1、大学四级-541 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现在国家主张建立和谐型社会。师生关系也应该和谐； 2我心目中的和谐的师生关系； 3我们应该如何去建立这样的师生关系。 BMy View on Harmonious Teacher-Student Relationship/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BMarriage by the Numbers/BWhen Laurie Aronson was 29, she had little patie
2、nce for people who inquired why she still wasnt married. “Im not one of those unmarried women who sit home Friday night and cry,“ she said. As she passed 35, however, and one relationship after another failed to lead to the altar, she began to worry. “Things were kinking pretty depressive,“ she says
3、. But then a close friends brother a man shed known for yearsdivorced. Slowly their friendship blossomed into romance. At 39, Aronson married him, becoming Laurie Aronson Starr and the stepmother to his three kids. Then, after five years of treatment, she became pregnant with a son wholl be 4 in Jul
4、y. “My parents are thrilledits a relief for everyone,“ says Starr, now 49. “I wish I could have found the right person earlier and had more children. But Im very happy now.“As happy endings go, hers has a particularly delicious irony. Twenty years ago this week, Aronson was one of more than a dozen
5、single women featured in the cover story of the magazine of Newsweek. In “The Marriage Crunch,“ the magazine reported on new research predicting that white, college-educated women who failed to marry in their 20s. According to the research, a woman who remained single at 30 had only a 20 percent cha
6、nce of ever marrying. By 35, the probability dropped to 5 percent. In the storys most infamous line, it is reported that a 40-year-old single woman was “more likely to be killed by a terrorist“ than to ever marry. That comparison wasnt in the study, and even in those pre-9/11 days, it struck many pe
7、ople as an offensive analogy (类推). Nonetheless, it quickly became established in pop culture and is still routinely cited in TV shows and news stories.Across the country, women reacted the research in Newsweek with fury, anxietyand skepticism. “The popular media have invented a national marital cris
8、is on the basis of a single academic experiment. of doubtful statistical merit,“ wrote Susan Faludi, then a 27-year-old reporter at the San Jose Mercury News, who saw the controversy as one example against feminism (男女平等主义).Twenty years later, the situation looks far brighter. Those odds-shell-marry
9、 statistics turned out to be too pessimistic: today it appears that about 90 percent of baby-boomer men and women either have married or will marry, a ratio thats well in line with historical averages. And these days, about half of all women get married by their 20s, as they did in 1960. At least 14
10、 percent of women born between 1955 and 1964 married after the age of 30. Today the median age for a first marriage25 for women, 27 for menis higher than ever before.Not everyone wants to marry, of course. And were long past those Jane Austen days when being “marriage-minded“ was primarily a female
11、quality; today many men openly hope for a wife just as much as women long for a husband. The good news is that older singles who desire a spouse appear to face far kinder odds nowadays. When the Census last passed the numbers in 1996, a single woman at 40 had a 40.8 percent chance of eventually marr
12、ying. Today those odds are probably even higherand may be only slightly worse than the probability of correctly choosing “heads“ or “tails“ in a coin toss.To mark the anniversary of the cover story, the newspaper of Newsweek located 11 of the 14 single women in the story. Among them, eight are marri
13、ed and three remain single. Several have children or stepchildren. None divorced. Twenty years ago Andrea Quattrocchi was a career-focused Boston hotel executive and reluctant to settle for a spouse who didnt share her fondness for sailing and sushi. Six years later she met her husband at a beachfro
14、nt bars; they married when she was 36. Today shes a stay-at-home mom with three kidsand yes, the couple regularly enjoys sushi and sailing. “You can have it all today if you waitthats what Id tell my daughter,“ she says. “Enjoy your life when youre single, then find someone in your 30s like Mommy di
15、d.“The research that led to the marriage predictions began at Harvard and Yale in the mid-1980s. Three researchers- Nell Bennett, David Bloom and Patricia Craigbegan exploring why so many women werent marrying in their 20s, as most Americans traditionally had. Would these women still marry someday,
16、or not at all? To find an answer, they used “life table“ techniques, applying data from past age group to predict future behaviorthe same method typically used to predict death rates. “Its the important tool of demography (人口统计学),“ says Johns Hopkins sociologist Andrew Cherlin. “They were looking at
