1、大学四级-307 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.假设你是学校志愿者协会的负责人李明，准备组织一次带老年人之家的老年人到某公园赏花的活动，现向公园公写信，咨询一些事宜。咨询信内容如下： 1自我介绍，并简要介绍你所负责的协会； 2咨询一些事宜，如是否为老年人免票，有无为老年人提供的特别服务等； 3表示感谢,希望能早日得到答复。BA Letter of Enquiry/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BThe Risk of Tanning (日晒)/
2、BThis is just the time of year when the temptation to hit a tanning salon (沙龙) is highest, particularly for women, who make up an estimated 70 percent of tanning customers. With wedding season around the corner, and beach weekends not far off, a lot of women think they need some “healthy color“ to l
3、ook their best. But dermatologists (皮肤专家) say that there is no such thing as a healthy “real“ tan. “A tan is essentially an injury to the skin,“ says Dr. Henry Lim, chairman of the department of dermatology at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. “Tanning is just a reaction by the skin to try and pro
4、tect itself.“While most people know they have to have sunscreen whenever theyre in the sun for more than a few minutes, theres a lot of confusion about the relative merits and risks of tanning salons. Promoters say tanning machines are healthy because they emit mostly ultraviolet (紫外线) A (UVA) rays,
5、 which cause most sunburns. But dermatologists say theres a growing stack of research that UVA rays are more damaging than originally thought. The UVA rays generated by tanning beds penetrate much deeper into the skin than the sun does, says Lim. For people concerned about their skins appearance, th
6、ats a big problem, since most prematurely wrinkled, spotted and leathery skin can be blamed on exposure to ultraviolet radiation.More troublesome is the increased risk of skin cancer associated with UV rays. Sunburns have long been associated with skin cancer, and Dr. Scott Fosko, chairman of dermat
7、ology at St. Louis University School of Medicine, says people can get burned in tanning salons as well as from the sun. “The tanning industry says tanning beds are a safe way to get a tan, but I see a lot of people who use tanning beds who get burned,“ he says. “They are not so simple.“ Those with t
8、he lightest skin need to be the most careful.But even if you dont get burned, skin experts say UVA rays deep penetration into the skin causes genetic damage and increases the risk of malignant melanoma (恶性黑色素), the most serious type of skin cancer. Dermatologists are particularly distressed at the g
9、rowing number of younger people developing melanoma and other skin cancers. A recent review of skin cancer studies, conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, concluded that people under 35 who use tanning beds increase their risk of developing melanoma by 75 percent. Meanwhile, t
10、he Indoor Tanning Association countered this unfavorable news by launching a media blitz in March accusing dermatologists of ignoring the positive benefits of sun exposure, including the natural production of vitamin D. Their new website, also launched in March, goes as far as to say “there is no co
11、mpelling evidence that UV exposure causes melanoma“.Many people start using tanning beds when theyre teenagers, researchers say. A 2003 study done at Case Western Reserve University found that nearly 40 percent of white American teens have used a tanning bed at least once, and 47 percent of 18-and-1
12、9-year-olds say theyve used them repeatedly. “A lot of these places set up shop close to schools and place ads in the school newspapers,“ Fosko says. Thats one reason most states have instituted age restrictions and some now require parental permission or presence on site. This type of regulation ha
13、s limited effect, however. Not only is enforcement spotty, Fosko says research indicates that many kids get hooked on tanning because their parents are regular customers.More government restrictions may be coming soon. While tanning equipment is currently required to have warning labels, Congress la
14、st year passed the TAN Act, which directed the Food and Drug Administration to determine what changes, if any, need to be made to sunbeds warning labels to make them more noticeable, accurate and understandable to consumers. The report is due in this September.For those who want the look without the
