1、大学四级-451 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.不少大学让学生参与任课老师的测评 2学生测评任课老师所考虑的主要因素是 3学生测评老师的益处及可能产生的问题（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B How Polite Are Wee/BIts lunch time in Mexico City, and a young man follows a slim woman wearing dark glasses into a restaurant. Wi
2、thout looking behind her, she lets the heavy glass door swing dosed, almost smashing him in the face.In a stationery shop in Seoul, meanwhile, a female customer wants to buy a disposable pen. Its a minor purchase, but the store owner takes the time to talk her through a variety of different models.
3、When she makes her purchase, he says a friendly “Thank you“.Rain and wind are whipping the Nolendorplatz, central Berlin, as estate agent Nicole, 34, struggles through the morning rush-hour crowds, her broken arm in plaster after she slipped on ice. Ahead of her, a young woman drops a yellow folder,
4、 scattering papers everywhere. Dozens of commuters walk on by, but Nicole rushes over and picks up the damp documents, gently shaking the water off each one. When thanked, she jokes, “Well, I still have one good arm!“B Our Three Tests/BThe young man risking a broken nose, the customer in Seoul, and
5、the woman with the scattered documents were no ordinary members of the public. Each was a Reader5 Digest researcher taking part in a unique test to see how polite people are around the world.From Thailand to Finland, from Buenos Aires to London, people worry that courtesy (礼貌) is fast becoming a thi
6、ng of the past. Service in shops has become lazy, they say, youngsters have lost respect for their elders. Lynne Truss, in her international bestseller Talk to the Hand, claims that we live in “an era of lazy moral relativism combined with aggressive social rudeness“ where common courtesies are “pra
7、ctically extinct“.But is such pessimism justified?We sent undercover reporters - half of them men, half women - from Readers Digest editions in 35 countries to access the citizens of their most populous city. In each location, we conducted three tests:We walked into public buildings 20 times behind
8、people to see if they would hold the door open for us.We bought small items from 20 shops and recorded whether the sales assistants said “Thank you“.We dropped a folder full of papers in 20 busy locations to see if anyone would help pick them up.To let us compare dries, we awarded one point for each
9、 positive outcome and nothing for negative one, giving each city a maximum score of 60. We did not attempt a strict scientific survey; it was the worlds biggest real-life test of common courtesy, with more than 2,000 separate tests of actual behavior. Heres what we discovered.B Wonderful Town/BThey
10、have a reputation for being big-headed, but New Yorkers showed they are big-headed too, by finishing first in our global courtesy ratings.They placed in the top five in all three tests and were particularly polite at holding doors open, with only two people failing to do so. Surprised? Not former ma
11、yor Ed Koch. Asked to react to our findings, Koch pointed to a rise in New York niceness since the terror attacks on the city five years ago. “After 9/11, New Yorkers are more caring. They understand the shortness of life.“The second most courteous place: prosperous Zurich, Switzerland. Zurich shop
12、assistants are friendly to people whether they are dressed shabbily or wearing an expensive fur coat. Old-fashioned customer service was very much in evidence. Swiss shop-workers good manners were often inspired by their pride in their work.B T for Tolerance/BToronto, Canada, came third among our 35
13、 dries. In the trendy Queen Street West area we were helped with a dropped folder by a 28-year-old street artist. “I sit out Here doing drawings all day, and I find people to be really good and cheerful. Toronto is very tolerant, very polite.“ Still, two other European dries - Berlin, Germany and Za
14、greb, Groatia - did well in out tests, tying with Sao Paulo, Brazil, for the fourth place. In Sao Paulo, even petty criminals were polite. As we bought a pair of cheap sunglasses from a trader at an illegal market, shouts rang out that the police were coming. The merchant gathered up his goods to fl
15、ee - but not before thanking us for our $ 2 buy.B Doors Wide Shut/BThe region that most lacked courtesy: Asia. Eight out of nine dries being tested in the region finished in the bottom 11. In the last place was Mumbai, where courtesy in. shops was particularly lacking. When asked why he turned his b
