1、大学四级-522 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生 2比较明显的大问题有 3我对这种现象的想法 BCity Problems/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BScientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New Orleans/BAs experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated(毁坏)city, one questi
2、on is whether to wall off-or work-with-the water.Even before the death toll from Hurricane Katrina is tallied, scientists arc cautiously beginning to discuss the future of New Orleans. Few seem to doubt that this vital heart of U.S. commerce and culture will be restored, but exactly how to rebuild t
3、he city and its defenses to avoid a repeat catastrophe is an open question. Plans for improving its levees and restoring the barrier of wetlands around New Orleans have been on the table since 1998, but federal dollars needed to implement them never arrived. After the tragedy, thats bound to change,
4、 says John Day, an ecologist at Louisiana State University (LSU) in Baton Rouge. And if there is an upside to the disaster, he says, its that “now weve got a clean slate to start from.“Many are looking for guidance to the Netherlands, a country that, just like bowl-shaped New Orleans, sits mostly be
5、low sea level, keeping the water at bay with a construction of amazing scale and complexity. Others, pointing to Venices longstanding adaptations, say its best to let water flow through the city, depositing sediment to offset geologic subsidence-a model that would require a radical rethinking of arc
6、hitecture. Another idea is to let nature help by restoring the wetland buffers between sea and city.But before the options can be weighed, several unknowns will have to be addressed. One is precisely how the current defenses failed. To answer that, LSU coastal scientists Paul Kemp and Hassan Mashriq
7、ui are picking their way through the destroyed city and surrounding region, reconstructing the size of water surges by measuring telltale marks left on the sides of buildings and highway structures. They are feeding these data into a simulation of the wind and water around New Orleans during its ord
8、eal.“We cant say for sure until this job is done,“ says Day, “but the emerging picture is exactly what weve predicted for years.“ Namely, several canals-including the MRGO, which was built to speed shipping in the 1960s-have the combined effect of funneling surges from the Gulf of Mexico right to th
9、e citys eastern levees and the lake system to the north. Those surges are to blame for the flooding. “One of the first things well see done is the complete backfilling of the MRGO canal,“ predicts Day, “which could take a couple of years.“The levees, which have been provisionally repaired, will be s
10、hored up further in the months to come, although their long-term fate is unclear. Better levees would probably have prevented most of the flooding in the city center. To provide further protection, a mobile clam system, much like a storm Surge barrier in the Netherlands, could be used to close off t
11、he mouth of Lake Pontchartrain. But most experts agree that these are short-term fixes.The basic problem for New Orleans and the Louisiana coastline is that the entire Mississippi River delta is subsiding and eroding, plunging the city deeper below sea level and removing a thick cushion of wetlands
12、that once buffered the coastline from wind and waves. Part of the subsidence is geologic and unavoidable, but the rest stems from the levees that have hemmed in the Mississippi all the way to its mouth for nearly a century to prevent floods and facilitate shipping. As a result, river sediment is no
13、longer spread across the delta but dumped into the Gulf of Mexico. Without a constant stream of fresh sediment, the barrier islands and marshes are disappearing rapidly, with a quarter, roughly the size of Rhode Island, already gone.After years of political wrangling, a broad group pulled together b
14、y the Louisiana government in 1998 proposed a massive $14 billion plan to save the Louisiana coasts, called Coast 2050 (now modified into a plan called the Louisiana Coastal Area project). Wetland restoration was a key component. “Its one of the best and cheapest hurricane defenses,“ says Day, who c
15、haired its scientific advisory committee.Although the plan was never given more than token funding, a team led by Day has been conducting a pilot study since 2000, diverting part of the Mississippi into the wetlands downstream of the city. “The results are as good as we could have hoped,“ he says, w
16、ith land levels rising at about 1 centimeter per year-enough to offset rising sea levels, says Day.Even if the wetlands were restored and new levees were built, the combination of geologic subsidence and rising sea levels will likely sink New Orleans another meter by 2100. The problem might be solve
17、d by another ambitious plan, says Roel Boumans, a coastal scientist at the University of Vermont in Burlington who did his Ph.D. at LSU: shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment piped in from the river. The majority of the buildings in the flooded areas will have to be razed anyway, he s
18、ays, “so why not take this opportunity to fix the root of the problem?“ The river could deposit enough sediment to raise the bottom of the New Orleans bowl to sea level “in 50 to 60 years,“ he estimates. In the meantime, people could live in these areas Venice-style, with buildings built on stilts.
19、Boumans even takes it a step further: “You would have to raise everything about 30 centimeters once every 30 years, so why not make the job easier by making houses that can float.“Whether that is technically or politically feasible-Day, for one, calls it “not likely“-remains to be seen, especially b
20、ecause until now, the poorest residents lived in the lowest parts of the city. Any decision on how best to protect the city in the future will be tied to how many people will live there, and where. “There may be a large contingent of residents and businesses who choose not to return,“ says Bill Good
21、, an environmental scientist at LSU and manager of the Louisiana Geological Surveys Coastal Processes section. It is also not yet clear how decisions about the reconstruction will be made, says Good, “Since there is no precedent of comparable magnitude.“ Every level of government is sure to be invol
22、ved, and “the process is likely to be ad hoc.“Even with the inevitable mingling of science and politics, we still have “a unique chance to back out of some bad decisions,“ says Good, who grew up in New Orleans. “I hope that we dont let this once-in-history opportunity slip through our fingers in the
23、 rush to rebuild the city.“（分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of the suggestions to reconstruct New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Two examples to deal with water are Netherlands and Venice.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The canals have nothing to do with the flooding.（分
24、数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The levees will be shored up further with clear long-term fate.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The basic problem for New Orleans is the subsidence of Mississippi River delta.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The key component of Coast 2050 is wetland restoration.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).The plan of Coast 2050 wi
25、ll get billions of federal funding.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).New Orleans will likely sink _ by 2100.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Another ambitious plan is to shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment _?（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).How decisions about the reconstruction will be made is also _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、B
26、Part Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.The man doesnt want to see Mr.Williams.B.Mr. Jones is in an inferior position to Mr. Williams.C.Mr. Jones used to be in charge.D.Mr. Williams doesnt want to see the man.A.They need to ma
27、ke more efforts.B.The others have done the greater part of it.C.Theyll have more work to do tomorrow.D.Theyve finished more than half of it.A.She felt very sorry.B.She was in a hurry.C.She felt a bit annoyed.D.She was surprised.A.The knife belongs to him.B.The man once borrowed Bobs knife.C.Bob shou
28、ld mind his own business.D.Bobs knife isnt as good as that of the man.A.Hell miss the meeting that afternoon.B.He wont miss the meeting.C.He cant have an appointment with the host.D.He is a hardworking man.A.Because she didnt fulfill her promise.B.Because she cant finish the job ahead of schedule.C.