17、 40-year-olds and making predictions for 20-year-olds.“ The researchers focused on women, not men, largely because government statisticians had collected better age-of-marriage data for females as part of its studies on birth patterns and birthrates.Despite the flawed statistics, some observers say
18、the story holds up well. “Once you got over the sensational aspects, there was a lot of substance,“ says E. Kay Trimberger, a sociologist at Sonoma State University and author of “The New Single Woman.“ Among other trends the original story identified were the rise in cohabitation, the emergence of
19、single mothers by choice, the fact that many single women were very happy with their lives, and an increasingly out-of-the-closet gay population as factors affecting marriage rates.Some demographers immediately doubted the odds. Within months Census researchers did their own study and concluded that
20、 a 40-year-old single woman really had a 17 to 23 percent probability of eventually marrying, not 2.6 percent. In retrospect, the demographers faced a huge challenge in getting these predictions right. Thats because marital behavior was undergoing a profound shift. Before 1980, a woman who hadnt mar
21、ried by 30 probably never would. But times were changing. “Women werent remaining unmarried because marriage was less appealing, but because it was becoming more appealing to wait,“ says Steven Martin, a University of Maryland sociologist.Such unexpected shifts are part of what makes demographic for
22、ecasting extremely difficult, not unlike making weather forecasts in the midst of a hurricane. Even though the original forecasts were wrong, todays researchers remain respectful of Bennett, Bloom and Craigs work. Their marriage-forecast numbers were only a minor part of their study, and the authors
23、 remain proud of their papers larger findings on the diverging marriage rates between blacks and whites and the role that education plays in marriage. Today a new generation of sociologists (社会学家) continues to tinker (修补) with the delayed-marriage puzzle.（分数：70.00）(1).When Laurie Aronson was over 35
24、, she did not feel worried because she was unwilling to get married.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to the research in Newsweek, it was predicted that the older an after-her-20s but unmarried woman was, the less possibly she would marry.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Susan Faludi disagreed with the prediction of
25、 the research in Newsweek.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).In 1960, there are more than 50% of all women that would get married before their 20s.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).From the passage, it is known most men in those Jane Austen days were willing to keep single.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Among the 14 single women in the co
26、ver story of Newsweek, eight of them are married and the rest six still remain single now.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).The “life table“ techniques can be also adopted to predict death rates.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to Steven Martin, women retrained unmarried because it was becoming mote appealing to _.（
27、分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Nowadays, demographic forecasting is becoming extremely difficult partly because of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Today a new generation of sociologists continues to further study the puzzle of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the convers
28、ation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.To buy some stamps.B.To wait for the postman.C.To mail the letter himself.D.To deliver a package to the postman.A.Repair the other door.B.Visit some ruins.C.Have an outdoor party.D.Catch the Saturday train.A.She wants to know who the students are.B.She wants to
29、meet the president.C.Shes not eager to greet the president.D.Shes sure she has met the president before.A.Finish putting her book away.B.Stop what she is doing.C.Finish her work elsewhere.D.Help the man a little bit later.A.She was not able to manage the project well.B.She had managed to recover fro
30、m the shock.C.She was not sure about the mystery in the project.D.She wasnt sure how she could finish it so early.A.One course.B.Two courses.C.Three courses.D.More than three courses.A.The flight is taking its regular route.B.The airport is closed due to bad weather.C.The closure affected the airpor
31、ts schedule.D.The plane will fly back to its point departure.A.They will keep the chairs for a long time.B.The man suggests they move to another place.C.The woman is complaining about the bad chairs.D.The man thinks they had hatter have the chairs replaced.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the convers
