1、大学四级-476 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前，许多在校大学生拥有一张甚至几张信用卡； 2. 大学生的信用卡的使用范围； 3. 你认为大学生是否有必要持有信用卡。 BShould College Students Have a Credit Card?/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BTips for Saving Electricity/BYou probably dont even realize it, but an energy
2、thief is inside your home at this very moment. This thief is silent and unseen, and hes picking your pocket. His name is “standby power“. Standby power is the name given to the electricity used to power electrical appliances and devices even when they are turned off. But how can this be? Isnt an app
3、liance “off“ when you switch it off? Not necessarily.Many electronic devices consume electricity 24 hours a day just to stay warmed up for whenever you decide to use them. “Instant on“ TV sets are one example. Whether you watch TV seven hours a day or not at all, the TV is always partially on, stayi
4、ng ready to flicker(闪烁) to life the moment you turn on its switch.Other devices that consume power constantly are those that have external or internal clocks: microwave ovens, computers, VCRs, DVD players, and cable TV and satellite TV boxes. Energy experts estimate that approximately 5 percent of r
5、esidential electrical power consumption in the United States is used for standby power. Thats a lot of power plants running overtime just to keep our electronics warm and ready to go.Some of the most prevalent standby power devices are the large plug-in transformers that are used to step down power
6、to cordless phones and answering machines. How much do these various devices consume? Not much; just a few watts, maybe 3 to 5 each. But multiply that number over a 24-hour day, times the 6 to l0 devices in a typical home, and the scope of the savings could be greater than it may seem.BSwitch Off Eq
7、uipment Not in Use/BFor many years manufacturers had no incentive to increase the energy efficiency of electronic devices that use standby power. After all, they werent paying anyones electric bill. But recently, since more efficient devices have appeared on the market, any electronic equipment you
8、purchase new will likely yield an energy improvement over something that has a few years on it.A good solution to deal with standby power losses in existing equipment is to plug several of the devices into a power strip that has an on/off switch. Power strips are inexpensive and available at home ce
9、nters and office supply stores. An entire cluster of items can then be shut off-really shut off-just by flicking one switch. This works well in areas like home entertainment centers, where a TV, VCR, DVD player, and cable box might already be plugged into one electrical receptacle.However, if you wa
10、nt to leave some of the devices on-for instance a VCR, to record while youre away, this scheme wont work. And it isnt worth doing on devices that have a clock feature that you depend on to tell time. But if you think it through and separate out devices that can be switched off entirely without conse
11、quence, you might be surprised by the number you can put together on one power strip.Generally speaking, its a good idea from an energy-efficiency standpoint to unplug anything electronic that youre not using at that moment. Lamps and toasters arent electronic and dont draw standby power when theyre
12、 switched off, but battery chargers, TVs, VCRs, DVD players, computers, and stereo systems do. Why pay for this leaking power if youre not using the item? BCheck Settings for Appliances/BIt is surprising how involved we can get with tweaking and adjusting some things in our lives, yet remain utterly
13、 oblivious to others. We may spend hours picking out paint for a dining room, yet be unaware that our refrigerators are running too hot or too cold. That can cost money we dont need to spend and consume electricity that does not need to be wasted.Refrigerator and freezer temperatures can be set usin
14、g an accurate thermometer and the easy-to- find controls inside the refrigerator compartment(低温室). Set the refrigerator to 36 to 38 degrees, and the freezer to 0 to + 5, Anything lower than that is wasted. Food wont last any longer if it is kept at a lower temperature, and some items, like lettuce a
15、nd other vegetables, can even freeze and be destroyed by lower temperatures in the refrigerator compartment, wasting both food and energy.If you nm a dehumidifier(减湿器) in your home, be aware that most are controlled by a humidistat. A humidistat to humidity is what a thermostat is to temperature. In
16、 other words, as the humidity in the area where the dehumidifier is running drops to a certain set-point, the machine will shut itself off until the humidity rises past that set-point again.Turning the humidistat to its lowest setting causes the dehumidifier to run constantly, which is wasteful. And
17、 because dehumidifiers use quite a bit of electricity, running one as infrequently as possible will benefit your utility bills bottom line. Finding a humidity level you can live with-and then Setting the humidistat to that level-will result in the unit running intermittently, which saves energy comp
18、ared to one that runs continuously.BMaximize Personal Comfort/BThe adjustment to a cooler house in the winter and a warmer one in the summer can be aided by the use of devices designed to increase personal comfort.Turning down the house heat and creating your own warmth zone in bed by sleeping under
19、 a comforter or an electric blanket saves energy. A small space heater serves the same purpose in a room setting. If you know youre going to be in one area of the house for a period of time, dialing down the central heating systems thermostat and turning on a space heater in the area where youre loc
20、ated can reduce overall energy consumption during that period. This works well for home offices or entertainment rooms designed for TV or movie watching.Alternately, in the summer, installing a small room air conditioner in order to cool small areas can reduce your energy bill substantially. Dial up
21、 the thermostat in the rest of the house to keep the central air-conditioning system from running so often. The power consumed by a small room air unit is much less than that used by the larger system. This strategy can also be used at night in one or two bedrooms-provided you can sleep with the noi
22、se created by a room air conditioner.Combining the many simple steps weve outlined can make a dramatic difference in your energy bills. It just takes a small commitment on your part to save energy and put a stop to wasteful energy use in your home.（分数：70.00）(1).Standby power is consumption of energy
23、 by electrical appliances even when they are plugged off.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Standby power consumption accounts for 5 percent of the total amount of electrical power consumption in the United States.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).An adaptor can be used on cordless phones or answering machines to stop the consu
24、ming of standby power.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).By using a power strip at home, people can effectively deal with the problem of standby power.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).When we dont use a lamp, wed better plug it off to save energy.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).If a refrigerator is too hot or too cold inside, it is consum
