1、大学四级-580 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.中国的家长一方面苛刻的要求孩子学习各种知识 2.另一方面，中国的家长为孩子提供无微不至的关心和服务 3.我的观点是（分数：103.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions:For questions 1-7, mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N(for NO) if the
2、 statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed HistoryTom Standage urges drinkers to savo
3、r the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste.The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker Company, June 2005), Standage lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day.“The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today
4、,” said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist. “They are relics(纪念物) of different historical periods still found in our kitchens.”Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization. BeerThe ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states i
5、n the area of present-day Iraq, began fermenting(发酵) beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.“When people started agriculture, the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer,” Standage noted. “Its the drink associated with the dawn of civilization.
6、 Its as simple as that.”Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning.“Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and made whenever they wanted,” said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of Californi
7、a, Davis.“The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread,” Standage added. “It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it. Today its the drink of the working man, and it was then as well.”WineWine may be as old or older than beer-though no one can be certain.Pal
8、eolithic humans probably sampled the first “wine”as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures.“To make wine you have to have fresh grapes,” said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. “For beer you can just store grain and add wate
9、r to process it at any time.”Making wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid.“Wine may be easier to make than beer, but its harder to store,” Bisson added.“For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch fermenting grape juice as wine on its way to becoming vineg
10、ar. ”Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet(威望)than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities.Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various soci
11、al classes.The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion.“Once you had regions like Greece and Rome that could distinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost,” Bisson said. “Beer just wasnt as special.”SpiritsHard liquor, particularly
12、 brandy and rum, placated(安抚)sailors during the long sea voyages of the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, and early 17th centuries.Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominat
13、ed the Atlantic economy.Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britains American colonies. “Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy,” he explained. “When the British tried to tax molasses, it struck a
14、t the heart of the economy. The idea ofno taxation without representationoriginated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it refer to tea.”Great Britains longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navys drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒), which was made a compulsory beverage fo
15、r sailors in the late 18th century.“They would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice,” Standage said.“This improved the taste but also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet.”CoffeeThe story of modern coffee starts in the A
16、rabian Peninsula, where roasted beans were first brewed around 1000 A.D. Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout the Arab world.“In the Arab world coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternatives to taverns (酒馆)-both of which are banned by Islam,” Standage
17、 said.When coffee arrived in Europe it was similarly hailed as an “anti-alcohol”that was quite welcome during the Age of Reason in the 18th century.“Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, heres a drink that sharpens the mind,” Standage said. “The coffeehouse is the perfect venue(
18、聚会地点) to get together and exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse.”Coffee also fuelled commerce and had strong links to the rituals of business that remain to the present day. Lloyds of London and the London Stock Exchange were both originally coffeehouses.TeaT
19、ea became a daily drink in China around the third century A. D.Standage says tea played a leading role in the expansion of imperial and industrial might in Great Britain many centuries later. During the 19th century, the East India Company enjoyed a monopoly on tea exports from China.“Englishmen aro
20、und the world could drink tea, whether they were a colonial administrator in India or a London businessman,”Standage said. “The sun never set on the British Empire-which meant that it was always teatime somewhere.”As the Industrial Revolution of 18th and 19th centuries gained steam, tea provided som
21、e of the fuel. Factory workers stayed alert during long, monotonous shifts thanks to welcome tea breaks.The beverage also had unintended health benefits for rapidly growing urban areas.“When you start packing people together in cities, its helpful to have a water-purification technology like tea,” w
22、hich was brewed with boiling water, Standage explained.Coca-ColaIn 1886 pharmacist John Stith Pemberton sold about nine Coca-Colas a day. Today his soft drink is one of worlds most valuable brands-sold in more countries than the United Nations has members.“It may be the second most widely understood
23、 phrase in the world after OK”, Standage said.The drink has become a symbol of the United States-love it or hate it. Standage notes that East Germans quickly reached for Cokes when the Berlin Wall fell, while Thai Muslims poured it out into the streets to show disdain for the U.S. in the days leadin
24、g up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.“Coca-Cola encapsulates what happened in the 20th century: the rise of consumer capitalism and the emergence of America as a superpower,” Standage said.“Its globalization in a bottle.”While Coke may not always produce a smile, a survey by the Economist magazine (Sta
