1、大学四级-511 及答案解析(总分：700.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.假设你是李文，请你就学校假期的安排给教育部部长写一封信，向他建议将学校传统的长假调整为几次短假并陈述相关原因，比如：学习时间过长可能引起过度疲劳，而放假过长则可能导致浪费时间等等。（分数：103.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the
2、 questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Americans and FoodAn unusual but timely cartoon recently appeared in the local newspaper. The singl
3、e panel showed a gravel-pit operation with piles of raw earth and large cranes. Next to one of the cranes stood the owner of the gravel pita grizzled, tough-looking character, hammer in hand, pointing proudly to the new sign he had just tacked up. The sign read, “Freds Fill Dirt and Croissants.“ The
4、 cartoon illustrates an interesting phenomenon: the changing food habits of Americans. Our meals used to consist of something like home cooked pot roast, mashed potatoes laced with butter and salt, a thick slice of apple pie topped with a healthy scoop of vanilla ice creamplain, heavy meals, cooked
5、from scratch, and eaten leisurely at home. But America has changed, and as it has, so have what we Americans eat and how we eat it. We used to have simple, unsophisticated tastes and looked with suspicion at anything more exotic than a hamburger. Admittedly, we did adopt some foods from the various
6、immigrant groups who flocked to our shores. We learned to eat croissants, those small, sweet French bread rolls, and also Chinese food and pizza, but in the last few years, the international character of our diet has grown tremendously. We can walk into any mall in Middle America and buy Mexican foo
7、d like pita bread and tacos. Such foods are of ten changed on their journey from exotic imports to ordinary “American“ meals, but the imports are still a long way from hamburger on a bun. Why have we become more worldly in our tastes? For one thing, television blankets the country with information a
8、bout new food products and trends. Viewers in rural Montana know that the latest craving in Washington, D. C. is Cajun cooking and that something called tofu is now available in the local supermarket. Another reason for the growing international flavor of our food is that many young Americans have t
9、raveled abroad and gotten hooked on new tastes and flavors. Backpacking students and young professionals vacationing in Europe come home with a taste for authentic French bread or German beer. Finally, continuing waves of immigrants settle in the cities where many of us live, causing significant cha
10、nges in what we eat. Vietnamese, Haitians, and Thais, for instance, bringing their native foods and cooking styles with them and eventually open small markets or restaurants. In time, the new food will become Americanized enough to take its place in our national diet. Our growing concern with health
11、 has also affected the way we eat. For the last few years, the media have warned us about the dangers of our traditional diet, high in salt and fat, low in fiber. The media also began to educate us about the dangers of processed foods pumped full of chemical additives. As a result, consumers began t
12、o demand healthier foods, and manufacturers started to change some of their products. many foods, such as lunch meat, canned vegetables, and soups, were made available in low-fat, low-sodium versions. Whole-grain cereals and high-fiber breads also began to appear on the grocery shelves. Moreover, th
13、e food industry started to produce all-natural productseverything from potato chips to ice creamwithout additives and preservatives. Not surprisingly, the restaurant industry responded to this switch to healthier foods, luring customers with salad bars, broiled fish, and steamed vegetables. Our food
14、 habits are being affected, too, by the rapid increase in the number of women working outside the home. Sociologists and other experts believe that two important factors triggered this phenomenon: the womens movement and a changing economic climate. Women were assured that it was acceptable, even re
15、warding, to work outside the home; many women also discovered that they had to work just to keep up with the cost of living. As the traditional role of homemaker changed, so did the way families ate. With Mom working, there wasnt time for her to prepare the traditional three square meals a day. Inst
16、ead, families began looking for alternatives to provide quick meals. What was the result? For one thing, there was a boom in fast-food restaurants. The suburban or downtown strip that once contained a lone McDonalds now features Wendys, KFCs, Burger King, and Pizza Hut. Families also began to depend
17、 on frozen foods as another time-saving alternative. Once again, though, demand changed the kind of frozen food available. Frozen food no longer consist of foil trays divided into greasy fried chicken, watery corn nib lets, and lumpy mashed potatoes. Supermarkets now stock a range of supposedly tast
18、y frozen dinners. It may not be possible to pick up a ton of fill dirt and a half-dozen croissants at the same place, but Americas food habits are definitely changing. If it is true that“ you are what you eat,“ then Americas identity is evolving along with its diet. （分数：70.00）(1).The grizzled, tough
19、-looking cartoon character _.（分数：7.00）A.warns Americans not to change their food habitsB.illustrates that Americans are changing their food habitsC.introduces new kinds of food to traditional American familiesD.is employed by the government to illustrate Americans food habits(2)._ contribute to Amer
20、icans international taste.（分数：7.00）A.The various immigrant groups in AmericaB.The governments encouragementC.The young peoples changes of tasteD.The mass media ads(3).Many young Americans who have traveled abroad _.（分数：7.00）A.dislike traditional food more and more, so they only try exotic foodB.love
21、 the food imported very muchC.have changed their tastesD.get hooked on new tastes and flavors(4)._ are examples that manufacturers meet consumers health demand.（分数：7.00）A.Bread and milkB.The imported foodC.Whole grain cereals and high fiber breadsD.The traditional food(5).Working women dont have eno
22、ugh time to prepare three meals a day so that families depend on_.（分数：7.00）A.traditional frozen foodB.alternatives for quick mealsC.fast-food restaurantD.supermarket(6).According to the passage, American meals at one time were _.（分数：7.00）A.heavy and meat basedB.delicious and lightC.expensive to prep
