1、大学四级-340 及答案解析(总分：713.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.人生中竞争很重要 2然而，合作也很重要 3我的看法（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BYou Can Stay the Weight You Want/BThree years ago, at the age of 24, Deborah Whalley decided to get rid of the “80-pound backpack“ of extra weight she was carry
2、ing on her five-foot-nine frame. It wasnt the first time that Whalley, a retail assistant manager in Toronto, had embarked on a diet.“I lost 30 pounds in Grade 9,“ she recalls. “Not only did I gain the Weight back in short order, but I also put on about 50 extra pounds over the next nine years. If y
3、ouve ever been on a diet, youve probably discovered, as Whalley did, that taking off extra pounds is a lot easier than keeping them off. In fact, 95 percent of people who lose weight end ap gaining it back.Cycling back and forth between higher and lower weights is not just demoralizing, however. “Th
4、eres some evidence that yo-yoing within a 20-or 30-pound range puts more stress on your heart than carrying those 20 or 30 extra pounds,“ says Stephen Cunnane, a professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Toronto.So how do you maintain the lower weight you achieve after dieting? Research
5、ers and doctors who have studied the five percent of dieters who keep the weight off have found common threads in their approaches and attitudes. Here are the secrets to their success: BListen to Your Heart/BAccording to Linda McCargar, professor of human nutrition at the University of Alberta and o
6、ne of Canadas leading experts on the effects of yo-yo dieting, youre much more likely to succeed if your motivation comes from within-a desire to take better care of yourself, or “a significant emotional event that causes you to re-evaluate your lifestyle choices. Endocrinologist Ronnie Aronson, who
7、 runs three Lifestyle Metabolism centers in Ontario, suggests small behavioral changes, such as taking after-dinner walks, to get into the self-motivation mind-set.“People who use pressure from their partner or doctor to kick-start weight loss are more likely to fail, adds Aronson. BPlan to Beat Tem
8、ptation/BIf you know you have, say, a family reunion coming up, complete with buffet meals, you need to develop coping strategies before you re “surrounded by temptation, says Susan Cantwell, a wellness trainer based in Fredericton, For example, you might picture yourself choosing only one serving o
9、f scrambled eggs and a single slice of lightly buttered toast from the breakfast buffet. Do this exercise for a few days in a row and your mental imagery becomes your ally.Cantwell cautions against battling too much temptation during the early weeks of a weight-loss effort. “For the first 30 days or
10、 so, I tell my clients to say no to invitations that spell temptation, such as coffee at your favorite dessert hangout, she says. “After the first month, it becomes safer to accept such invitations-as long as you do some mental preparation for them. ”BIt s more than Numbers/BCantwell says long-term
11、success is much more likely if the goal is the new behavior pattern itself- getting to the gym, for instance-rather than the figure on the bathroom scale. In fact, she suggests doing away with the scale altogether: “Its a poor indicator of increasing fitness and body tone. Cantwell drew on her ten y
12、ears of experience in getting people to change ingrained habits for her book Mind over Matter: Personal Choices for a Lifetime of Fitness. Her thesis, Setbacks plague people who are trying to change, and the key to staying on track in the face of these inevitable setbacks is to make “a daily commitm
13、ent to your new behaviors, regardless of what happened yesterday.“ BTake it Slow/B“No more than two pounds a week and no fewer than 1,100 calories a day,“ is Aronsons rule of thumb. “Extreme self-denial doesnt work. It usually leads to an escape from the self-denial.“Another problem with extreme cal
14、oric deprivation is that your basal metabolic rate will drop temporarily while youre on this regimen, says McCargar. “You .wont burn as much fuel, calorie for calorie, as you would on a more moderate diet. ”BHonor Your Preferences/BWhen youve lost weight and youre in the weight-maintenance phase, Ar
15、onson says, its important to create a regimen you can follow for the rest of your life. “If you adore chocolates, then you need to build the occasional taste of chocolate into your eating plan. Otherwise, you run the risk of not being able to stop after you have one.“This philosophy helped Whalley e
16、ventually maintain her weight loss. Rather than give up her favorite cheesecake and fast foods, she buys or prepares lighter versions and occasionally treats herself to a serving of the real McCoy. “Theres no single food thats off-limits for me,“ she says. “Its a question of how much and how often.