25、ndages employer), suggests that the soft drinks presence is a great indicator of happy citizens. When countries were polled for happiness, as defined by a United Nations index, high scores correlated with sales of Coca-Cola.“Its not because Coke makes people happy, but because its sales happen in th
26、e dynamic free-market economies that tend to produce happy people,” Standage said.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives a brief description of the content of a new book, A History of the World in 6 Glasses.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The ancient Sumerians began fermenting beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago
27、.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Today beer is the drink of the working man, which was not the case before.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Greeks probably sampled the first “wine“ as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The caveats and the expense of producing wine helped it quickly gain more ca
28、chet than beer.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Standage suggests that tea may have been more responsible than rum for the independence movement in Britains American colonies.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Coffee is the best drink according to Standage.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread thro
29、ughout_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).During the 19th century, the monopoly on tea exports from China is_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Coca-Cola has become a symbol of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BSection A/BDirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations
30、. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the bes
31、t answer. （分数：56.00）A.Teacher and student.B.Doctor and patient.C.Manager and office worker.D.Travel agent and customer.A.He has been to Seattle many times.B.He has chaired a lot of conferences.C.He holds a high position in his company.D.He lived in Seattle for many years.A.Save time by using a compu
32、ter.B.Buy her own computer.C.Borrow Marthas computer.D.Stay home and complete her paper.A.The man hates to lend his tools to other people.B.The man hasnt finished working on the bookshelf.C.The tools have already been returned to the woman.D.The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.A.At
33、 the airport.B.In a restaurant.C.In a hooking office.D.At the hotel reception.A.She used to be in poor health.B.She was popular among boys.C.She was somewhat overweight.D.She didnt do well at high school.A.He thinks she should visit her cousin.B.Her cousin doesnt visit very often.C.Her cousin is fee
34、ling a lot better today.D.He doesnt think her cousin has been at home today.A.He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late.B.He prefers staying at home because he doesnt like to travel.C.He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.D.He prefers traveling with the woman.Quest
35、ions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She is complaining to her manager.B.She is talking on the phone with her friend.C.She is talking with her friend in person.D.She is checking phone messages.A.She gave him a dirty look and finally turned around to get his cof
36、fee.B.She practically threw the coffee at him.C.She gave him the wrong coffee.D.She told him that he had made a mistake in telling her his order.A.Call the manager to complain.B.Pour the coffee over the waitresss head.C.Ask the manager to uninstall the phone in the coffee shop.D.Call on all his rela
37、tives and friends not to go to that coffee shop again.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It can be somewhat aggressive.B.It eats too much food at one time.C.The dog might mess on his carpet.D.It barks too loudly.A.Take the dog for some exercise with a Fr
38、isbee.B.Feed him an afternoon doggie treat for a snack.C.Let the dog watch a program on television.D.Put out some soft classical music for the dog.A.The snake appears to be fond of the woman.B.The snake doesnt care for woman at all.C.The snake is extremely shy of woman.D.The snake is indifferent to
39、the woman.A.The man should seek someone who is well-trained with animals.B.The man should take his animals to the zoo for special care.C.The woman agrees to watch them for a lot of extra money.D.The man should give up raising the animals.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions:In this section, you
40、will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on t
41、he passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.To look for two of her close friends.B.To stay at home and study.C.To share an apartment with friends.D.To move out and live alone.A.She couldnt find a good place to stay.B.Her friend and she couldnt afford the rent.C.A friend left her for works sake.D.She
42、quarreled with her friends.A.Because her home was far away from school.B.Because her parents asked her to do so.C.Because she was bored living outside.D.Because the place where she lived caught fire.A.Because she was disappointed in the college.B.Because she kept moving all the time and couldnt conc
43、entrate on studying.C.Because her home was too far away from school and it was inconvenient.D.Because she was not interested in study at all.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.It would be a terrible experience.B.The charges are too high for them to
44、 afford.C.They often have to wait for a long time.D.They are usually too busy to go there.A.White.B.Yellow.C.Red.D.Green.A.How the dentists help patients relax.B.What colors to use in painting walls in a hospital.C.Seeing a dentist could be a less painful experience.D.Trust and understanding of dent
45、ists help reduce patientsanxiety and tension.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Changes in Child Rearing.B.Changes in American Sex Roles.C.Changes in Mens Roles in Family Life.D.Changes in Womens Roles in Career Pursue.A.Fathers also give a wash
46、to their children.B.Women and men equally share housework.C.Wives are no longer submissive and obedient.D.Parents have new attitude towards bringing up children.A.In doing housework.B.In educating children.C.In bringing up children.D.In jobs and business situations.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Dire
47、ctions： In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just
48、heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Imagine sending electronic mail to your friend in the U.S.or discussing your gardening problem with aU (36) /Uin Australia, or searching the contents of several universityU (37) /Uwithout leaving home. All of this, and