23、areD.luxurious(7)._ keep(s) introducing different kinds of food, which is changing Americans taste.（分数：7.00）A.The governmentB.The dietitiansC.TelevisionD.Young people(8).An important factor that has affected what Americans eat is increased consciousness about their _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).A direct res
24、ult of the change in Americas economic climate was _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).According to the passage, the American identity is changing with the change in _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BSection A/BDirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversa
25、tions. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the
26、 best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.（分数：56.00）A.Every weekends.B.Frequently.C.Occasionally.D.Rarely.A.Because the policeman stopped him.B.Because the driver charged too much.C.For no good reason.D.Because he had been rubbed.A.There
27、 is no time to fit in a course.B.She hasnt started to work yet.C.Its too early to register for the course.D.She has a lot of forms to sign.A.The woman can pay either person.B.The woman should buy the one she likes.C.He likes the same one that the woman does.D.He will talk to either person.A.He cant
28、find the tickets.B.He doesnt want to sit in the front.C.He would rather stand than sit down.D.He expects the hall to be crowded.A.He left his notes in class.B.He had to borrow the notes from his classmates.C.He doesnt have an exam.D.He loaned his notes to a classmate.A.It left a few minutes ago.B.Th
29、ey dont have to rush for it.C.Hed rather take a later one.D.He thinks it has been delayed again.A.Shes going to the eye doctor.B.Shes supervising new employees.C.Shes having her dinner in the cafeteria.D.Shes looking for some help.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
30、 （分数：28.00）A.A sick friend.B.A math class.C.School policy.D.The mans test.A.Because it is against the law.B.Because the man is not a member of Terrys family.C.Because the woman cannot find the test.D.Because Terry was too sick to take the test.A.Young.B.Purcell.C.Raleigh.D.Kelly.A.Call his friend.B.
31、Go to the office to get his test.C.Send the woman a letter.D.Take the test later.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）A.A notice on the bulletin board.B.A book for a class the man is taking.C.A chemistry class that is being taught.D.The library reserve desk
32、.A.He is starting the course late.B.The subject is diffieun for him.C.The professor is very reserved.D.The book is difficult to read.A.Check out a chemistry book.B.Make copies of all the pages in the book.C.Put a notice on the bulletin board.D.Look for a copy of the book on the reserve shell.四、BSect
33、ion B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C a
34、nd D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）A.The speakers friend entered his house from back door.B.The speakers friend entered his neighbors house by mistake.
35、C.A thief entered the speakers house by mistake.D.The speakers friend entered the room by climbing the apple tree.A.To cook something for him.B.To wait for him.C.To give him advice.D.To have a meal and drink by himself.A.Under a piece of stone.B.Under the window.C.In the kitchen.D.Near the living-ro
36、om.Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）A.Forgetful.B.Lazy.C.Careful.D.Serious.A.He sees his sister very seldom.B.He sent Mark something on his 19th birthday.C.He always walked to work.D.He lives with his sister and her family.A.To punish Mr. Brown.B
37、.To visit his uncle.C.To receive the bills.D.To inquire something.Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.The history of Benjamin Franklin.B.The history of the U.S. mail.C.The Changes of writing letters.D.The history of U. S.A.Two centuries.B.300 ye
38、ars ago.C.In 1691.D.In the 16th century.A.The British government.B.The private contractors.C.Benjamin Franklin.D.George Washington.A.He established a government service.B.He developed a system called “star routes“.C.He built a lot of post offices.D.He established the postal system.五、BSection C/B(总题数
39、：1，分数：77.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact word
40、s you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should che
41、ck what you have written.Art, said Picasso, is a lie that makes us realize the truth. So is a map We do not usually U(36) /U the precise work of the mapmaker with a U(37) /U object of art. Yet a map has many qualities that a painting or a poem has. It is truth realized in a U(38) /U way, holding mea
42、nings it does not express on the surface. And like work of art, it requires U(39) /U reading. Thus, map and reality are not, and cannot be, U(40) /U No aspect of map use is so obvious yet so often U(41) /U Most map reading mistakes occur because the user forgets this U(42) /U fact and expect a one-t
43、o-one U(43) /U between map and reality. U (44) /U. To understand a painting, you must have some idea of the medium which was used by the artist. You wouldnt expect a water color to look anything like an oil painting or a charcoal drawing, even if the subject matter of all three were the same. U(45)
44、/U. As a map-reader, you should always be aware of the invisible hand of the mapmaker. U(46) /U The mapmaker translates reality into the clearest possible picture under the circumstances, and the map-reader converts this picture back into an impression of the environment. For such communication to t
45、ake place, the map-reader as well as the mapmaker must know something about how maps are created. （分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)BSection A/BDirections: In this part there is a short passage with fiv
46、e questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words ( not exceeding 10 words).It is a miracle that New York works at all. The whole thing is unbelievable. Every time the residents brush their teeth, milli
47、ons of gallons of water must be consumed. When a young man in Manhattan writes a letter to his girl in Brooklyn, the love message gets blown to her through a pneumatic (充气的) tube. The underground system of telephone cables, power lines, steam pipes, gas pipes is reason enough to abandon the island t
48、o the gods and the beetles. Every time a cut is made on the street, the noisy surgeons expose ganglia (神经中枢)that are twisted beyond belief. By rights New York should have destroyed itself long ago, from terror or fire or failure of some vital supply lines in its circulatory system or from some deep complex short circuit. Long ago the city
