21、e likes Roses husbands new book.A.She saw an ad in the newspaper.B.She learned about it from a friend.C.She heard about it during a television interview.D.She saw it on a list of job openings.A.35.B.36.C.34.D.40.A.Watching television.B.Reading a newspaper.C.Listening to the radio.D.Reading a magazin
22、e.A.She had an accident.B.She wants to go to a foreign country to learn the language.C.Andrew is a native English speaker.D.Andrew speaks English quite well.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.An assignment.B.A class.C.A grade.D.An examination.A.The elect
23、ion system in India.B.The political system of India.C.The festivals in India.D.The arts customs in India.A.Her paper due the next week.B.The material on the exam.C.Her most recent exam grade.D.Not being able to get lunch.A.To the library,B.To the department store.C.To the classroom.D.To the canteen.
24、Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.At a restaurant.B.At a canteen.C.At the womans apartment.D.At the mans house.A.There is no telephone in them.B.The telephone is busy.C.The telephone isnt working.D.There is no telephone booth.A.She doesnt smoke.B.The ma
25、n may smoke.C.She wants to smoke.D.She doesnt want the man to smoke.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Until he eats it.B.All day.C.At lease 30 minutes.D.No more than 30 minutes.A.A young one.B.A big one.C.A small o
26、ne.D.An old one.A.A clean environment.B.Proper feeding.C.Sun bathing.D.Vigorous exercise.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Employees in big corporations enjoy more activities.B.Employees in small companies enjoy more activities.C.Employees in b
27、ig corporations make more friends.D.Employees in small companies go lunch together more often.A.You pay for yourself.B.You pay half.C.Your friends pay.D.Your friends pay half.A.You should go to your friends house more often.B.You should refuse to go to your colleagues homes.C.You should try to make
28、friends with other people.D.You should work harder.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.In 1959.B.In 1896.C.In 1867D.In 1872.A.A foolish thing.B.Johnsons Folly.C.Sewards Folly.D.Presidents Foolishness.A.Because it is hard to find natural resourc
29、es.B.Because it is hopeless to find natural resources.C.Because it is poor in natural resources.D.Because it is rich in natural resources.A.To study its importance in war.B.To enjoy its freezing weather.C.To study its volcanoes.D.To enjoy its beauty of nature.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)As my trai
30、n was not due to leave for another hour, I had plenty of time to spare. After buying someU (36) /Uto read on the journey, I went to the luggage office toU (37) /Uthe suitcase I had left there three days before. I rook out my purse to find the receipt for myU (38) /UThe receipt did not seem to be whe
31、re I had left it. I took out all the things in the purse, but no matter how hard IU (39) /U, the receipt was nowhere to be found.When myU (40) /Ucame, I explained the situation to the assistant. The man looked at meU (41) /Uand asked me toU (42) /Uthe case. The assistant then gave me a form and told
32、 me to make a list of theU (43) /Uthings in the case.U (44) /UI tried to remember all the articles I had hurriedly packed and wrote them down as they came to me.After I had done this, I went to look among the shelves. I found the case lying in a comer.U (45) /U Again I took out my purse and this tim
33、e to pay. I pulled out a ten dollar note and the “lost“ receipt slipped out with it.U (46) /U. He was nodding his head knowingly, as if to say that he had often seen this happen before too!（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Rea
34、ding (总题数：1，分数：90.00)As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and although the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenlyU (47) /Uforward. At that moment, the air-hostessU (48) /U. She looked v
35、ery pale, but was quite calm. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, sheU (49) /Ueveryone that the pilot hadU (50) /Uand asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines or at least how to drive a car. After a momentsU (51) /U, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilots cabi
36、n. Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to theU (52) /Uinstructions that were being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to the ground, but to everyonesU (53) /U, it soon began to climb. The man had toU (54) /Uthe airport several t
37、imes in group to become familiar with the controls of the plane. But the danger had not yet passed. The terribleU (55) /Ucame when he had to land. FollowingU (56) /U, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. It shook violently as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly around the runway an
38、d after a long run it stopped safely.A hesitation B anxious C shifted D appearedE moment F doubt G fainted H instructionsI thrown J relief K urgent L affairM informed N impression O circle（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：
39、2，分数：80.00)BPassage One/BIt is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry or decimum. Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion,
40、but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The decimum was the wifes right to receive a tenth of all her husbands property. The wife had the right to withhold consent, in all transactions the husband would make. And more than just a right: the docu
41、ments show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.The wife shared in the management of her husbands personal property, but the opposite was not al- ways true. Women
42、 seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas, a Catalan woman of Barcelona. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherite
43、d for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miros personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says,
44、“for the sake of peace.“ Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the Catalan wife knew how to win herself, within the context of the family, a powerful economic position.（分数：40.00）(1).A decimum was _.（分数：8.00）A.the wifes inheritance from her fatherB.a gift of money to the new husband
45、C.a written contractD.the wifes right of having 10 percent of her husbands property(2).In the society described in the passage, the legal standing of the wife in marriage was _.（分数：8.00）A.higher than that of her husbandB.lower than that of her husbandC.the same as that of her husbandD.higher than th
46、at of a single woman(3).What compensation did Maria Vivas get for the field?（分数：8.00）A.Some of the land Miro had inherited.B.A tenth of Miros land.C.Money for household expenses.D.Money from Miros inheritance.(4).Could a husband sell his wifes inheritance?（分数：8.00）A.No, under no circumstances.B.Yes, whenever he wished to.C.Yes, if she agreed.D.Yes, if his father-in-law agreed.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system?（分数：8.00）A.The husband had to share the power of decision in marr
