1、大学四级-538 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听和和口语的建议。（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BThe Earth/BBPower and Light/BCompared to the rest of the universe, the Earth is very small. Our planet and eigh
2、t (or maybe nine) others orbit the Sun, which is only one of about 200 billion stars in our galaxy. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the universe, which includes millions of other galaxies and their stars and planets. By comparison, the Earth is microscopic.Compared to a person, on the other ha
3、nd, the Earth is enormous. It has a diameter of 7,926 miles (12,756 kilometers) at the equator, and it has a mass of about 61024 kilograms. The Earth orbits the Sun at a speed of about 66,638 miles per hour (29.79 kilometers per second). Dont dwell on those numbers too long, though; to a lot of peop
4、le, the Earth is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly big. And its just a fraction of the size of the Sun.From our perspective on Earth, the Sun looks very small. This is because its about 93 million miles away from us. The Suns diameter at its equator is about 100 times bigger than Earths, and about a mi
5、llion Earths could fit inside the Sun. The Sun is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly bigger.But without the Sun, the Earth could not exist, in a sense, the Earth is a giant machine, full of moving parts and complex systems. All those systems need power, and that power comes from the Sun.The Sun is an en
6、ormous nuclear power source-through complex reactions, it transforms hydrogen into helium, releasing light and heat. Because of these reactions, every square meter of our planets surface gets about 342 Watts of energy from the Sun every year. This is about 1.71017 Watts total, or as much as 1.7 bill
7、ion large power plants could generate. You can learn about how the Sun creates energy in How the Sun Works.When this energy reaches the Earth, it provides power for a variety of reactions, cycles and systems. It drives the circulation of the atmosphere and the oceans. It makes food for plants, which
8、 many people and animals eat. Life on Earth could not exist without the Sun, and the planet itself would not have developed without it.To a casual observer, the Suns most visible contributions to life are light, heat and weather.BNight and Day/BSome of the Suns biggest impacts on our planet are also
9、 its most obvious. As the Earth spins on its axis, parts of the planet are in the Sun while others are in the shade. In other words, the Sun appears to rise and set. The parts of the world that are in daylight get warmer while the parts that are dark gradually lose the heat they absorbed during the
10、day.You can get a sense of how much the Sun affects the Earths temperature by standing outside on a partly cloudy day. When the Sun is behind a cloud, you fuel noticeably cooler than when it isnt. The surface of our planet absorbs this heat from the Sun and emits it the same way that pavement contin
11、ues to give off heat in the summer after the Sun goes down. Our atmosphere does the same things-it absorbs the heat that the ground emits and sends some of it back to the Earth.The Earths relationship with the Sun also creates seasons. The Earths axis tips a little-about 23.5 degrees. One hemisphere
12、 points toward the Sun as the other points away. The hemisphere that points toward the Sun is warmer and gets more light-its summer there, and in the other hemisphere its winter. This effect is less dramatic near the equator than at the poles, since the equator receives about the same amount of sunl
13、ight all year. The poles, on the other hand, receive no sunlight at all during their winter months, which is part of the reason why theyre frozen.Most people are so used to the differences between night and day (or summer and winter) that they take them for granted. But these changes in light and te
14、mperature have an enormous impact on other systems on our planet. One is the circulation of air through our atmosphere. For example:The Sun shines brightly over the equator. The air gets very warm because the equator faces the Sun directly and because the ozone layer is thinner there.As the air warm
15、s, it begins to rise, creating a low pressure system. The higher it rises, the more the air cools. Water condenses as the air cools, creating clouds and rainfall. The air dries out as the rain falls. The result is warm, dry air, relatively high in our atmosphere.Because of the lower air pressure, ai
16、r rushes toward the equator from the north and south. As it warms, it rises, pushing the dry air away to the north and the south.The dry air sinks as it cools, creating high-pressure areas and deserts to the north and south of the equator.This is just one piece of how the Sun circulates air around t
17、he world-ocean currents, weather patterns and other factors also play a part. But in general, air moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, much the way that high-pressure air rushes from the mouth of an inflated balloon when you let go. Heat also generally moves from the warmer equator to the
18、 cooler poles. Imagine a warm drink sitting on your desk-the air around the drink gets warmer as the drink gets colder. This happens on Earth on an enormous scale.The Coriolis Effect, a product of the Earths rotation, affects this system as well. It causes large weather systems, like hurricanes, to
19、rotate. It helps create westward-running trade winds near the equator and eastward-running jet streams in the northern and southern hemispheres. These wind patterns move moisture and air from one place to another, creating weather patterns. (The Coriolis Effect works on a large scale-it doesnt reall
20、y affect the water draining from the sink like some people suppose.)The Sun gets much of the credit for creating both wind and rain. When the Sun warms air in a specific location, that air rises, creating an area of low pressure. More air rushes in from surrounding areas to fill the void, creating w
21、ind. Without the Sun, there wouldnt be wind. There also might not be breathable air at all.BWater and Fire/BThe Sun has a huge effect on our water. It warms the oceans around the tropics, and its absence cools the water around the poles. Because of this, ocean currents move large amounts of warm and
22、 cold water, drastically affecting the weather and climate around the world. The Sun also drives the water cycle, which moves about 18,757 cubic miles (495,000 cubic kilometers) of water vapor through the atmosphere every year.If youve ever gotten out of a swimming pool on a hot day and realized a f
23、ew minutes later that you were dry again, you have firsthand experience with evaporation. If youve seen water form on the side of a cold drink, youve seen condensation in action. These are primary components of the water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle, which exchanges moisture between bodie
24、s of water and land masses. The water cycle is responsible for clouds and rain as well as our supply of drinking water.（分数：70.00）(1).How many Earths could fit inside the Sun?（分数：7.00）A.One million.B.93 million.C.Two million.D.100 million.(2).Earth would not have developed without _ .（分数：7.00）A.water
25、B.fertilizerC.soilD.the Sun(3).What does our atmosphere do?（分数：7.00）A.It absorbs the heat from the ground and sends it to the Sun.B.It absorbs the heat from the Sun and emits it back to the Earth.C.It absorbs the heat from the Sun and emits it the same way.D.It absorbs the heat the ground emits and
26、sends some of it back to the Earth.(4)._ receives about the same amount of sunlight all year.（分数：7.00）A.The polesB.The equatorC.The north temperate zoneD.The south temperate zone(5).Air rushes toward the equator from the north and south _ .（分数：7.00）A.because of the dry airB.because of the cool airC.