32、ation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He is very interested in it.B.He is indifferent to it.C.He is surprised about it.D.He is angry with it.A.Its low purchase price.B.Its wide availability.C.Its good nutritional value.D.Its higher water content.A.In a few weeks.B.In two or three months.C.In about t
33、wo years.D.In ten years.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Newspaper of low price.B.Newspaper with attractive headline.C.Newspaper with sports page.D.Newspaper with business section.A.The size of the daily newspaper.B.The staff of the daily newspaper.C.T
34、he circulation of the daily newspaper.D.The advertisements in the daily newspaper.A.The whole paper.B.The parts that interest her.C.The news section only.D.The business section only.A.Because they are not news.B.Because they arent pleasant to read.C.Because most people dont like to read about them.D
35、.Because they are difficult to understand.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The religious significance.B.The custom of giving gifts.C.The habit of spending it with the family.D.The custom of food that day.A.Family
36、members.B.Friends and colleagues.C.Parents and grandparents.D.Family and friends.A.It is for people to relax.B.It is for people to make boxes.C.It is for people to enjoy excitement.D.It is for people to eat too much.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21
37、.00）A.Human brains differ considerably.B.The brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence.C.An environmentally handicapped person wont attain his due level of intelligence.D.Environment is important in determining a persons intelligence.A.85.B.100.C.110.D.125.A.It can be
38、predicted at birth.B.It stays the same throughout his life.C.It can be increased by education.D.It is inherited from his parents.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.In 1992.B.In 2000.C.In 2004.D.In 1972.A.By watching some films about World Envi
39、ronment Day.B.By listening to some lectures and planting trees, etc.C.By planting trees, having some green concerts, bicycle parades, etc.D.By delivering some speeches about World Environment Day.A.On 5 June.B.On 20 March.C.On 15 July.D.On 26 April.A.Desert and Icea Hot Topic.B.Rivers and Oceansa Ho
40、t Topic.C.Melting Icea Hot Topic.D.Trees and Foresta Hot Topic.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The Olympic Games are held every four years, each time in a different city. The Games begin when a runner, carrying a lighted torch brought fromU (36) /U, reaches the stadium.The athletesU (37) /Uagainst one
41、 another in variousU (38) /U: they jump, cycle, swim, wrestle and show their skills in gymnastics, fencing andU (39) /U. Others test their strength andU (40) /Uin the difficult marathon and weightlifting. The winners do notU (41) /Uany cash prizes. Instead the first three athletes in any event recei
42、ve gold, U(42) /Uand bronze medals.Nobody knows exactly when the first Olympic Games were held. TheU (43) /Ushow that they took place as long ago as 776 B.C. U(44) /U. However, in 1896, a Frenchman started the Games again in Athens. U(45) /U. Perhaps the one important difference is that women are no
43、w allowed to compete. In fact the events for women are now very popular.At the Games, all the athletes feel honored to represent their countries. They know the friendships they form with other athletes willU (46) /U. This is the major purpose of the Olympic Games.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:
44、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)In colonial times women provided health care for their families and neighbors. Doctors were often notU (47) /U, and at that time they had not learned to cure many of the illnesses that we often go to a do
45、ctor for today. So women usually cared for the sick in their homes. Women did the work of both nurses and midwives, caring for people when they were sick andU (48) /Ubabies.Women also providedU (49) /Umedical services in the wars that our country was involved in. Women cared for wounded soldiers in
46、the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. TheirU (50) /Uwork was the real beginning of modern nursing practices. Doctors became moreU (51) /Uof the work done by nurses after seeing the skill that they used to treat the wounded soldiers. Training for nurses became moreU (52) /Uavailable after the Civi
47、l War.By the middle of the 1800s, hospitals were being built to treat the sick and injured. The American Medical Association was also formed toU (53) /Umedical care. Medical schools trained doctors in modern medical practices. As hospitals became more widespread, the role of women in medicineU (54) /Ufor a while. At first medical schools were only for men, and people began to look down on female nurses and midwives who did not have medicalU (55)