29、Because her mother would be very angry.D.Because she would be the last to finish the job.A.He always talks on the phone for that long if its toll free.B.They had so much free time to talk on the phone for that long.C.They talked on the phone for too long.D.He wants to know what they talked about.A.A
30、t a restaurant.B.In the office.C.At the cinema.D.At a department store.BQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.He is a teacher of English in Cambridge.B.He is a consultant to a Scottish company.C.He is a specialist in computer science.D.He is a British tou
31、rist to China.A.22.B.25.C.23.D.34.A.With an English family,B.With a language teacher.C.In a flat near the college.D.In a student dormitory.A.Certain things cannot be learned from books.B.Choice of where to live varies from person to person.C.Foreign students had better live on campus.D.British famil
32、ies usually welcome foreign students.Questions 23 to 25 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Ways to determine the age of a fossil.B.A comparison of two shellfish fossils.C.The identity of a fossil the woman found.D.Plans for a field trip to look for fossils.A.He has never s
33、een a fossil that old.B.It is probably a recent specimen.C.It could be many millions of years old.D.He will ask the lab how old it is.A.Take it to class.B.Take it to the lab.C.Put it in her collection.D.Leave it with her professor.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage One/BBQuestions 26 to 28 are b
34、ased on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.She didnt want to be a typist.B.She was not enthusiastic about typing.C.She was not energetic enough to do the job.D.She never went to a university.A.Because nobody wanted to hire her as a pilot.B.Because she wanted to prove that a woman could fl
35、y an airplane.C.Her parents didnt want to hire a pilot.D.She did not have enough money to hire a pilot.A.Vienna.B.India.C.Baghdad.D.Australia.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Reading magazine articles.B.Writing research papers.C.Reviewing book
36、 reports.D.Selecting information sources.A.Gathering non-relevant materials.B.Sharing notes with someone else.C.Stealing another persons ideas.D.Handing in assignments late.A.In the students own words.B.In short phrases.C.In direct quotations.D.In shorthand.A.It should be assimilated thoroughly.B.It
37、 should be paraphrased by the author.C.It should be enclosed in quotation marks.D.It should be authorized by the source.BPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Seasonal variations in nature.B.How we can improve our intelligence.C.How intelligence c
38、hanges with the change of seasons.D.Why summer is the best season for vacation.A.Summer.B.Fall.C.Winter.D.Spring.A.All people are less intelligent in summer than in the other seasons of the year.B.Heat has no effect on peoples mental abilities.C.People living near the equator are the most intelligen
39、t.D.Both climate and temperature exert impact on peoples intelligence.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Building after building under water.U (36) /Uin shelters. Thousands of others unsure where to go.U (37) /Ufor help. Anarchy. Bodies in streets. This is what one of Americas historic cities wasU (38) /
40、Uto this week by a powerful storm, Katrina.Officials want everyone still left in New Orleans, Louisiana, to leave for now. TheU (39) /Uof New Orleans says thousands may be dead.U (40) /UKatrina also caused death andU (41) /Uin parts of Mississippi and Alabama along the Gulf of Mexico. Federal offici
41、als reported Friday that more than one million five hundred thousand homes and businessesU (42) /Uwithout electric power.New Orleans is famous for its wild Mardi GrasU (43) /Uand night life in the French Quarter.U (44) /U. New Orleans has depended on levees, dams made of earth, to control floods fro
42、m the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain.Katrina struck on Monday. New Orleans avoided a direct hit. But two of the levees failed the next day. Most of the city was flooded. Helicopters dropped huge sandbags to fill the breaks.U (45) /U.America faces one of the worst natural events in its hist
43、ory. President Bush says the recovery will take years.U (46) /UThe Bush administration is expected to ask for more in the weeks to come.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)Blue is the worlds favorite colo
44、r. It is also the color most oftenU (47) /Uwith intellect and authority.Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God isU (48) /Uby deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色) are represented by the Islamic religion. It is theU (49) /Ucolor in
45、 the mosques of the world.Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue most likely to have a receding effect. As in the skies and water thatU (50) /Uus, blue is seen as a peaceful an
46、dU (51) /Ucolor. Blue light has seen toU (52) /Ublood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger.The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable. It can also be cold and sterile(枯燥的) unlessU (53) /Uwith warmer colors.Li
47、ght and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle (喧闹) andU (54) /Uof the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery. BlueU (55) /Udepth with greens and reds. Dark blue represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieterU (56) /Uof your living space.A represented IactivityB engage J zonesC refreshin
