1、大学四级-314 及答案解析(总分：700.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.报告显示，当前学术造假是普遍现象 2. 学术造假会带来许多危害 3. 应该从法律和道德方面采取措施消除“学术造假”（分数：103.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if
2、the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw yo
3、ur uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that
4、waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as
5、much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, a
6、bout 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unredeemable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed Of?The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This tr
7、ash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom,
8、Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.There Are Two Ways to Bury Trash:Dump-an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is
9、 most peoples idea of a landfill!)Landfill-carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.Sanitary landfill-landfill th
10、at uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment.Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill-landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment.The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be
11、 kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(腐烂)much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the LandfillFor a landfill to be built, the operators have to mak
12、e sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local governm
13、ents responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study, must be done on the proposed site to determine:the area of land necessary for the landfillthe composition of the underlying soil and bedrockthe flow of surface water over the sitethe impact o
14、f the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife the historical value of the proposed siteBuilding the LandfillOnce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must
15、 be built if they do not already exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.What Happens to Trash in
16、a Landfill?Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40 years old newspapers have been found wit
17、h easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open a
18、nd available every day.Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling centre where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper product
19、s). This helps to reduce the amount of materials in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees va
20、ry from $10 to $ 40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $ 4. S million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banne
21、d by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, and lead acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill
22、. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷)
23、station.Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane. （分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives a general descript
24、ion of the structure and use of a landfill.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Landfills
25、are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governmen
26、ts.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Customers are typically_, although residents may also use the landfill.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The tipping fees vary from_per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs.（分数：7.00）填空项
27、 1:_(10).Along the site, there are_for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BSection A/BDirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more q
28、uestions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. （分数：56.00）A.She seldom reads books
29、from cover to cover.B.She is interested in reading novels.C.She read only part of the book.D.She was eager to know what the book was about.A.She was absent all week owing to sickness.B.She was seriously injured in a car accident.C.She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.D.She had to
30、 be away from school to attend to her husband.A.The speakers want to rent the Smiths old house.B.The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.C.The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.D.The Smithsnew house is not far from their old one.A.The man had a hard time finding a parking space.B
31、.The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.C.The woman was offended by the mans late arrival.D.The man couldnt find his car in the parking lot.A.Jim is at a meeting now.B.Jims roommate is out.C.Jim has moved to another room.D.Jim is with his girlfriend now.A.She rejects their request.B.She acce
32、pts their request.C.She agrees to consider their request.D.She asks them to come with the others.A.She thinks they are expensive.B.She doesnt think they are expensive.C.She thinks some are not expensive.D.She has no idea about this.A.Tell his professor about the condition of the lecture hall.B.Organ
33、ize a team of students to clean the lecture hall.C.Find out who has been making a mess.D.Wait to see if the problem will be solved.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.3-6 months of monthly salaryB.13% of their monthly salaryC.10 dollars a weekD.36% of the
34、ir monthly salaryA.They do not think $10 is a large sum of money.B.They sacrifice movie, beer for hank deposit.C.They seldom have fixed deposit.D.They tend to live from paycheck to paycheck.A.Take more education and make yourself promoted quickly.B.When you get your paycheck, save some portion of it
35、.C.Lend money from bank when you want to prepare for the future.D.Accumulate money by all means.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It includes a washer and dryer.B.The apartment is partially furnished.C.The rent is over $ 900 a month.D.Gas and electricit
36、y are included in the rent.A.You end the agreement before the minimum leasing period of four months.B.You cause damage beyond normal use of the apartment.C.You remove any of the furnishings without permission.D.You keep large pets in the apartment.A.The woman can catch a bus to school in front of he
37、r apartment.B.A supermarket and shopping centre are only a few blocks away.C.The apartment is in a relatively quiet neighborhood.D.The airport is a few blocks in front of the apartment.A.a dogB.a catC.a ratD.a snake四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short pass
38、ages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have ju
39、st heard.（分数：21.00）A.The care and proper selection of dogs as family pets.B.Different breeds of dogs.C.Responsibility for seeing that dogs are properly cared for.D.Different kinds of books about dogs.A.Children.B.Family.C.Parents.D.ASPCA.A.When you have small children.B.When you live in an apartment
40、.C.When space is limited.D.When you live in the city.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Three minutes.B.Two minutes.C.One minute.D.Five minutes.A.To win a competition.B.To break a record.C.To deliver the news of victory.D.To win the first prize.A.B
41、ecause he is over the fellow runners.B.Because he is over former runners.C.Because he is over his own body.D.Because he wins the prize.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It is the smallest one of all the stars.B.It is the nearest one to the earth
42、.C.It is the biggest one of all the stars.D.It is the farthest one from the earth.A.The moon.B.Other planets.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.A.Do much research in many fields of science.B.Understand people in other countries better.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.A.The earth is a planet.B.Stars in
43、 the sky are actually as small as they look.C.Satellites are all made by men.D.Men can conquer other planets.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.
44、When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have j
45、ust heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Knowledge may be acquired through conversation, watching television or traveling, but the deepest and mostU (36) /Uway is through reading. If we con
46、sider theU (37) /Upopulation of the world, we may conclude that a few spend their whole lives on academic reading；many read something light forU (38) /U, and a few dip into something more serious；while many persons neverU (39) /Ubeyond the sports page of a newspaper, a fashion article or theU (40) /
47、U.If you have learnt to love books as a child, the reading habit will neverU (41) /Uyou. But if this has not been your goodU (42) /U, you tend to think of reading as a bore. A few, but very few, come to the habit late in life. In order toU (43) /Uto read, one must be curious. A few children are able
48、 toU (44) /U. But many fail to do so either because of an over-strict system where what is most important is memory work or because of a careless and lazy one where even the basic discipline are ignored in the sacred name of free expression.Thus, U(45) /UAnd we may add to this the worldwide atmosphere of violence and disorder, the New Dark Age in which we live today. Many of us no longer have the peace of mind necessary to a quiet hour with a hook. ButU (46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7
