1、大学四级-593 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.机动车被看作是空气污染的首要原因 2提出解决这一问题的方法 3并说明原因 B One Way to Solve the Problem/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Foods That Fight Disease/BThe food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bod
2、ys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones.With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foods-fruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoes-is the bodys best w
3、eapon in thwarting (阻止) many health- related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones.Heres what is currently known about these different disease-figh
4、ting foods.BCancer Fighters/BPreventing cancer is a compelling reason to load up your cart in the produce department. Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plaint- based foods and minimized hi
5、gh-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight.In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently bel
6、ieve that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high- fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,“ says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition educatio
7、n at the American Institute for Cancer Research.Although scientists are still not certain about the specifics, theyre beginning to close in on the healthful constituents of plant-based foods. In particular, theyre looking closely at two components-antioxidants and phytochemicals.The antioxidants( ca
8、rotenoids, such as beta carotene and lycopene, and vitamins C and E ) found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods fight free radicals (自由基), which are compounds in the body that attack and destroy cell membranes. The uncontrolled activity of free radicals is believed to cause many cance
9、rs.The phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables protect the body by stunting the growth of malignant cells. Phytochemicals, naturally occurring substances, include indoles in cabbage or cauliflower, saponins in peas and beans, and isoflavones in soymilk and tofu. Investigators have only an in
10、kling of how many phytochemicals exist and how they work. They are confident, however, that you can get a basketful of anti-cancer nutrients by mixing and matching at least five servings a day of fruits and vegetables with seven or more starchy or protein-rich plant foods such as grains, peas and be
11、ans, and potatoes.Supplements can help you get some of the benefits of these substances, but they are no replacement for real food. “When you take a supplement, youre getting specific vitamins and minerals, but not the thousands of phytochemicals that might be present in fruits and vegetables,“ says
12、 registered dietitian Amy Jamieson of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in Ohio. “If you eat a sweet potato with its skin, which is a great source of both beta carotene and fiber, youll consume at least 5,000 phytochemicals that arent present in a beta carotene supplement. Thats a really important dif
13、ference.“BDigestive Tract Protectors/BAlthough the food you eat affects every system in your body, your digestive tract bears the initial brunt of your choices. To keep it running smoothly and disease-free, aim for a diet high in fiber. Unfortunately, most Americans eat only about half the 20 to 35
14、grams they need each day, even though fiber is readily available in raw and cooked fruits and vegetables, as well as in grain products such as breads, cereals, pasta, and rice.Fiber comes in two forms, soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber, found in fruits, vegetables, brown rice, oats, and barley, l
15、owers blood cholesterol levels and slows the entry of glucose into the bloodstream, an important factor in preventing or controlling diabetes. Insoluble fiber, found mainly in whole grains, fruit and vegetable peels, high fiber cereals, and wheat and com bran, keeps your digestive tract in order. In
16、soluble fiber soaks up water, adding the bulk that pushes possible cancer- causing substances( carcinogens ) out of the intestine.“Most research supports the protective effect of a diet high in fruits, vegetables, beans, and grains,“ says Polk, citing the American Institute for Cancer Researchs own
17、1997 report, “Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective,“ which reviewed 4,500 international studies before coming to this conclusion.BHeart-Saving Foods/BNo other part of your body benefits more from good dietary choices than your cardiovascular (心血管的) system. What you eat,
18、 and choose not to eat, has a dramatic effect on your risk for heart disease and stroke.Saturated fat, found mostly in meat and full-fat dairy products, is the major culprit in raising blood cholesterol, the main ingredient of artery-clogging plaque. Overindulging in these foods raises the risk of d
19、eveloping heart disease. But you can lower this risk by shifting the emphasis so that nutrient and fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains make up approximately two-thirds of what you eat each day.While fiber is the most important dietary adjunct in controlling blood cholesterol, fib
20、er-rich foods contain other nutrients, including antioxidants and phytochemicals, which researchers believe also deter the buildup of plaque in arteries. But the mechanism is unclear. “Is it the nutrients in these foods that have a positive effect, or is it that the more of them you eat, the less fa
21、t-laden food you consume?“ asks Alice H. Lichtenstein, D. Sc., of the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts University in Boston. “We dont know the answer right now, but its probably a combination of both.“What is clear is that you can eat a heart-healthy diet and still include some fat. “We
22、ve made people aware of cholesterol and fat,“ says Sayed F. Feghali, M.D., a cardiologist at the Texas Heart Institute in Houston. “Theres no question that saturated fat is the villain when it comes to cholesterol buildup in blood vessels. But we need some fat. We cannot function on a zero-fat diet.