25、ing unnecessary electricity.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Whether a dehumidifier works or not depends on the humidistat to what point its set.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).To save energy, wed better turn the humidistat to a level that _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).If you want to save energy and keep maximum personal comfort in
26、 a winter room, youd better choose to use _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).When we stay at a room in a house with central air-conditioning system in summer, we should set the thermostat to a higher level in _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you
27、 have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.10:45.B.10:40.C.10:55.D.11:00.A.Find her way around.B.Enjoy herself thoroughly.C.Remember the culture.D.See the difference.A.She suggests that the man read it.B.She hasnt read the passage.C.She doesnt understand it either.D.She cannot read it in darkness.A.She is overjoy
28、ed.B.She is confused.C.She is surprised.D.She is supportive.A.Met an old friend.B.Had something to eat.C.Grabbed by a robber.D.Had a late meeting.A.The job is advertised in English.B.The advertisement is in an English paper.C.She offers the man English and computer skills.D.English and computer skil
29、ls are essential to the job.A.Mary has never studied mathematics.B.Mary must be good at mathematics.C.Mary enjoys learning mathematics.D.Mary probably is poor at mathematics.A.Near the station.B.In the countryside.C.In the city.D.Near her work place.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation y
30、ou have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.A meeting with directors in the bank.B.Schedule for a business trip.C.The building, of a new plant.D.Reservation of flight tickets.A.Leaving for New York.B.Flying back to the office.C.Visiting the new factory.D.Attending the Sales Meeting.A.Arranging a car to pick up t
31、he man.B.Booking a room for the man.C.Phoning the embassy about the visa.D.Contacting the bank about the travelers cheques.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Talking with his teacher about his schoolwork.B.Preparing software.C.Talking to an interviewer.D
32、.Writing programs.A.History.B.Geography.C.Mathematics.D.Art.A.Logic.B.Writing.C.History.D.Mathematics.A.An adviser.B.A computer programmer.C.A product designer.D.A school teacher.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.B
33、ecause it was the only way to bring about changes.B.Because it offered more opportunities for jobs.C.Because women did not have votes.D.Because it was a sign Lo show that women have equal rights.A.Changes in womens attitude towards men.B.New social and economic rights for women.C.Changes in attitude
34、s towards womenD.New political fights for women.A.Their life is worse than before.B.Their husbands enjoy better rights than them.C.There are more chances for them than ever before.D.They are still looked down upon in most fields.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have, just
35、heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Because it has a lot of meanings.B.Because it is an uncommon word.C.Because its meanings are confusing.D.Because no one has tried to give it a definition.A.The feeling of pleasure.B.The feeling of frustration.C.The feeling of understanding.D.The feeling of dispute.A.Stop defining
36、 the word of “reading“.B.Begin to look for what is involved in reading.C.Begin to look for a definition of language.D.Read the book again.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.It protects man against the harmful rays from space.B.It provides suff
37、icient light for plant growth.C.It supplies the heat necessary for human survivalD.It screens off the falling objects from space .A.Exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal.B.The effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming.C.Radiation is avoidable in space exploration.D.Astronauts i
38、n spacesuits neednt worry about radiation damage.A.It is insignificant.B.It is enormous.C.It seems overestimated.D.It remains unknown.A.The atmosphere and our environment.B.Research radiations.C.Effects of space radiation.D.Importance of protection against radiation.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Pro
39、fessional sports are very popular in the United States, and they are big business. The mostU (36) /Usports are baseball, football and basketball. Each has its ownU (37) /U, and millions of supporters.U (38) /Uteams are named for the cities where they areU (39) /U. Their strongest supporters live in
40、these cities. When a team plays in a championship game, most people in the city follow the game with interest andU (40) /U. Basketball is well-known around the world. Professional basketball games in the United States are playedU (41) /Uduring the winter months. From November to April one can find a
41、 professional basketball game several nights a week in most large American cities. ,Basketball is an American sport. It has been called the nationalU (42) /U. The game is played in the evenings nearly every day of the week and onU (43) /Uas well. The season begins in April and finishes with the Worl
42、d Series in October.U (44) /U. Football has become the most popular professional sport in the U. S. It is played on Sundays during the fall from August to January.U (45) /U. Both games require strength and special skills. Professional Athletes are very well paid. The most famous athletes make millio
43、ns of dollars for their playing skill.U (46) /U. （分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)As America is home to so many different nationalities, one can find almost any kind of restaurant in all the large citi
44、es. But fast food shops have become veryU (47) /Uin the U. S. because they are quick and cheap.And cafeterias areU (48) /Upopular with American students. There you can getU (49) /Ufood such as fried fish, salad, vegetables, sweet potatoes, rice, hot rolls etc. There are alsoU (50) /Uand drinks. You
45、can pick up whatever strikes yourU (51) /U.Tips are generally not required at cafeterias where you serve yourself and you are expected to clear your own table of dishes, andU (52) /Uyour trash in the garbage cans.In most cafeterias, you stand in line. As you walk along, you select itemsU (53) /Uat a
46、 counter. At normal mealtimes, cafeterias are crowded with people. You can usually get a seat without waiting too long if you eat a little early or a little late.Students entering the cafeterias on the campus are required toU (54) /Utheir own meal cards. Student identification cards and any other id
47、entification must be showed if requested by dining hallU (55) /U, student managers, or checkers. An individual who refuses to show a student I. D. card will be considered a non-student and will beU (56) /Uentrance. Of course, dining at students cafeteria, students are required to follow some rules.A) abnormally F) especially K) penetrateB) staff G) desserts L) widespreadC) available H) fancy M) shortlyD) discard I) various
