1、大学四级-224 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 眼下大学生在外租房居住的现象十分普遍 2. 对比分析在外租房居住和住在学校宿舍的利弊 3. 我的看法（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B A Delicate Balance/BIn 1965 the American statesman Adlai E Stevenson said, “We all travel together, passengers on a little spaceshi
2、p, dependent on its vulnerable supplies of air and soil. We manage to survive by the care, work, and love we give our fragile craft.“ Our planet is indeed fragile. Every living thing on this planet is part of a complicated web of life, for no organism lives entirely on its own. Every organism is aff
3、ected by all that surrounds it whether living or nonliving. And in turn each organism has some effect on its surroundings.Even the most elementary understanding of ecology requires knowledge of this cause/effect relationship all organisms have on each other. Every thing we do to our environment will
4、 in one way or another affect the quality of life we experience on this tiny spaceship. If we want the quality of life to be high, we must be more aware that nature is a finely balanced mechanism and that it will not tolerate the abuse we have been giving it. Consider the following examples of human
5、 ignorance concerning the delicate balance of nature.BAswan and Other Fables/B“Once there was a country that desperately needed food and energy for its growing population. It happened that one of the most magnificent rivers in the world flowed through this country. Each year the river deposited tons
6、 of mineral-rich silt on its fertile flood plain before it reached the sea. “Why not dam the river,“ said the countrys leaders, “and use the water to irrigate more land, control the annual spring flooding of the river, and provide hydroelectric power all at the same time?“ The result of this modern-
7、day fairy tale is known as the billion- dollar Aswan High Dam of Egypt, and not all Egyptians are living happily ever after.“For one thing, as water backed up behind the dam, almost 100,000 Egyptians had to choose between giving up their family homes and being submerged along with ancient and pricel
8、ess temples that were part of Egypts cultural heritage. But there have been far more devastating results. Now that the Nile River floodplain is deprived of its annual enrichment with silt, artificial fertilizer has to be trucked in at a cost of 100 million dollars a year a cost carried by the subsis
9、tence farmers who make, on the average, less than a hundred dollars a year each. Furthermore, now there is nothing to wash away the previous years silt buildup in the soil. And with silt deposits no longer compensating for erosion, the fertile river delta is shrinking and an alarming part of what re
10、mains has completely dried up. Restoring the delta with pumps, drains, and wells may cost more than the dam itself.“Ironically, evaporation as well as bottom seepage from the new lake filling in behind the dam is so great that the lake basin may never fill up to predicted levels. So nobody can live
11、around the lake because nobody knows for sure where the shoreline will be. More seriously, there is less water to go around than there was before. And even though some 700,000 new acres (about 1.6 million hectares) have been opened up for agriculture, the population outgrew the potential food increa
12、se even before the dam was finished. At the same time, with the nutrient-rich flow of the Nile turned off, another major food source-the sardines, shrimp, and mackerel that flourished in the enriched waters off the delta has declined catastrophically. Worse yet, the lake and the irrigation networks
13、have so accelerated the spread of blood flukes that half the Egyptian populace are now carriers of schistosomiasis (血吸虫病). In irrigated areas, where eight out of ten humans live, women can expect to live only to age twenty-seven, men to age twenty-five.“BThe Hawaiian Goose/BAnother clear example of
14、human ignorance of natures delicate balance is seen in the near extinction of the Hawaiian Goose or Nene. It was estimated in the late eighteenth century that the population of Hawaiis unique variety of goose stood at about 25,000. In a matter of fifty years the population had dropped to approximate
15、ly thirty birds. There were undoubtedly multiple causes for the decline in the Nene population, and virtually all of them resulted, either directly or indirectly, from humans.The most disastrous activities of humans included hunting with firearms, ranching activities, and the building of beach resor