17、“BBe a Protein Pal/BCalorie for calorie, protein is more satisfying than fat, so people on protein-rich diets tend to feel more full on the same number of calories, says Angelo Tremblay, a metabolism researcher at Laval University in Quebec City. “Youre less likely to overstep your caloric requireme
18、nts if your diet has high protein content,“ he says. Conversely, fats and alcohol are least likely to make you feel sated. “You can have a lot of them and still not feel full, which increases the likelihood youll overeat.“Stephen Cunnane says that fiber-rich foods also promote a feeling of fullness
19、or satiety. So, eating more fiber should help you eat less food.BMove It or Gain It Back/BReferring to a U. S. registry of successful dieters-people who lost an average of 66 pounds and kept it off for five years-McCargar Says the behavior that most consistently distinguished the successful dieters
20、was regular physical activity. Those who had embarked on an exercise program involving at least 2,500 extra calories in energy output weekly (equal to about five hours of vigorous aerobic exercise) fared especially well.“Your body has a tendency to stay lean when you exercise regularly,“ says Peter
21、Jones, a professor at McGill Universitys School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition. “Even if you eat more, the energy you use for physical activity seems to more than compensate for the increased food intake. Exercise also leads to greater muscle mass, which uses extra calories to maintain itself.“Aro
22、nson has also observed that successful weight maintainers tend to incorporate physical activity into their everyday lifestyle rather than just devote a few blocks of time to formal exercise. For example, they walk upstairs instead of taking the elevator or park farther away from the mall door.BFind
23、a Cheerleader/B“Next to exercise,“ concludes McCargar, “having social support from family, friends or community group stands out as key to long-term weight maintenance.“When youre just starting out on a new eating and exercising plan-an especially vulnerable period-Cantwell suggests asking a friend
24、to call periodically to cheer you on. “Just make sure thai that friend doesnt let you off the hook too easily!“（分数：70.00）(1).For most people, taking off extra pounds is much easier than keeping them off.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Medical treatment cat) help people stay the weight they want.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_
25、(3).only five percent of dieters can keep the weight off.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to Susan Cantwell, it is important for dieters to do some mental preparation for invitations to meals.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).In order to lose weight, dieters should give up their favorite foods.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Ea
26、ting more fiber could help you eat less food.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Successful weight maintainers tend to incorporate physical activity into their everyday lifestyle.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).People who use pressure from their partner or doctor to kick-start weight loss are more likely to_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9
27、).When youre in the weight-maintenance phase, its important to create _ you can follow for the rest of you life.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Your body has _ to stay lean when you exercise regularly.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：126.00)A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C
28、.D.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.How to study English well.B.Which courses to choose.C.How to write computer games.D.Which books to read.A.Physical sciences.B.Maths and physics.C.Art and design.D.Electronics and computer-programming.A.Her English
29、 is very good.B.She is interested in English.C.Her English writing is poor.D.Her oral English is bad.BQuestions 22 to 25 are based co the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Applying for a work experience.B.Applying for a part-time job.C.Taking an exam.D.Visiting an old friend.A.Students
30、in the first half of their course.B.Students who will graduate soon.C.Students in the second half of their courses.D.Students who have just graduated from universities.A.Explaining the procedures to the students.B.Working regular hours.C.Writing a comprehensive report.D.Sending a report about the wo
31、mans work.A.In two weeks.B.In three weeks.C.In the second half of her course.D.Not decided yet.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The English.B.The Dutch.C.American Indians.D.Blacks from Africa.A.Over 210 million.B.Less than 2
