1、大学四级-230 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief account of student“s increasing reliance on technology to solve problems, and then explain the consequence of o
2、ver-dependence on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)（分数：35.50）A.See a doctor.B.Stay in bed for a few days.C.Get treatment in a better hospital.D.Make a phone call to the doctor.A.The 2:00 tra
3、in will arrive earlier.B.The 2:30 train has a dining car.C.The woman prefers to take the 2:30 train.D.They are going to have some fast food on the train.A.Alice didn“t seem to be nervous during her speech.B.Alice needs more training in making public speeches.C.The man can hardly understand Alice“s p
4、resentation.D.The man didn“t think highly of Alice“s presentation.A.It“s worse than 30 years ago.B.It remains almost the same as before.C.There are more extremes in the weather.D.There has been a significant rise in temperature.A.He hasn“t seen any movie for a long time.B.The movie he saw wasGone wi
5、th the Wind.C.It is one of the best movies he has ever seen.D.He likes seeing movies very much.（分数：21.30）A.The man can stay in her brother“s apartment.B.Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.C.Her brother can find an apartment for the man.D.The man should have booked a less expensive hot
6、el.A.Priority should be given to listening.B.It“s most helpful to read English newspapers every day.C.It“s more effective to combine listening with reading.D.Reading should come before listening.A.Bill is a punctual person.B.Bill will come on time tonight.C.Bill will be late as usual.D.Bill won“t co
7、me at all.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Read the papers.B.Sort out letters.C.Go for a jog.D.Have a meeting.A.Having regular morning meetings.B.Going shopping with his wife.C.Having evening dinner at home.D.Having interview with journalists.A.Have mo
8、nthly board meetings with shareholders.B.Have a dinner engagement with customers.C.Plan the agenda for the next few days.D.Have weekly management committee meetings.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.He wants to fend out their professor“s phone number.B
9、.He wants to help the woman with her math homework.C.He wants to seek help in doing his math homework.D.He wants to know what the math assignment is.A.Tonight.B.In two hours.C.Tomorrow.D.In a few minutes.A.He didn“t expect the assignment to be so hard.B.He has already consulted his professor.C.He an
10、d the woman often work together.D.He is generally a good student.A.She thinks it“s too late to help him.B.She agrees to work with him.C.She offers to do the assignment for him.D.She will ask help from their professor.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 16 to 19 are based
11、 on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Happy moods.B.Good memory.C.Proper reasoning.D.Some training.A.To improve old people“s memory and thinking ability.B.To test how long thinking skill lasts in trained older people.C.To help old people do daily work.D.To examine how long a well-trained
12、old people can live.A.Speed of finishing short training class.B.Speed of receiving and understanding information.C.Speed of learning memory and thinking skills.D.Speed of generating correct reasoning.A.They disappear after the training.B.They endure for five years.C.They last for a full ten years.D.
