1、大学四级-540 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.很多大学生在校外租房居住； 2学生校外租房的主要原因； 3校外租房的利弊。 BMy View on Off-campus Room Renting/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BTesting Babys Brain/BAs far as her friends and teachers are concerned, Ashdod is an ordinary, bright, playful
2、5-year-old girl. They might be surprised to learn that not long ago therapists(治疗专家) were fighting to keep her from suffering from autism (孤独症)-a brain disorder that afflicts one in 100 children, typically leaving them with lifelong difficulties in communicating, socializing and carrying out many ba
3、sic tasks. Ashdod was lucky: when she was 10 months old, her parents became alarmed that she had little interest in looking them in the eyes, eating and moving from her back, and took her to the Mifne Center in Rosh Pinna, Israel, a clinic that focuses on children 5 months and older who show early w
4、arning signs of autism. The results of the Mifne treatment were shocking, recalls the girls mother, Tikva. “Now she goes to a regular school where she is the same sort of active, funny, normal child as anyone else,“ she says.Despite a big jump in autism awareness in the past decade, parents, schools
5、 and doctors still frequently ignore warning signs in very young children. These can be difficult to detect: a child never points at things, shows more interest in objects than people, has delayed speech and develops a fascination with toys turning around. Many experts regard these symptoms as harml
6、ess habits that kids will outgrow. New research and experience in some autism clinics, however, suggests that starting treatment by age 2 is critical to mitigating and in some cases entirely avoiding the disorder.Thats because unlike the brain of an adult or even an older child, a 12-or 18-month-old
7、s brain is, in a sense, highly reprogrammable-that is, it responds well to treatments designed to permanently change basic patterns of thought and behavior. “All the evidence we have suggests that outcomes for these children will be better with an earlier diagnosis(诊断),before they reach 18 months, i
8、f possible,“ says Christopher Gillberg, a professor at Gothenburg University in Sweden.Although there are currently no effective treatments for autism symptoms in older children or adults, the prospects are turning out to be entirely different for very young children who get prompt treatment. Psycho
9、logists have had remarkable success with behavioral therapy, which involves therapists working intensively with children to get them to do tasks theyre having difficulty with. The Mifne Center in Israel applies its own form of intensive therapy, typically lasting about two weeks and focusing on gett
10、ing the child to make contact with parents and to eat and move normally. Some 200 children have been through the program; about three quarters have remained free of any signs of autism or any other significant developmental disorder, according to Mifne founder and director Hanna Alonim. “If we can g
11、et them here as babies, close to 100 percent wont develop autism.“ she says. “If we dont see them until theyre 2. its a different story.“ To support Mifnes findings with more-formal research, doctors at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center have begun screening and videotaping infants thought to be a
12、t risk of pre-autism before the Mifne treatment.Having a treatment choice for infants raises the hard issue of diagnosis. Autism can be tricky to recognize-it encompasses any or all of a broad range of symptoms, including difficulty with social interactions, language, motor skills and taking in sens
13、ory information, as well as repetitive behaviors. eating problems and in some cases unusually high or low levels of activity. A study of nearly 10, 000 children in Bergen. Norway, indicated that the number of children who showed “pronounced autistic features“ was about five times higher than the num
14、ber who qualified for a formal diagnosis of autism.Even children who exhibit only partial or mild versions of autism symptoms are at risk of ending up with lifelong challenges, say researchers, and would benefit from autism therapies. But tagging more very young children as candidates for autism the
15、rapy creates another problem. The cost of behavioral therapy Is eye-opening-applied behavior analysis, an intensive treatment that requires 15- to-25 hours of sessions a week. costs about $ 30.000 a year, and even a modest program typically runs about $ l0.000 a year. Thats one reason studies estima
16、te that less than one in 10 very young children with a diagnosis of autism get 25 hours a week of therapy.Health-care systems are not up to this task. In the United States, Where health insurance rarely covers such treatments, the chances of having the government pay for therapy varies wildly from s
17、tate to state. Children dont necessarily fare much better under national health care. The United Kingdom pays for treatment-but often only after the parents hire a lawyer and win their case at a regional “tribunal“. where more often than not communities will fight to force the parents to settle for