16、ack immediately after the sale, a rude assistant at a convenience store was unapologetic: “Im not an educated guy. I hand goods to the customers and thats it.“ In a government-run supermarket, a female employee lied that she hadnt seen what had happened when asked why she didnt help to pick up paper
17、s. Another worker stepped on them. “Thats nothing,“ said the stores security guard. “In Mumbai, theyll step over a person who has fallen in the street.“ What was most striking is Asia was how few people held doors open for us. Many Asians simply dont include door-holding in their notions of courtesy
18、. “How can we measure someones value simply by whether they hold a door open?“ observed a college student in Manila. A South Korean businesswoman held open the shop-door in Seoul only because “I often go overseas on work trips, and its basic manners over there. In South Korea, people dont pay much a
19、ttention to such things.“But we found plenty of discourteous behavior outside Asia, too. Moscow, Russia and Bucharest, Romania, ranked as the least polite European cities.BNot So Poor/BWhat can we learn from our results? While two of the worlds most wealthy cities - Zurich and New York - came top of
20、 our rankings, we found plenty of courtesy in poorer areas too. In Johannesburg, South Africa, our researcher concluded: “The better dressed the person, the less likely he/she is to help.“ Nonetheless, it was relatively prosperous cities that appeared at the top of our rankings. A British editor ven
21、tures this explanation: “Wealthier cities arent generally so crowded and competition for resources is less intense.“ But being in a hurry isnt always barrier to helping people. Tests carried out during morning rush hours produced almost as many positive results as those performed during off-peak hou
22、rs. A British government worker, who helped to gather up papers in the London rush hours, put it down to empathy (同感)。 “Everybody was in a hurry. So lets work together and get us both on our way.“BGender (性别) and Age Difference/BMany older people we encountered complained that courtesy was less prev
23、alent among the young. But we found that the under-40s were, by a small margin, the most helpful of all age groups - and over-60s the least. So no more resentment about the younger generation not being up to standard!Women were slightly more courteous than men and, oddly, both groups were significan
24、tly more polite towards their own sex. Some men told us they worried about helping modem independent females. Perhaps thats why men over 60, supposedly brought up in a more polite era, were the least likely of any group to hold a door for our female researchers.B Fear of Crime/BMany of those who did
25、nt hold a door or pick up our papers explained that they were too busy or couldnt be bothered, but a significant minority was more scared of crime - or being seen as a criminal - than being rode. “Ive heard pickpockets use tricks like that,“ said a woman in Hong Kong, “One drops something, you help
26、pick it up, and his accomplice (同伙) robs you while youre not looking.“So did the world pass our courtesy test? Overall our 35 cities showed it 55 percent of the time. Common courtesy is the oil that keeps the society engine running. So our check suggested that, in most places, theres plenty of oil i
27、n the engine, but some cities could use a bit of a top-up.（分数：70.00）(1).Two most impolite dries in Europe turned out to be Moscow and Warsaw.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The most courteous titles are found to rank in the following order: New York, Zurich, Toronto, Berlin, Zagreb and Sao Paulo.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:
28、_(3).Nine cities in Asia received a courtesy test, and regrettably eight cities, with the exception of Hong Kong finished in the bottom 11 in the rankings.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Mumbai, India, ranked as the least courteous city among the 35 cities, has an ill reputation for customer service.（分数：7.00）填空
29、项 1:_(5).In the opinion of a British editor, the richer cities tend to be more polite because people in the wealthier cities are better educated.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).This passage offers a general report about the results of a world-wide courtesy survey conducted by Reader5 Digest researchers in 2006.