13、They remain forever.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Its strong currency.B.Its high cost of buying a car.C.Its beautiful environment.D.Its massive immigrants.A.Sydney.B.Paris.C.Tokyo.D.New York City.A.High renting fees.B.Costly
14、 traveling expenses.C.High costs of groceries.D.High costs of education.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Those who seldom sleep.B.Those who seldom drink.C.Those who often smoke.D.Those who often eat junk food.A.No smoking or
15、drinking guarantees happiness.B.Kids with happy characters are less inclined to drink.C.Unhappy kids are more likely to be less healthy.D.Eating junk food worsens kids“ health.A.Eating fruits.B.Making friends.C.Drinking alcohol.D.Doing exercise.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Today“s lecture is on the su
16、bject of Pronunciation Achievement Factors. As an introduction we should ask ourselves three questions. Why should it be difficult for adults to learn 1 pronunciation in a foreign language? Secondly, why do some people achieve better results than others? And thirdly, what factors 2 who will achieve
17、good pronunciation? There have been several research studies 3 factors that affect performance. Firstly, and perhaps the most significant, was the mother tongue. The closer the student“s own language is to English to 4 , the greater the chance of high achievement. Secondly, the learner“s 5 towards p
18、ronunciation makes a difference: Students who believe in the importance of pronunciation tend to make more progress. Thirdly, conversation with native speakers of the language has strong 6 effects on pronunciation. Fourthly, and possibly the least important, was the student“s own natural ability. A
19、good ear and the ability to 7 help, but are far less significant than the other three factors. Two other factors were tested but found to be of little overall importance: the sex of the student and the 8 whether the learner is out going or shy. What conclusions can 9 these studies? We can“t change t
20、he first factorthe mother tonguebut we can control the second and third. Therefore, we have 10 influence over our own progress with pronunciation. （分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)The United
21、States“ predominance in science and technology is fading, a report released this month by the National Science Board warns. The report underlines what a powerhouse the United States 1 in knowledge- and technology-intensive industries, including high-tech manufacturing, energy and drug industry. All
22、in all, those industries 2 for about 40 percent of American economic output, more than in any other developed country, it finds. But with the rise of increasingly 3 emerging economies, the report suggests, underinvestment in research and development might translate into a less 4 less productive Amer
23、ican economy in the future. The world is 5 a “dramatic shift in the global scientific landscape,“ said Dan E.Arvizu, chairman of the National Science Board. “Emerging economies understand the 6 science and innovation play in the global marketplace and in economic, competitiveness and have increasing
24、ly placed a 7 on building their capacity in science and technology,“ he said. The Asian economies now perform a larger 8 of global research and development than the United States does. China carries out about as much high-tech manufacturing as the United States does, the report found. But the report
25、 also highlights some important market sectors where the United States appears to be falling behind. More 9 , the report finds that the United States might be 10 in the research and development spending that scientists say is the most important fuel for future innovation. Moreover, many countries sp
26、end larger and faster-growing proportions of their economic output on research. A. account B. role C. decays D. share E. lagging F. effect G. dominant H. directly I. worryingly J. remains K. priority L. concern M. limited N. undergoing O. competitive（分数：35.50）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)What Your iP
27、ad Knows About YouA. You“ve finally finished the book your co-worker recommended, so what to read next? If it is 5 a.m., chances are that you“re reaching for a romance novelespecially if you“re in Texas or Georgia. By early morning, thrillers might start to look more appealing. And if Philip K. Dick
28、 is your favorite author, books about beer are probably more up your taste than anything about wine or liquor. B. These are some of the insights from Scribd Inc. and Oyster, two startups that offer unlimited e-book rentals for a monthly subscription fee. Scribd, Oyster and Entitle Bookswhich just la
29、unched in Decemberare tracking reader behavior in hopes of figuring out recommendations of exactly what you“ll want to pick up next. C. About 50% of the U.S. population owns a dedicated e-reader, according to a Pew Research study released last month. In addition, 28% read an e-book last year, up fro
30、m 23% the previous year. The services are expanding. Scribd, a San Francisco-based site that started selling monthly e-book subscriptions last October, announced this month that its app is available on Amazon“s Kindle Fire and Kindle Paperwhite. After running exclusively on Apple“s operating system,
31、 New York-based Oyster plans to expand to Android later this year. And Entitle is considering adding an all-you-can-read feature to complement its current “book of the month“-style subscription service. Subscription services are popular because they “reduce the emotional burden“ of purchasing, says
