1、大学四级-604 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.B Building the Civilized Campus/B 1大学校园里仍存在一些不文明现象(课桌文化、逃课、偷盗自行车等) 2分析问题存在的原因 3提出解决建议（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Food Poisoning - and How to Prevent It/BChanging lifestyles in the modem world have resulted in an
2、increased demand for ready-to-cat foods, fast foods and dining out. This change in demand has, in mm, brought with it new and increased problems. One of these is the risk of bacterial food poisoning.How does food poisoning occur? Usually, it takes large numbers of food poisoning bacteria to be prese
3、nt in food in order to cause illness. However, given the right conditions, bacteria can multiply very rapidly. These conditions include:BTime/B - In ideal conditions, one bacterium can multiply to 2,097,152 within seven hours.B Temperature/B - Food poisoning bacteria grow best in the temperature ran
4、ge of 5 - 60.This is called the temperature danger zone. Food should not be left in the temperature danger zone.B Nutrients /B- Bacteria need their own food source to grow and multiply. The types of foods which bacteria prefer include dairy products, egg products, meat and poultry, small goods, not
5、including salami (意大利腊肠), processed meat and chicken products, fish, shellfish and fish products.Because bacteria multiply rapidly in these foods, they are known as high risk foods. High risk foods which have been contaminated (污染) with food poisoning bacteria and then left in the temperature danger
6、 zone can cause food poisoning to anyone who consumes them.BWater/B - Without moisture, the growth of bacteria slows down and may stop. Drying is an effective form of food preserving.How does food become contaminated? Food is contaminated through poor handling and storage and through lack of persona
7、l hygiene (卫生学) by the people who prepare and serve it. Food poisoning bacteria are very widespread. They can be found in the soil, on animals and on people. Because of this, it is possible for foods such as raw meat, poultry and vegetables to contain these bacteria from the start. A common way that
8、 food can become contamination, is through cross contamination. This can occur in two ways: During food preparation, hands, utensils (器具) and equipment such as cutting boards can become contaminated with bacteria from raw food. If these utensils, equipment and hands are then used to prepare ready-to
9、-eat or cooked food, without first being thoroughly washed, then this food can become contaminated with bacteria from the raw food. As this food is not cooked again before being consumed, the bacteria in it will not be killed by cooking.During storage, bacteria from raw food can contaminate ready- t
10、o- eat or cooked food if the later are not stored separately. If they are stored in the same refrigerator, raw food should always be stored in the lowest part of the refrigerator and ready-to-eat or cooked food on the shelves above. This prevents liquids from the raw food dripping on to the cooked f
11、ood. Store food in clean non- toxic washable containers or cover with foil or plastic film.How can food poisoning be prevented? Food poisoning can be prevented by:(1) Preventing food from becoming contaminated.(2) Preventing the bacteria in the food growing and multiplying.We can think of food poiso
12、ning as being a chain of circumstances:There must be bacteria on the food.The bacteria have the right conditions to grow-warmth ( between 5 and 60) , moisture and food.The bacteria have time to grow and multiply.If this chain of events can be broken, food poisoning can be prevented.Some of the ways
13、of breaking this chain are:Making sure your hands are dean before handing food.Thoroughly washing all equipment used for preparing raw foods.Storing raw foods below cooked foods in the refrigerator.Storing food correctly - not in the Temperature Danger Zone.Making sure food is served as soon as poss
14、ible after preparation.BSome Common Food Poisoning Bacteria/BBSalmonella /B(沙门氏菌)BCommonly found in:/B meat, poultry, eggs and egg products.BSymptoms:/B nausea (恶心), stomach cramps, diarrhea (痢疾), fever and headache.BOnset(发作): /B6 - 72 hours after consuming contaminated food. Symptoms can last from
15、 3-5 days.BBacillus/B (杆状菌)BCommonly found in: /BCereals, rice, meat products, packet soups.BSymptoms: /Bnausea, vomiting, diarrhea and stomach cramps.BOnset: /B1-6 hours after consuming the contaminated food. Symptoms usually last no longer than 24 hours.BNote: /BThese bacteria produce spores which
16、 are not killed during cooking. When cooked food containing these spores, has been left in the temperature danger zone, the spores produce toxins (poisons) in the food which can cause food poisoning.BStaphylococcus aureus/BBCommonly found in:/B Meat and poultry dishes, egg products mayonnaise-based
17、salads, cream or custard filled desserts.BSymptoms:/B acute vomiting, nausea, occasionally diarrhea and cramps.BOnset: /B30 minutes - 8 hours after consuming the contaminated food. Symptoms usually last about 24 hours.BNote:/B These bacteria produce toxins in food. The toxin is not destroyed during
18、cooking so correct storage of food before and after cooking is essential. These bacteria are commonly found on the skin and in the nose and mouths of healthy people.Therefore, it is important that you maintain high standards of personal hygiene (卫生学) when working with food. People with open cuts or
19、wounds on their hands and arms must ensure that the injury is completely protected by a waterproof bandage. BOther common food poisoning bacteria include:/BClostridium perfringens.Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Listeria monocytogenes.（分数：70.00）(1).Nowadays, peoples lifestyles are changing, which has result
20、ed in the demand for fast foods.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).In fact, one bacterium can grow very quickly even just within seven hours.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Usually one bacterium is sufficient to cause illness.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Fruit that is not fresh can also cause food poisoning.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Samonel
21、las onset may take 6 to 72 hours to happen and the symptoms may last longer than 24 hours.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Only if cooked food and raw food are stored in the same refrigerator, the former would be contaminated.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).If the food with bacteria are cooked under 75, food poisoning can b