32、00 million.C.Around 40 million.D.About 140 million.A.There are more American Indians than Blacks in the U. S.B.A large portion of American Blacks now live in the southwest.C.The first immigrants to America were English and Dutch.D.African Blacks came earlier than either the English or the Dutch.BQue
33、stions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Keeping warm and dry.B.Drinking a lot of liquid.C.Living close to the hospital.D.Kissing the nose of an animal.A.Men who live in windy areas.B.Women who volunteered to stay outside.C.Travelers who take showers.D.People who ar
34、e under stress.A.Because cold viruses can endure unfavorable climates.B.Because winters are wet and cold.C.Because people tend to stay more time indoors.D.Because the disease may be caused by contaminated foods.BQuestions 32 to 3S are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Dates and
35、names that cannot be verified.B.Unusual works of art.C.Articles written by previous historians.D.Significant events and influential people.A.They are few in number.B.They provide a lot of information about ordinary people.C.They depict important historical events.D.They have clues about the social r
36、ole of artists.A.Their playthings.B.Some money.C.Their relatives hands.D.Their shoes.A.The location of the house.B.The social and economic status of the family.C.The types of games children played.D.The profession of the owner of the house.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：76.00)When we choose Italy as our ho
37、liday destination, decide to buy a German car, support the policies of the Swedish government or criticize those of the American one, we are not only influenced by stereotype, we express a preference for brands. These brands, however, are much stronger than Coca-Cola or Nike, as we are talking here
38、about the brands of the nations. According to Anhoh-GMI, authors of National Brands Index. “nation brand“ is an important concept especially now,. in the times of U(36) /U, when countries compete with each other for the attention, respect and trust of U(37) /U, tourists and consumers. To recognize t
39、he strongest brand, five million consumers were asked to score 11 countries on six points-U (38) /U, governance, people, culture, investment and exports.So, what are the results? Well, Americans are seen as U(39) /U, Russians are considered U(40) /U, we love holidays in Italy, we trust the British,
40、but the winner is Sweden, as the Swedish scored the highest marks across all point. “Sweden is U(41) /Uadmired for a combination ofU (42) /Uand responsible governance, honest and U(43) /Upeople, successful cultural exports, a prime location for investment, and yet isnt seen as boring or predictable,
41、 but young and dynamic“ the report says. “Sweden is the country that nobody minds.”Perhaps to the surprise of many nations, Britain conies second in the survey. The Brits are considered U(44) /U. The belief that we respond to nation brands in a similar way as we react to Nike or Nestle is supported
42、by the fact that, some opinions shown in the report are based on our overall feelings rather than rational reasons. For example,U (45) /U, and South Korea scored pretty low in the survey, not due to any logical reasons but simply because many respondents confused it with its Northern neighbor. Howev
43、er, it is not South Korea which got the poorest scores. The struggling brands are Turkey and Russia. The former is bottom of the list and the latter is second from the bottom and considered violent and unstable.The report devotes a lot of attention to the brand of America. Although the United States
44、 is still rated highest for goods and services, its brand has been tarnished by its foreign policy. “U (46) /U.（分数：76.01）(1).（分数：6.91）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)BQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage./B
45、 Before refrigerators, homes usually had ice boxes. ButU (47) /Uway to keep food cool without the need for electricity is to use an evaporative cooler. This is easy to make and does not even useU (48) /U. A common design is a tall box with food placed on several shelves inside. The shelves are piece
46、s of metal with many small holes through them. The sides of the box areU (49) /Uwith pieces of thick cloth. Containers ofU 50) /Uaxe placed at the top and bottom of the cooler. The ends of each piece of cloth lie in the water so the cloth stays wet. Put the cooler in the open air but not in the sun.
47、U (51) /Uwill pass through the wet cloth. The inside of the box willU (52) /Useveral degrees cooler than the outside air temperature. And this may beU (53) /Uenough to keep foods fresh at least for a short time. ColdU (54) /Uin a freezer, however, can keep foods in good condition fox months after the U(55) /Useason. Yet foods can be damaged if they are kept too cold