16、ts. There is little doubt that the Nenes near extinction was hastened after shotguns were brought to Hawaii. It seems reasonable to assume that many more Nenes were killed when guns became common. In a similar fashion, as people moved further inland on the islands they began to open more and more la
17、nd for the development of ranches and beach resorts. These developments forced the geese out of their natural nesting and breeding ranges. As these ranches and resorts became more plentiful, the Nene population accordingly decreased.The most harmful indirect effect of humans activities was the intro
18、duction of animals such as cattle, goats, mongooses, and game birds. When cattle were first brought to the islands, King Kamehameha proclaimed a ten-year protection of the animals. They were allowed to roam the islands unrestrained. They multiplied rapidly, and as they did they moved further and fur
19、ther into the virgin forests, destroying many of the plants that provided food and shelter for the Nene. The goats that were introduced to the islands were even more destructive to the Nene natural habitat. Because the goats were more agile, not only could they reach the plants at the lower elevatio
20、ns, but they also moved into the high-lands. In 1882, the mongoose was introduced to Hawaii in hopes that it would control the rats that were doing great damage in the sugar cane fields. The mongoose neither solved the rat problem nor remained in the sugar cane fields. As it moved out of the cane fi
21、elds, it did what it does naturally: it became a predator of ground-nesting birds-including the Nene. The game birds introduced to Hawaii (quail, turkey, and guinea hen) all encroached on the Nenes already severely limited natural range. With the limited land space that an island has, the Nene had n
22、o escape route and no time to build defenses against these rapidly arriving unnatural opponents.By the 1940s, the Nene population had dwindled to a number so low that almost nothing could be done to save this unique, tame, land-living goose. It had become a classic example of our unconscious destruc
23、tion of nature.BMosquito Plague/BStill another famous incident drives home the intricate relationships within our ecosystem. Some years ago, large quantities of DDT were used by the World Health Organization in a program of mosquito control in Borneo. Soon the local people, spared a mosquito plague,
24、 began to suffer a plague of caterpillars, which devoured the thatched roofs of their houses, causing them to fall in. The habits of the caterpillars limited their exposure to DDT, but predatory wasps that had formerly controlled the caterpillars were devastated.Further spraying was done indoors to
25、get rid of houseflies. The local gecko lizards, which previously had controlled the flies, continued to gobble their corpses now full of DDT. As a result, the geckos were poisoned, and the dying geckos were caught and eaten by house cats. The cats received doses of DDT, which had been concentrated a
26、s it passed from fly to gecko to cat, and the cats died. This led to another plague, now of rats. They not only devoured the peoples food but also threatened them with yet another plague this time the genuine article, bubonic plague. The government of Borneo became so concerned that cats were parach
27、uted into the area in an attempt to restore the balance.These are only three of many examples of our misunderstanding and mistreatment of the environment. Every thing we do to the environment will in one way or another affect other living things around us. Every time a factory dumps chemicals, a pow
28、er plant burns coal, a corporation builds a new resort, or hunters overkill a species of animal, a chain reaction is started that may have harmful, long-range consequences. The more we try to understand, control, and compensate for those consequences before they are set in motion, the more harmoniou
29、sly we will be able to live on this delicately balanced “tiny spaceship“.（分数：70.00）(1).Everything we do to our environment will _.（分数：7.00）A.improve the complicated web of lifeB.break the finely balanced mechanism of lifeC.affect the quality of lifeD.destroy the cause/effect relationship of life(2).