15、 risk, dermatologists recommend self-tanning products containing dihydroxyacetone (DHA) as a safer alternative to real tans. These products simply stain the top layer of skin; theres no real change at the cellular level. While the first generation of these products made the skin look more orange tha
16、n tan, the quality of the cosmetic effect has improved in recent years, and now the difference is harder to detect. “These products are not dangerous, but they do give you that tan glow,“ says Dr. Diane Berson, a dermatologist who practices in New York City. Some manufacturers combine a moisturizer
17、(护肤露) with a self-tanner so you can accomplish two things at once. While the resulting “tan“ will eventually wash or flake off, you can maintain the look by reapplying the cream every couple of days, as directed on the container.Its important to understand, however, that these bottle tans are only c
18、osmetic. That means you dont have the kind of “base tan“ that offers a little protection against sunburn. Those whose skin is naturally pale are as vulnerable to burns as they were before their skin turned artificially darker. Youll need to regularly apply sunscreen (15 SPF or higher) every couple o
19、f hours, anytime you go out in the sun.What remains unclear, adds Lim, is whether spray-on tans (which are also offered by many tanning bed salons) are themselves completely safe. “We dont have data that says whether the sprays, if inhaled, would cause any harm,“ he said. “The presumption is that th
20、ey are safe, but we have no data at this point.“ Doctors also warn against so-called tanning pills, which are illegal for sale in the U.S. but can often be found on the Internet.Dermatologists are hoping that those who prefer a tan will at least try to achieve the look without doing long-term damage
21、 to their skin. “If you look at the older movie stars,“ Berson says, “youll see that the ones who still look great are the ones who stayed out of the sun and didnt allow their skin to get tan, dry and wrinkled.“ So if you want to look like a movie star, why not try to look like one of the smart ones
22、. （分数：70.00）(1).Among those tanning customers, it is estimated that most of them are _.（分数：7.00）A.kidsB.the oldC.womenD.men(2).Why do those promoters think the tanning machines are healthy?（分数：7.00）A.Because they are scientifically designed.B.Because they have high quality control.C.Because they can
23、 emit those harmful rays.D.Because they are comfortable.(3).What is the attitude of Fosko toward tanning salons?（分数：7.00）A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Interested.(4).According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, those people under 35 who tried tanning are much easier to get_（分数：7
24、.00）A.sunburningB.melanomaC.healthy stanningD.great look(5).What is the finding of the 2003 study conducted at Case Western Reserve University?（分数：7.00）A.About 40 percent of American teens have tried tanning at least once.B.About 47 percent of white American teens have tried tanning repeatedly.C.Abo
25、ut 47 percent of American teens have tried tanning repeatedly.D.About 40 percent of white American teens have tried tanning at least once.(6).Fosko pointed out that many kids get addicted to tanning because they _（分数：7.00）A.enjoy tanning themselvesB.want to make them look healthyC.dont know the risk
26、 of tanningD.are affected a lot by their parents(7).What is the direct purpose of passing the TAN Act?（分数：7.00）A.To tell people the forbidden place where to get tanning.B.To increase customers attention to the risk of Tanning.C.To force manufacturers to make standard warning labels.D.To warn people
27、of the increased danger of get tanning.(8).As a safer alternative to real tans, self-tanning products containing dihydroxyacetone (DHA) can only protect _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Lim, it hasnt been known whether the spray-on tans are _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Berson thought that those older mo
28、vie stars still look great because they tried to keep away from _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.On Wednesday.B.On Friday.C.On Tuesday.D.On Thursday.A.It was fairly successful.B.It was hard and useless.