22、e prevented.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Time, temperature, nutrients and water are the four conditions bacteria need in order to _ rapidly.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9)._ is a very common way that makes the food become contaminated with bacteria.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The poison produced by bacteria is not destroyed du
23、ring cooking, so correct _ before and after cooking is essential.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.The man and woman study the same course.B.Jim lives nearer to the university than the man.C.The man lives
24、 nearer to the university than Jim.D.The man and woman live together.A.The bank.B.The car park.C.The lake.D.The office.A.112.B.117.C.132.D.123.A.A long time, its a quiet area.B.Not long, its a busy area.C.5 minutes.D.30 minutes or so.A.She thinks she has broken her arm.B.She has an upset stomach.C.S
25、he thinks she has broken her leg.D.She has a bad cold.A.Because she has nothing else to do that evening.B.Because she likes the man.C.Because she has once read a book written by the man.D.Because she is interested in the topic of the lecture.A.A restaurant.B.A bar.C.A library.D.A classroom.A.The men
26、u.B.The bill.C.The wine list.D.The special food of the day.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Yes, a very nice man.B.No, nobody likes him.C.Hes OK.D.She doesnt have a boss.A.Shes a waitress.B.Shes an engineer.C.Shes a computer programmer.D.Shes a compute
27、r technician.A.No, its not famous.B.Yes, its very famous.C.No, he doesnt like cartoons.D.Yes, he works there too.A.Have a chat with her boss.B.Quit her job.C.Come to work in his company.D.Talk to her co-workers.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Eating a
28、ll of the food.B.Using the right knives, forks and glasses.C.Going to the toilet.D.Drinking too much wine.A.Drink wine.B.Eat vegetarian food.C.Make noise when you eat.D.Never talk with your mouth full.A.On the table.B.On your elbow.C.Under the table.D.On your lap.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassa
29、ge OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.It has dropped in numbers.B.It has tripled.C.It has doubled.D.It has become mostly Hispanic.A.Afro-Americans.B.Juvenile offenders.C.Caucasians.D.Hispanics.A.Native Americans.B.Petty thieves.C.Afro-Americans.D.Murdere
30、rs.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Fourth.B.Fifth.C.Tenth.D.Twelfth.A.They do nothing but watch the process.B.They talk about the whole thing all the time.C.They follow the first guy jumping out the window and land safely.D.They jump out the
31、window and get killed.A.Because he is a superman.B.Because he catches the updraft of a air vent near the ground.C.Because he is protected by God.D.Because he is drunk.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Wall Street Journal.B.National Enquirer.C
32、.USA Today.D.Time.A.Going to the moon.B.The atomic bomb.C.AIDS.D.Watergate.A.North and south.B.East and west.C.South and west.D.North and east.A.Everyone agrees.B.No one.C.Some people agree, while some people disagree.D.Most people disagree.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The continental United States
33、 will face more extreme temperatures during the next century and worse rainfall along its Gulf Coast which has been ravaged by hurricanes this year, according to a climate study. The study warned thatU (36) /Ugases will likely swell to twice theirU (37) /U levels by the centurys end.“Imagine the wea
34、ther during the hottest two weeks of the year,“ leadU (38) /UNoah Diffenbaugh said, referring to northeast United States. “The area could experience temperatures in that rangeU (39) /Ufor periods of up to two months by centurys end,“ he said.Researchers claimed the study, run on supercomputers, is t
35、he most comprehensiveU (40) /U model to date. ItU (41) /Uthe southwest United States could endure a 500 percent increase in hot events, leaving less water for the growing population, that the Gulf Coast region would U(42) /U more rainfall in a shorter time span and that summers in the northeast woul
36、d be shorter and hotter. Overall, the United States would experience a warmingU (43) /U, the study predicts. “The changes our model predicts are large enough to substantially disrupt our economy and infrastructure,“ said Diffenbaugh.U (44) /U.The model considered circumstances not fully included in
37、previous models, such as snow which reflects energy from the sun back into space, and mountain peaks, which can stand in the way of traveling weather fronts.U (45) /U.“The model performed admirably,“ Diffenbaugh said.U (46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
38、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)There is much discussion about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have been U(47) /U Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have
39、 good U(48) /U, we may be producing too much, too fast.Those who U(49) /U economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the U(50) /U supply of natural resources, the possible U(51) /U effects of industry on the natural
40、environment, and the continuing increase in the worlds population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will U(52) /U.People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many p
41、oor people in the world. These U(53) /U of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the U(54) /U resources required to protect our natural surroundings from
42、industrialization.This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of U(55) /U importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be U(56) /U To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay
43、 attention to these problems and continue discussion them with one another.A) exclusive I) negativeB) proponents J) decreaseC) criticize K) requiredD) improved L) suppliersE) financial M) justifiedF) challenge N) ignoredG) intentions O) vitalH) fixed（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
44、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：2，分数：80.00)BPassage One/BThere are people who are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder“ so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these peopl
45、e are internally “driven“ to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate (过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word “workaholic“ has been created to
46、 describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic (酒鬼) is to liquor.There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, effici
