1、大学四级-486 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.业余爱好的意义。 2选择业余爱好的注意事项。 3业余爱好的形式。 BHobbies/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BComputer Crime/BA computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesnt
2、 mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and w
3、ith less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered.Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $ 3 billion to $ 5 billion annually. Even the FBI
4、, which attempts-to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (A
5、) more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (B) more computers tied together in satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases.BThe Criminal/BMovies and newspaper stories might
6、lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage “hackers“brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against whic
7、h the crime has been committed, i. e an “insider“.BDifficulty of Detection and Prevention/BGiven the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months o
8、r years go by before anyone discovers it.Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for “weapons“ or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conventional crimes.Third,
9、 there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a mom filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the companys work or committing a criminal act?Fourth, not enough people in management and law enfo
10、rcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computers capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as LosAngeles, police departments have set up specially trained computer crime units.
11、But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律师), judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computers potential for misuse.After a computer crime has been discovered, m
12、any companies do not report it or prosecute (起诉) the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the pubic will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sens
13、itive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性) because they rely heavily on customer trust.To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases do go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or
14、light sentence because the judge or jury isnt fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crime.Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company disc
15、overed that one of its computer technicians had embezzled $ 200,000 by entering false benefit claims, it presented it findings to the states attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also fo
16、r grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matter how small.（分数：70.00）(1).The FBI knows exactly how large a loss is involved in computer crimes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).It has become easy for microcomputer owners to use huge ma
17、inframe data bases.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).It is implied in the Paragraph 3 that most computer criminals are the employees of the concerned companies.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Many companies dont report computer crimes because law procedures against computer crimes usually cost a lot of money.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_
18、(5).When computer crime takes place in a room filled with people, there arc usually many witnesses to the crime.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The passage is mainly about the increase of computer crimes in America and the difficulties in combating computer crimes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Computer crimes are on the
19、rise because more cheap microcomputers are available.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to the passage, computer crimes has been on the rise for the last _ years.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Connecticut General Life Insurance company is cited as _ of companies that took serious measures to fight against computer
20、crimes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities because they place too much reliance on _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just hear
21、d.（分数：56.00）A.Hes going to sell his house.B.Hes going to find an apartment.C.Hes found an apartment.D.Hes moved to downtown.A.She often dreams a lot at night.B.She likes to stay up late.C.She goes to work every night.D.She is busy with housework.A.On Saturdays.B.On Thursdays.C.On Sundays.D.Every day
22、.A.Its more direct.B.Its less expensive.C.Its less crowded.D.Its faster.A.People who teach English like things besides books.B.English teachers usually like to read a lot.C.The English teachers like to read and to listen to music.D.Not every one from England likes to read all the time.A.The presiden
23、t spoke on the radio on economics.B.The president should have reported on economics.C.The man missed the speech.D.The man thought it was a wonderful report.A.To tell the woman something about the car.B.To look for his wife.C.To show the woman his wifes car.D.To ask his wife to answer the phone.A.Abo
24、ut childrens health.B.About money.C.About social manners.D.About old peoples health.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.To represent his firm.B.To have an interview.C.To pay a social call.D.To service a computer.A.As a valuable employee.B.As an average em
25、ployee.C.As an unqualified employee.D.As a troublesome employee.A.Surprised.B.Uncertain.C.Bored.D.Hopeful.A.An employees age.B.An employees loyalty.C.An employees performance.D.An employees length of service.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Selling his
26、 ear.B.Having his car serviced.C.Leaving his car in h parking service company.D.Hiring a car abroad.A.6.5.B.24.75.C.18.25.D.31.25.A.In the companys car.B.In his friends car.C.By taxi.D.By bus.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B
27、（分数：21.00）A.How many people there were in the town.B.Whether the poor people really needed his help.C.If the roads of the village were in need of repair.D.If the people of the town were worthy of his help.A.Most people passed the stone as if nothing had happened.B.Most people did nothing but complai
28、n.C.Most people tried to move the stone away.D.Most people fell against the stone.A.He was very clever.B.He was honest.C.He was very strong.D.He was foolish.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Because history professors are poorly prepared.B.Beca
29、use most students are lazy.C.Because history lectures are not delivered in an interesting way.D.Because most students feel studying history is a waste of time.A.In Britain.B.In Lexington.C.In Concord.D.In Boston.A.That the British would attack by sea.B.That the British were retreating.C.That the Bri
30、tish were willing to sign a treaty.D.That the British had won the first battle.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Failure and success.B.Two sides of failure.C.The “spider-story“.D.The invention of the light bulb.A.Failure must crane before suc
31、cess.B.Failures can be avoided.C.Failure is not all bad.D.Failures are unavoidableA.You should check out your goals to see if they are right for us.B.You should regard failure as a part of life.C.You should think of failure to find out what has gone wrong.D.You should give up trying when the failure
32、 keeps occurring.A.We should not think about it any more.B.We should take it easy.C.We should discuss it with other.D.We should learn to accept it.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)To be a good teacher, you need some of theU (36) /Uof a good actor. You must be able to hold the attention and interest of
33、yourU (37) /U; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, U(38) /Uvoice; and you must be able to act what you are teaching, to make its meaningU (39) /Ucomprehensible.Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not just sitU (40) /Ubefore his class: he stands the whole time he is teac
34、hing; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in hisU (41) /U. Listen to him, and you will hear theU (42) /U, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.The fact that a good teacher has some of the qualities of a good act
35、or doesnt mean that he willU (43) /Ube able to act well on the stage. U(44) /U. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehan
36、d. U(45) /U.A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they dont understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his audience, which is his class. U
37、(46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? Just when an event takes place; newspapers
38、 are on the streets to give the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot toU (47) /Uthe news.Newspapers have one basicU (48) /U, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want toU (49) /Uit. Radio, telegraph, televisio
39、n, and other inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. However, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve theU (50) /Uand thus the effic
40、iency of their own operations. Today more newspapers areU (51) /Uand read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readersU (52) /Uof the latest news, todays newspapersU (53) /Uand influence readers about politics and other important and s
41、erious matters. Newspapers influence readers economic choice through advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their veryU (54) /U. Newspapers are sold at a price that fails to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The mainU (55) /Uof income for most newspapers is comme
42、rcial advertising. TheU (56) /Uin selling advertising depends on a newspapers value to advertisers. This is measured in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends much on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment offered in a newsp
43、apers pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspapers value to readers as a source of information about the community, city, country, state, nation, and worldand even outer space.Aentertain Bcarry Crate DpurposeEorigin Fgather Gspread HknowIinformed Jsuccess Kspeed LsourceMprinted
44、Nexistence Oeducate（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：2，分数：80.00)BPassage One/BMethods of training animals have changed greatly in recent years. Zoo keepers have always had problems getting the animals to leave their cages
45、in order for the cages to be cleaned, and also training them to move indoors when appropriate. Another problem was that many of the large animals became listless and bored. In the last twenty years, scientists have done research on dolphins and whales, training them to obey commands. The scientists
46、found they could get animals to obey by rewarding them with food and affection when they responded correctly.Proper training allows the animals to receive the care they need. It was very difficult to get untrained animals, especially the larger ones, to stay still when they needed medical attention. Now they can be trained, on command, to remain still and even to allow blood samples to be taken and shots administered. All this is accomplished through positive reinforcement, without the use of any force. Affection training, as t