30、The leaders of Egypt decided to dam the Nile for the following purposes except _.（分数：7.00）A.using the water to irrigate more landB.controlling the flooding of the river in springC.shipping in artificial fertilizerD.providing hydroelectric power(3).After the Aswan High Dam was built, _.（分数：7.00）A.alm
31、ost 100, 000 Egyptians were submerged along with ancient templesB.each year tons of mineral-rich silt were deposited on the Nile River floodplainC.artificial fertilizer has to be trucked inD.the Egyptians started restoring the delta with pumps, drains and wells(4).Nobody can live around the new lake
32、 because _.（分数：7.00）A.bottom seepage from the new lake is greatB.one major food source has declinedC.nobody knows for sure where the shoreline will beD.there is the spread of blood flukes in the area(5).In a matter of fifty years the population of the Nene _.（分数：7.00）A.increased from thirty to 2500B
33、.increased from thirty to 25,000C.dropped from 2500 to thirtyD.dropped from 25,000 to thirty(6).The mongoose was introduced to Hawaii in the hope that _.（分数：7.00）A.it would protect the NeneB.it would control the ratsC.it would multiply rapidlyD.it would kill game birds(7).We may infer that _.（分数：7.0
34、0）A.DDT cannot kill the caterpillarsB.the wasps cause the mosquito plagueC.with the help of DDT, the local peoples living condition was improvedD.DDT was unable to reach the caterpillars that had the habit of hiding in the thatched roofs(8).Every living thing on this planet is part of _, for no orga
35、nism lives entirely on its own.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9)._ with pumps, drains, and wells may cost more than the dam itself.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Some years ago, large quantities of _ were used by the World Health Organization in a program of mosquito control in Borneo.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3
36、，分数：105.00)（分数：56.00）A.5:15B.5:10C.4:30D.5:00A.At a publishing house.B.At a bookstore.C.In a reading room.D.In Prof. Jordans office.A.Father and his daughter.B.Doctor and patient.C.Wife and husband.D.Student and teacher.A.Put off the appointment with the professor.B.Help move things to Mr. Johnsons.
37、C.Help the woman move items.D.Go to find Mr. Johnson.A.The woman be more careful.B.The woman find a spare key.C.They come downstairs.D.They try to think of a solution.A.Attend a conference.B.Meet his lawyer.C.Give a speech.D.Make a business trip.A.The woman is filming a lake.B.The woman is running t
38、owards a lake.C.The woman cant take a photo of the man.D.The woman is watching an exciting film with the man.A.The man is late for the rip because he is busy.B.The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C.The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D.The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown i
39、s unable to come.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.He saw the office on his way home from work.B.A friend referred him to Dr. Carters office.C.He found Dr. Carters number in the phone book.D.He found Dr. Carters number on the Internet.A.He has to pick u
40、p his took kits.B.He has to take a bus home.C.He has to open his store in the morning.D.He has to pick up his kids.A.The mans telephone number is 647-0547.B.The mans telephone number is 643-0547.C.The man was scheduled to meet the doctor at 8:15 A.M. Thursday.D.The man was scheduled to meet the doct
41、or at 8: 00 A. M Thursday.A.He hurt his knee when a tall ladder fell on him.B.He injured his ankle when he fell from a ladder.C.He sprained his hand when he fell off the roof of his house.D.His foot has a paint can on because he likes painting the house.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversati
42、on you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.His point of view was improper and could be easily attacked.B.He provided too many personal experiences.C.He provided too many analogies.D.He didnt support his arguments enough.A.He should base his paper on a lot of research.B.He should include less arguments in hi
43、s paper.C.He should use his experiences and analogies to support his arguments.D.He should write a longer paper.A.On February 17.B.On February 7.C.On January 17.D.On January 7.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)B Passage One/BBQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.
44、Business corporation.B.The universe as a hole.C.A society of legal professionals.D.An association of teachers and scholars.A.Its largest expansion took place during that period.B.Its role in society went through a dramatic change.C.Small universities combined to form bigger ones.D.Provincial college
45、s were taken over by larger universities.A.Private donations.B.Government funding.C.Grants from corporations.D.Fees paid by students.BPassage Two/BBQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Because Japanese preschools cost less than those in America.B.Because Japa
46、nese children have high academic achievement.C.Because Japanese preschools pay much attention to the overall development of children.D.Because there are only a few preschools in America.A.Preparing children academically.B.Developing childrens artistic interest.C.Tapping childrens potential.D.Shaping
47、 childrens character.A.They can be instructed by better teachers there.B.They can accumulate more group experience there.C.They can be individually oriented when they grow up.D.They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.BPassage Three/BBQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage
48、 you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Wide coverage of events.B.Quick speed of production.C.Immediacy of reporting.D.Focus on local events.A.Because people scan for the news they are interested in.B.Because different people prefer different newspapers.C.Because people are rarely interested in the same kind of news.D.Because people have different views about what makes a good newspaper.A.Because it tries to serve different readers.B.Because it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.C.Because readers are difficult to please.D.Because readers like to: re