18、the few hours a week of therapy offered in a local special-education program. In Italy; toddlers with disorders .who live near large cities in the north-central part of the country can get the attention of a team of therapists, but those in the southern, rum1 areas tend to get few services. Laurence
19、 Robel, a child psychiatrist and autism researcher at the Necker Childrens Hospital in Paris. notes that France keep a bias against behavioral therapy, which critics compare to training a dog or programming a robot: “Away from Paris,“ she says, “children are lucky to receive much treatment at all.“E
20、xperts insist that governments are being penny-wise and pound-foolish in refusing to pony (付清) up for intensive therapy to infants and toddlers who show early signs of a developmental disorder. Simple, brief screening tests are now designed to flag children at risk as early as 18 months. Earlier dia
21、gnosis might be possible by measuring brain activity and recognizing patterns that are unique to autism. Researchers at the Baby Lab in Uppsala University in Sweden are looking for these patterns by placing dozens of soft-foam sensors on infants heads.The benefits of early treatment are likely to gr
22、ow in coming years as new research into develop- mental disorders continues to pay off.（分数：70.00）(1).According to the text, children who get autism may suffer from _.（分数：7.00）A.lack of parental careB.troubles in communicatingC.developing strange habitsD.lack of emotional expressions(2).In detecting
23、the warning signs of autism in young children, parents, schools and doctors now _.（分数：7.00）A.do better than in the pastB.do worse than in the pastC.havent done sufficiently on itD.have paid too much attention to it.(3).Why is it very important to treat a child with autism by age of two?（分数：7.00）A.Be
24、cause a young child suffers less from the pain caused by the treatment.B.Because children at that age bring less economic burden to their parents.C.Because children at that age respond well to the related treatment.D.Because the parents get file chance to change the childs behavior patterns.(4).What
25、 is file effective treatment for older children with signs of autism?（分数：7.00）A.Parents create a pleasant family atmosphere for them.B.Schools help them in how to deal with their classmates.C.Doctors control well the time to have the medicine.D.Psychologists ask them to do tasks theyre having diffic
26、ulty with.(5).How many children have recovered from signs of autism in the Mifine Center?（分数：7.00）A.About 200.B.About 180C.About 150.D.About 120.(6).Autism is not easy to recognize because _.（分数：7.00）A.it covers a wide range of symptomsB.it is difficult to be distinguished from other diseasesC.its s
27、ymptoms change with the growth of ageD.it needs cooperation from different fields in medicine(7).Why do most very young children with a diagnosis of autism not have an intensive treatment?（分数：7.00）A.Because their parents dont think its necessary for their babies.B.Because its too expensive to receiv
28、e the intensive treatment.C.Because babies are difficult to handle at such an early age.D.Because doctors are not sure of their skills in carrying out the treatment,(8).In the United States, different state governments pay differently for autism therapy because _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).In Italy, the ch
29、ances for young children to receive services of a team of autism therapists vary between the north-central part of the country and _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).According to experts, those governments are extremly foolish ff they refuse to support the intensive therapy to young children showing _.（分数：7.00）
30、填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.The mans appointment has been put off.B.The man has to fill in some forms.C.The man is sure to return tomorrow.D.The man is not ready for his appointment.A.She isnt having much tr
31、ouble.B.She understood the reading yesterday.C.She understands very little.D.She is good at intensive reading.A.She would go to a party.B.She would work overtime.C.She would work early in the morning.D.She would go home immediately after work.A.He thinks his boss is terrible.B.He thinks his boss is
32、frank.C.He thinks his boss is rude.D.He thinks his boss is always wrong.A.The woman should get on the plane.B.The plane will land at nine-thirty.C.The woman need not worry.D.The announcer should try not to sound nervous.A.Its not easy to get a taxi.B.Its easier to get to the railway station.C.They h
33、ave to ask Paul to drive the taxi.D.They do not have to ask Paul to drive them.A.They are sure to finish the project in June.B.They are sure to finish the project in October.C.They are sure to finish the project in March.D.They are sure to finish the project in July.A.His summer job didnt pay well.B
34、.He didnt save much of his salary.C.He spent his savings on summer housing.D.If he earned more money, he could save money.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.An annual cycling event.B.Major Canadian bicycle races.C.The contribution of cycling to health.D.