29、C.It failed for lack of money.D.It stopped for lack of land.A.She doesnt know when his classes begin.B.Shes surprised that he chose that company.C.She doubts he makes much money now.D.She wonders why hes not returned to school.A.Because the working hours were not suitable.B.Because the job was not w
30、ell-paid.C.Because he had to do a lot of traveling.D.Because the job was quite difficult.A.By going directly to the boss.B.By talking to his parents.C.By asking his mother to speak to his boss.D.By telling his boss mother about it.A.He believes the woman.B.He feels sorry for her.C.He is not satisfie
31、d with her homework.D.He doesnt believe the woman.A.It was warm and dry.B.It was cold and wet.C.It was dry but cold.D.It was warm but wet.A.He successfully quits smoking.B.Her husband is very willing to listen to her opinion.C.She will go out if her husband smokes.D.Her husband wont listen to her.Qu
32、estions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Stay at home.B.Hold parties.C.Do part-time jobs.D.Travel.A.Hired Eric to take care of the pets.B.Hired Margaret to look after the house.C.Asked Mr. Cohen to take care of the children.D.Hired Eric to water the plants.A.By
33、interviewing the applicants.B.By examining the application letter.C.By taking suggestion from the student employment office.D.By listening to their friends recommendation.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The benefits of strong business competition.B.A
34、proposal to reduce the cost of production.C.The expense of modernizing the factory.D.Suggestions about new business strategies.A.It costs too much.B.It needs repairing.C.It should be modernized.D.It still can be used.A.Because they are short of labor force.B.Because they need engineers to help moder
35、nize the factory.C.Because the staff need to be trained.D.Because some engineers are inefficient.A.It is less expensive.B.It attracts more investments.C.It makes advertising strategy more comprehensive.D.Their competitors have used it for a long time.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestio
36、ns 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Coal, oil and iron.B.Materials and production.C.Oil, electricity and labor.D.Trained college graduates.A.Industry and education have a clear mutuality of interests.B.Businessmen and educators have a harmonious friendship.C.Indust
37、ry and training are inseparable.D.Universities and corporation contributions are not important.A.Mutual distrust.B.Rapid expanding of economy.C.High taxes.D.Radicals.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Computers are fast.B.Computers do not often
38、provide evidences or witnesses.C.Computers can replace paperwork.D.Computers are safe from human temptation.A.The police, found his name in the records of an illegal gambling operation.B.His customer reported to the police about the crime.C.He confessed his crime to the police.D.The bank noticed his
39、 crime and reported it to the police.A.Because most computer criminals are major employees.B.Because many employees use computers to steal money.C.Because they do not know how to deal with computer crime at all.D.Because there might be more computer crimes done by experts.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32
40、to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.It is the first completely automatic railway in the world.B.The workers on the underground platforms are replaced by machines.C.Its trains are computer-controlled.D.Its trains run at a high speed.A.A platform worker.B.The command spot.
41、C.A computer.D.A machine.A.Drive the train after it is started automatically.B.Start the train and drive it when necessary.C.Take care of the passengers on the train.D.Send commanding signals to the command spot.A.It will stop automatically.B.It will move on at the same speed.C.It will gradually slo
42、w down.D.It will keep a safe distance from the other trains.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)British people now have more free time and holidays than they did twenty years ago. The average number of working hour has fallen, and by the mid-1980s almost all fulltimeU (36) /Uemployees were entitled to fou
43、r weeks holiday or more, inU (37) /Uto public holiday including Christmas andU (38) /U. The increasing number of unemployed,U (39) /Uthe young, means that large sections of the population have found themselves with moreU (40) /Utime. Typical popular pastimes in the UK include listening to pop music,
44、 going to bar, playing and watching sport, going on holidays, enjoying outdoor activities, and watching TV. The number of people playing sports has risen, partly due to theU (41) /Uof more sporting facilities such asU (42) /Uleisure centers. As. more people becomeU (43) /Uof the necessity for exerci
45、se,U (44) /U. Among the most popular sporting activities are walking, swimming, snooker and darts; fishing is the most popular country sport. Football, cricket, horse racing and motor sports are all popular spectator sports.U (45) /UMulti-screen cinemas have become more common and the number of peop
46、le going to the cinema increased in the mid-1980s, after having fallen by more than a half between 1981 and 1984.U (46) /U: Britain has one of the highest rates of home video ownership in the world.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、
47、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)Overseas students can apply for admission to almost all the courses in British universities, provided that they have the necessary qualifications. A very few courses areU (47) /Uto people already working in aU (48) /Uor in other ways; where this is the case, it isU (49) /Uin the university handbook. In spite that there are some courses speciallyU (50) /Ufor students from overseas, most overseas students attend.U (51) /Uthe same comes as British students.Students who apply for admission to British universities are obliged to provideU (52) /Uthat their educ