27、because of the lower air pressureD.because of the higher air pressure(6).What doesnt the Coriolis Effect cause?（分数：7.00）A.Westward-running trade winds.B.Hurricanes.C.The water draining from the sink.D.Eastward-running jet streams.(7).The Sun has closely relation to create _ .（分数：7.00）A.windB.the air
28、C.soilD.fire(8).The Sun has a huge effect on _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).If youve seen water form on the side of a cold drink, youve seen _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The water cycle is responsible for clouds, rain and _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the co
29、nversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.At the department store.B.At the office.C.In the restaurant.D.In the drug store.A.The man shouldnt expect her to go along.B.She doesnt think she has enough money.C.Shell go even though the movie is bad.D.The man should count the number of people going;A.S
30、he wasnt really studying.B.She hadnt finished writing her articles.C.She had furnished her house.D.She could write beautifully.A.The problem may have been a very complicated one.B.No one can do it.C.The woman thinks that the problem is too easy.D.The man can solve the problem himself.A.The janitor i
31、s too busy to do his work.B.The sanitary conditions of an apartment.C.The relationship between the janitor and the two speakers.D.The architecture of a building.A.He cant tear either piece of cloth.B.He wants part of each piece of cloth.C.The pieces of cloth are made by a secret process.D.The pieces
32、 of cloth seem identical to him.A.Tuesday.B.Wednesday.C.Thursday.D.Friday.A.A photographers camera.B.A television camera.C.A movie camera.D.The mans own camera.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Memories of a recent storm.B.How strong winds develop into
33、a hurricane.C.Weather patterns that can affect Florida.D.Planning a summer vacation.A.Late summer is sunny season.B.Late summer is hurricane season.C.Late summer is rainy season.D.Late summer is cloudy season.A.Wind speed.B.Rainfall.C.Water temperature.D.Direction of approach.A.By name.B.By number.C
34、.By location.D.By month.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Her professor did not like her story.B.She had trouble finishing her assignment.C.She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D.She was taking too many courses.A.Take some extra ti
35、me.B.Do a writing exercise.C.Do some work for another course.D.Write the story ending first.A.To go shopping.B.To do research for her story.C.To meet with her professor.D.To take a break from her work.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just
36、 heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Given by the local government.B.Born by a large number of bitches.C.Bought from different cities and villages.D.Captured over grassland.A.11-week course for control duty.B.11-week course for patrol duty.C.9-week course for control duty.D.9-week course for patrol duty.A.Catching
37、runaway criminals.B.Scratching the hidden bombs.C.Patrolling the dangerous town.D.Drug-sniffing or bomb-sniffing.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Gold was discovered.B.The transcontinental railroad was completed.C.The Golden Gate Bridge was co
38、nstructed.D.Telegraph communications were established with the East.A.About two million.B.About three million.C.About five million.D.About six million.A.19 million dollars.B.32 million dollars.C.37 million dollars.D.42 million dollars.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you hav
39、e just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Computers have become part of our daily lives.B.Computers have advantages as well as disadvantages.C.People have different attitudes to computers.D.More and more families will own computers.A.Computers can bring financial problems.B.Computers can bring unemployment.C.Compu
40、ters can be very useful in families.D.Computerized robots can take over some unpleasant jobs.A.Computers may change the life they have been accustomed to.B.Spending too much time on computers may spoil peoples relationship.C.Buying computers may cost a lot of money.D.Computers may take over human be
41、ings altogether.A.Affectionate.B.Disapproving.C.Approving.D.Neutral.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Development banks are international lending groups. They lend money to developing countries to help fuel economic growth and socialU (36) /U. They are not part of the World Bank, the InternationalU (37)
42、 /UFund or the United Nations. The money comes from member countries and borrowing on world markets.Development banks provide long-term loans at marketU (38) /U. They provide even longer-term loans at below-market interest rates. These banks also provide technicalU (39) /UandU (40) /U.There are four
43、 main ones. The oldest is the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, D.C. It began in 1959. President Juscelino Kubitschek of Brazil hadU (41) /Ua bank to aid economic growth in the Americas. TheU (42) /Uof American States agreed. Today the bank is worth over 100,000 million dollars. It hold
44、s only 4 percent of that. The other money isU (43) /Uby its members.U (44) /U. 26 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean borrow from the bank.The African Development Bank has its roots in an agreement signed in Sudan in 1963. It is based in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.U (45) /U. The country with the
45、most votes in the bank is Nigeria, followed as of July by the United States, Japan and Egypt.The Asian Development Bank started in 1966. It is based in Manila, in the Philippines. There are 63 members, mostly in Asia.U (46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
46、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can youU (47) /U the two to do something for your localU (48) /U ?It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able toU (49) /U it in the
47、 garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.U (50) /U , a biodegradable (生物可降解的) mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourageU (51) /U to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any otherU (52) /U and can be hard or soft, and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxicU (53) /U . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed.