35、How to increase ones speed in a bicycle race.A.The length of the course.B.The route the cyclists take.C.The number of participants.D.The month in which the tour is held.A.Have lunch before the tour.B.Drink water at the relay stations.C.Bring water and lunch with them.D.Bring candy and chocolate to i
36、mprove energy.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.All students pay the same amount per year.B.Students choose how many meals a week they will pay for.C.Students get money back for meals they dont eat.D.Some students get free meals.A.When they get the meal
37、.B.At the beginning of the week.C.At the beginning of the year.D.At the end of the year.A.They can invite guests to meals at a reduced price.B.They receive cards that allow them to be served first.C.They can help decide what will be on the menu.D.They pay less per meal than those who eat there at ti
38、mes.A.By paying for single meals.B.By buying a weekend meal card.C.By ordering their meals in advance,D.By borrowing a students meal card.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The scientists.B.The Greeks.C.The teachers
39、.D.The scholars.A.They could not think.B.They had no pollution.C.They could not dive deep.D.They had small boats,A.The water turns gray.B.It grows again.C.Life on earth improves.D.Life on earth dies.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Marriage th
40、at continues for many years without divorce.B.Marriage that can easily end in divorce.C.People will marry three or four times in one life-time.D.Divorced people dont stay single.A.In modem society, people are not consistent.B.In modem society, Americans like to change partners.C.In modem society, pe
41、ople dont take marriage seriously.D.In modern society, people prefer to change their life.A.Marriage is not popular m America because of too many divorces.B.Four out of five divorced people do not stay single.C.In file new century, most American people will marry three or four times in one life-time
42、.D.Americans frequently change their jobs.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.The growth of Detroit as an industrial city.B.Detroit, the fifth largest city in the U. S. A.C.The geographical advantages of Detroit.D.The car industry in the U. S.
43、A.A.56 percent.B.96 percent.C.24 percent.D.28 percent.A.It takes 96 hours to produce a car in Detroit.B.It takes 48 hours to produce a car in Detroit.C.It takes 24 hours to produce a car in Detroit.D.It takes 28 hours to produce a car in Detroit.A.These factories produced machines in the past.B.Thes
44、e factories produced farm tools in the past.C.These factories manufactured bicycles in the past.D.These factories manufactured cars tools in the past.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Americans believe that individuals must learn toU (36) /U, on themselves or risk losing free- dom. This meansU (37) /Ubo
45、th financial andU (38) /Uindependence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 to 21 It means that AmericansU (39) /Uthey should take care of themselves,U (40) /Utheir own problems, and stand on their own two feet.This serf-reliance continues today as a basic AmericanU (41) /U. Thi
46、s is perhaps one of the most difficultU (42) /Uof the American character to understand, but it isU (43) /Uimportant. Americans believe that they must be self-reliant in order to keep their freedom.U (44) /U, they may not be free to do what they want.U (45) /U. Even if they are not truly self-reliant
47、, most Americans believe they must at least appear to be so. In order to be in the mainstream of American life-to have power and respect-individual must be as seen as self-reliant. Although receiving financial support from charity, family or the government is allowed, it is never admired. Many peopl
48、e believe thatU (46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)Brazilian women care more about their appearance than any other women in the world, with half prepared to undergo plastic surgery to keep their looks, a recent study shows. In B