23、“So be judicious in your choices. Restrict meat and dairy products to less than 10 percent of your daily calories. Try poultry, dried beans, eggs, and nuts for protein and energy. Soy products, when substituted for animal protein, show promise in reducing LDL (“bad“) cholesterol. Substitute heart-he
24、althy monounsaturated oils, such as olive, canola, and peanut, for saturated and hydrogenated fats.BBone-Building Foods/BThe road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into
25、your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile.Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells.
26、If you dont absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesnt produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults dont eat more than
27、500 mg.One reason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,“ says Letha Y. Griffin, M.D., of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium wi
28、thout eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.“ Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium.If you find it difficult to include enough calcium i
29、n your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. Theyre a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But theres a downside. If you rely on pills in lieu of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may
30、be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the suns rays.（分数：70.00）(1).This article is mainly about how to keep healthy through food and exercises.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Researchers currently believe not eating fat is most important in preventing cancers.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3)
31、.The phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables protect the body by stunting the growth of malignant cells.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Supplements can be replacement for real food.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).To keep digestive tract running smoothly and disease-free, aim for a diet high in fat.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(
32、6).Your cardiovascular system benefits most from good dietary choices.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Calcium-rich food can help you get strong bones.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Because _ you must continually replenish the supply of calcium.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your
33、diet, _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).It may be easy to get vitamin D, since _ when your skin is exposed to the suns rays.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.They have two children already.B.They will start a fam
34、ily as soon as they get married.C.Lisa wishes to have children, but her husband doesnt.D.They dont want children for the time being.A.Gas station.B.Lost and Found department.C.Police station.D.Bar.A.Because she was sick.B.Because her husband was sick.C.Because probably someone had been hurt.D.Becaus
35、e her husband needed an ambulance.A.In a library.B.In a court.C.In a hospital.D.In a restaurant kitchen.A.Sebring High School.B.Melrose Community College.C.Clark High School.D.Community College.A.Shes got heart trouble.B.Shes got high blood pressure.C.Shes got a lung disease.D.Shes got headaches.A.I
36、n a restaurant.B.In a private home.C.In a department store.D.In an art supply shop.A.15.B.135.C.50.D.150.BQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Theyve lost their suitcases.B.Their dorm rooms have been given to other students.C.They cant find their dormito
37、ry.D.Theyve missed the bus to their dormitory.A.Its far from the academic buildings.B.There are few first-year students living there.C.No buses go to it.D.Its older than the other dormitories.A.Its fast.B.It runs at convenient times.C.It runs at inconvenient times,D.Its slow.A.They can get exercise.
38、B.They can go by bike.C.Its boring.D.Its interesting.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.She preferred homestay families.B.She didnt like her cousin.C.Her aunt needed the room for her cousin.D.Her aunt didnt like her.A.Eighteen months.B.Six months.C.Tw
39、elve months.D.Fifteen months.A.General English.B.Medicine.C.Academic English.D.Medical English.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.In the second half of the 19th century.B.In the first half of the 20th century.C.In t
40、he 1960s.D.In the early 1800s.A.Movies with sound.B.The radio.C.Nylon.D.The computer.A.Improved living conditions.B.Many inventions in industry.C.New ways to help people get over diseases.D.Industrialization in developing countries.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have jus
41、t heard./B（分数：21.00）A.By taxing public services.B.By providing needed services.C.By making people pay for private bills.D.By collecting taxes.A.Nobody would take care of the city.B.There would be no protection from crime.C.There would be no schools.D.People would be very happy.A.Education.B.Administ
42、ration.C.Public security.D.Transportation.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.In Washington.B.In New York.C.In London.D.In Yorkshire.A.Chewing gums.B.Magazines.C.Earphones.D.Seat belts.A.Cocktail.B.Earphone.C.Gum.D.Computer.A.The stewardess.B.M
43、y friend.C.A passenger.D.The pilot.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest U(36) /U who ever lived. He thought that people could be free when they wrote music. Before his time, music was composed for a special U(37) /U. Often it was church music. Or, music was writ
44、ten to U(38) /U at parties and concerts.Beethoven was born in Germany in 1770. He was a very musical child. The boy learned to play the U(39) /U and piano, but he was not happy at home. His mother died when he was in his teens. After that, his father was often drunk and U(40) /U. Beethoven became a
45、U(41) /U in a rich family. His students mother was very kind to the young teacher. She helped him meet many famous U(42) /U. One of them was Mozart. He said, “That boy will give the world something worth listening to.“When Beethoven was in his twenties, he began to go deaf. The deafness changed his
46、behaviors. He became U(43) /U and moody. U(44) /U.Beethoven died when he was 57 years old. U(45) /U. U(46) /U（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)During sleep, the fatigue (疲劳) of the body U(47) /U and rec
47、uperation (恢复) begins. The tired mind gathers new energy. Once awake, the memory improves, and annoyance and problems are seen in a better U(48) /U.Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. U(49) /U sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and, as they brow older, the U(50) /U gradually diminishes. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a