30、（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).A vast majority of people surveyed attributed their reluctance to help pick up papers to their fear of crime.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).There seemed to be a gender difference in polite behavior, with women being _ than men.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9)._ the opinion of many elder people, people u
31、nder 40s were found to be most helpful among all age groups.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).From the findings of the courtesy survey, we learn that Lynne Truss, author of an international bestseller Talk to the Hand, is _ in feeling pessimistic about the moral behavior in the current society.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、
32、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Bob will probably remain angry until the man apologizes.B.Bob might not be really angry with the man.C.Bob has also been mad at her recently.D.The man should ask Bob to apologize.A.It may
33、not be warm enough.B.The woman can wear it all winter.C.It will not fit if the woman loses weight.D.The woman may have trouble paying for it.A.The doctor is not in until late the next morning.B.If he wants the best doctor than he should try Dr. Noon.C.If he wants a suitable doctor he should wait unt
34、il 12 oclock.D.The doctor who usually handles these things is not in usually in the mornings.A.Hes not sure he wants to go to the party.B.He just returned from a visit to the Andersons.C.He may not be able to give the woman a ride.D.He will give the woman a ride if he was also invited to the party.A
35、.He knows who the wallet belongs to.B.He can call the owner from his house.C.Some member of his family lost the wallet.D.The woman should keep the wallet at his house.A.At a tailors.B.At a butchers.C.At a hairdressers.D.At a photographers.A.Business courses have become popular.B.The school only offe
36、rs business courses.C.The business school has a new program.D.The school has just started to offer business courses.A.Hes not a very good chess player.B.The woman should join the chess club.C.The woman needs a lot of time to play chess.D.Hes willing to teach the woman how to play chess.BQuestions 19
37、 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.The benefits of strong business competition.B.A proposal to lower the cost of production.C.Complaints about the expense of modernization.D.Suggestions concerning new business strategies.A.It cost much more than its worth.B.It sho
38、uld be brought up-to-date.C.It calls for immediate repairs.D.It can still be used for a long time.A.The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.B.A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.C.The entire staff should be retrained.D.Better-educated employees should be promot
39、ed.A.Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.B.TV commercials are less expensive.C.Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.D.TV commercials attract more investments.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Searching for reference materi
40、al.,B.Watching a film of the 1930s.C.Writing a course book.D.Looking for a job in a movie studio.A.Its too broad to cope with.B.Its a bit outdated.C.Its controversial,D.Its of little practical value.A.At the end of the online catalogue.B.At the Reference Desk.C.In the New York Times.D.In the Readers
41、 Guide to Periodical Literature.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Its large number of bicycle clubs.B.Its network of superhighways.C.Its geographic variety.D.Its mild climate.A.Go on a bicycle tour.B.Repair their b
42、icycles.C.Take rest about road safety.D.Participate in a bicycle race.A.To save money on equipment.B.To help keep participants from getting lost.C.To instruct newcomers about bicycle maintenance.D.To ensure that everyone knows about the historical sites:BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on th
43、e passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Criticizing others on bus.B.Amusing people in pubic.C.Enjoying talking to people.D.Listening to peoples in public.A.Playing a word game.B.Arguing with each other.C.Whispering to each other.D.Talking about their families.A.Surprising.B.Amusing.C.Quite borin
44、g.D.Extremely exciting.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Unfriendliness.B.Generosity.C.Friendship.D.Strength.A.To present his hands palm to palm.B.To extend his hand to his superior.C.To raise his hand above his head.D.To put his hand upon hi
45、s chest.A.Greeks.B.Arabians.C.Indians.D.Chinese.A.The use of hands.B.Different ways of expressing politeness.C.Customs of ancient times.D.The meaning of the hand and its actions.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)It is often through good dinners that one makes friends. In Japan, there areU (36) /U “Dinin
46、g Groups“ or “Wine Groups“, formed by people of differentU (37) /Uof life but of more or lessU (38) /Ustanding; having as their common object, good living and theU (39) /U of friendship. They meet weekly orU (40) /Uor on the birthday of one of the members, who play host in turn. As a rule, the dinne
47、r is held in ones own home, unless for some reasons this isU (41) /U, in which case it can be held in aU (42) /Urestaurant. On each occasion, the host may include a couple of guestsU (43) /Uto the others, Thus one makes new friends and keeps old friendship in constant repair. Sometimes, similar feas
48、ts are held for the sake of art and literature.U (44) /UAs to the part that delicious food can play in smoothing negotiation, this must be a common experience of every man of affairs. U(45) /U “Will you lunch with me?“ is a familiar phrase in the business world either in prefacing a successful deal or in celebrating one. U(46) /U（分数：77.0