32、Julie Haddon, Scribd vice president of marketing. Buying a book creates pressure to finish and get your money“s worth, she adds. In addition, people might try to save money by buying a cheaper book instead of the one they really want. D. Brian Konash, 34, who works at Web startup Squarespace in Manh
33、attan, joined Oyster two months ago because it didn“t cause the buyers“ sense of guilty he experienced when purchasing Kindle e-books. “You“ve already paid for the service, so you can read as much as you want,“ he says. “With other models, there“s that little financial bite each time you want to buy
34、 a book and you worry that it“s going to be worthless.“ Mr. Konash, who has been picking books based on the site“s suggestions, predicts he“ll read up to 10 more books a year beyond his usual 25. E. An all-access subscription “lowers the activation energy for reading, “says Oyster CEO Eric Stromberg
35、. Reading often has a high “activation energy“ because there“s a time gap between wanting to read a book and then actually getting your hands on it, he says. “When you can order a book and instantly get it on your tablet, you can hear about the book and then read it right there,“ says Willem van Lan
36、cker, Oyster“s chief product officer. F. “From the publishing perspective, the biggest problem is how to get people to care about a new book,“ says Otis Chandler, CEO of Goodreads, a site where people share what they“re reading and post recommendations. Goodreads, which was acquired by Amazon in Mar
37、ch, uses an algorithm (运算法则) that recommends books that users with similar taste have enjoyed. G. Oyster and Scribd ask readers to rate books, what they call an “active signal.“ They also track “passive signals,“ such as the percentage of a book that a reader finishes and the click rate, or how many
38、 people who are shown a book click through to learn more. The companies use that information among other factors to recommend books. Active signals represent what we wish we read, while passive signals are more honest, says Jared Friedman, Scribd chief technology officer. A lot of people give a 5-st
39、ar rating to “The Great Gatsby,“ while they read greedily, but don“t necessarily rate, thrillers like “The Da Vinci Code,“ for example. H. Other findings: Self-help might be a popular market, yet only about 20% of people who start such a book finish it. More than 80% of people who crack the pages of
40、 a mystery novel will find out who did it. People read through biographies at 20 pages per hour, while they read at three times that speed for erotica (色情作品). And higher “acceleration factor“or how much readers speed up as they get closer to finishingcorrelates with higher, average rating for a book
41、. One of the highest acceleration factors comes from Kurt Vonnegut“s “Cat“s Cradle,“ which readers start speeding through at the halfway mark, Mr. Friedman says. All three companies allow users to hide their reading behavior from other customers, but users can“t opt out of their behavior being colle
42、cted by the company itself. Entitle, however, says it keeps track of browsing and download information only. I. Personalized recommendations drive 10 times more browsing traffic than lists based on themes such as “globe-trotting memoirs“ or “bad role models“ that copy racks at the front of bookstore
43、s, Scribd“s Mr. Friedman says. The company is interested in combining algorithms with lists to create a list of best sellers that someone would, based on past reading behavior, find interesting. Another possible approach is to suggest different books or genres depending on time of day to take advant
44、age of what the company knows about time-based preferences. J. The algorithm doesn“t just analyze behavior signals, but “reads“ through a book“s text to pull out different topics, genres and subjects, says Bryan Batten, chief executive of Entitle. There“s also a patent-pending (申请专利中) service called
45、 “if these books had a baby,“ where users can input two books and find a third with similar themes. For example, the “baby“ of Joseph Heller“s “Catch-22“ and Leo Tolstoy“s “Anna Karenina“ is Fyodor Dostoevsky“s “The Brothers Karamazov“ but the product of “Catch-22“ and Steve Jobs biography is a book
46、 called “Dealers of Lightning,“ about engineers at Xerox Corp. K. Entitle operates on a tiered model: two books for $9.99 a month (the most popular plan), three for $14.99, and so on. For customers, the upside is being able to keep the e-books, even if they cancel the service. The services, of cours
47、e, compete with the library. But libraries have had limited e-book offerings and there are often waits for the books. Robert Wolven, co-chair of the American Library Association“s Digital Content Working Group, says demand has increased significantly in the past 18 months. He says he doesn“t see the
48、 startups as a threat. L. While libraries“ budget for e-books has been growing, licensing restrictions mean that popular titles often aren“t available, says Laura Girmscheid, research manager for the trade publication Library Journal , which recently released its fourth annual report on e-books in l
49、ibraries. This, combined with holds on e-books, is the largest hurdle preventing people from using library e-books more. “It“s just not convenient for instant access, “Ms. Girmscheid says.（分数：71.00）(1).Subscribers can“t stop e-book provider from collecting information about their reading behavior.（分数：7.10）(2).Due to the time
