1、大学四级-223 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of advanced technology on people“s learning habits and then why
2、 reading is important. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)（分数：35.50）A.The tour is too long.B.The bus is too small.C.He does not like to travel.D.He does not want to say.A.Her roommate got the assi
3、stantship.B.She is not going to take a full load.C.Teaching is more difficult than studying.D.She will find another part-time job.A.He lives in the dorm.B.He will help the woman.C.He has to work on Saturday.D.He keeps his promise.A.She can“t drive at night.B.She isn“t a very good driver.C.She can“t
4、find her car.D.Her car has broken down.A.She is ill and needs medicine.B.She has not seen a doctor yet.C.She is a pharmacist.D.She wants the man“s prescription.（分数：21.30）A.The man should invite his friends to dinner.B.The man“s friends should come to his house.C.The man could take a plant to his fri
5、ends“.D.The man“s friends won“t like candy at all.A.She was not involved in the accident.B.She rescued many people with the belt.C.She had her seat belt on.D.She died in a car accident.A.The new refrigerator can be put here.B.The refrigerator has broken down before.C.They need to know the size of th
6、e new refrigerator.D.They should put the new refrigerator in a new space.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Executive director.B.Marketing director.C.Personnel manager.D.Director of Employment Bureau.A.It is higher than expected.B.It is very appealing.C.
7、It can be accepted.D.It goes against what he expected.A.Increasing the offered salary.B.Studying the statistics about salary.C.Choosing another applicant.D.Having a discussion with their executive director.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.It started f
8、rom the middle of 1960s.B.It didn“t end until the year of 1972.C.It means a huge increase in birth rate.D.It led to a sharp decline in U.S. economy.A.People between the ages of 20 and 30.B.People between the ages of 35 and 44.C.People born in the Depression days.D.People in the bank.A.They spend mor
9、e money than they earn.B.They use more credit cards than cash.C.They look more attractive than their parents.D.They are busier than their parents.A.Boomers don“t like saving money.B.The U.S. economy has developed rapidly.C.Old industries are gradually on the decline.D.Boomers care about their looks
10、and health.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.You will get cramped muscle.B.The blood circulation will stop.C.It will definitely result in the lung disease.D.Blood lumps can form in your feet and legs.A.
11、The probability of getting blood lumps on airplanes is high.B.Every hurting leg on airplanes is the indication of a blood lump.C.The symptoms of the blood lump will disappear after two weeks.D.Sitting for four hours or more reduces blood circulation in the legs.A.Sitting tight for the entire duratio
12、n.B.Getting up and walking in the aisle a little bit.C.Having a good sleep with a comfortable position.D.Dreaming of the hour when the plane finally lands.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.He was born in a pilot family.B.He saw
13、an airplane in 1913.C.He went to a flying school in 1919.D.He finally rode in an airplane at school.A.As a pilot in an airline.B.As a performer in the flying show.C.As an aircraft mechanic.D.As a soldier in air force.A.He turned to teach his son how to pilot a plane.B.He went to work in the oil-prod
14、ucing areas of Texas.C.He gave up being a pilot the day the accident happened.D.He taught himself to judge distance with only one eye.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.They think that cooking a good meal at home is the best.B.
15、They love cooking and they have the best cooking skills.C.They think it means the cold cereal, sandwiches and instant dinners.D.They think it is to toss the contents of a package into the microwave.A.From TV.B.From books.C.From friends.D.From Internet.A.The recipes they have.B.The environment they a
16、re in.C.The inspiration they suddenly get.D.The ingredients they have available.A.It is a world that can create huge profits.B.It is a market that Americans want to seize.C.It is a delicacy that everyone wants to share.D.It is a language that everyone understands.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)We long f
17、or love, connection, and understanding, but oftentimes we don“t know how to create it. Growing up in a goal-oriented society, we may develop a mindset that helps us 1 business, but doesn“t do much to create safe and satisfying relationships. Pushing ourselves to work harder and 2 our viewpoints may
18、increase sales figures or professional triumphs, but too much focus on success can be contrary to love and 3 . Perhaps you“ve noticed how any hint of trying to control, persuade, or 4 others pushes them away and creates distance. Inviting people toward us requires a different mindset. We create a 5
19、soil for connections by first connecting with ourselves. This means being mindful of what we“re experiencing from moment to moment. Our perceptions of others may remain fixed, but our inner experience is 6 changing. One moment we may feel angry. Then, if we stay with that anger, we might notice deep
20、er and truer feelings underlying it. Perhaps sadness or fear 7 , along with a courageous willingnessand hear what it might be trying to tell us. It“s easier to see another“s flaws than to recognize our own blind spots. What“s often 8 to usand the hidden key to resolutionis noticing and sharing what
21、we“re actually experiencing inside. Relationship 9 are not like fixing a plumbing problem, where we need to focus on the external problem. When it comes to relationships, we need to keep the focus on ourselves. That is, we need to notice or 10 what we“re genuinely feeling and wanting. （分数：71.00）填空项
22、1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)The study from St. Michael“s Hospital and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Science found that women tend to seek out mental health services months earlier than men. Researchers looked at people diagnosed with at least one of four
23、illnesses: diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma (哮喘) or chronic obstructive lung disease. Of people diagnosed with these 1 , women were not only more likely than men to seek mental health services, but they also used medical services for mental health 2 six months earlier than men in any three-year
24、 period. For the purposes of the study, “mental health services“ were 3 as one visit to a physician or specialist for mental health reasons, such as depression, anxiety, smoking addiction or marital difficulties. “Our results don“t 4 mean that more 5 should be paid to women, however,“ study author F
25、lora Matheson said. “We still need more research to understand why this gender 6 exists.“ The findings could suggest 7 conclusions about the way that different sexes use mental health services. It may mean that women feel more comfortable seeking mental health support than men or that men delay seek
26、ing support. The study could also 8 that symptoms are worse among women, which would 9 more women to seek help and to do so sooner. “Chronic physical illness can lead to 10 ,“ Matheson said. “We want to better understand who will seek mental health services when diagnosed with a chronic physical ill
27、ness so we can best help those who need care.“ A. comparisons I. interior B. conditions J. necessarily C. defined K. offer D. depression L. refined E. divide M. successively F. encourage N. treatment G. focus O. various H. imply（分数：35.50）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A National Minimum Wage Is a Bad F
28、it for Low-Cost CommunitiesA. Progressives (改革派) are practically united in supporting periodic increases in the national minimum wage. The only disagreement is by how much: some, like President Obama and his fellow Democrats, propose raising the national minimum wage by almost 40 percent over the ne
29、xt few years to $10.10 per hour and indexing it to inflation thereafter; others favor almost doubling the current minimum wage to a so-called “living wage“ of $15 per hour or more. B. But note that we call it the national minimum wage. It“s a federally mandated (依法的) minimum wage that applies univer
30、sally across the countryin cities, suburbs, and rural communities; in places where the cost of living is high, such as Washington D.C., and New York; and in the countless small towns and cities where the cost of living is far lower. And it“s partly this uniform, one-size-fits-all aspect of a nationa
31、l minimum wage that guarantees that it won“t work as expected, or at least won“t work well at all in thousands of America“s low-cost communities. C. Let“s assume that within a given labor market, there“s some mandated minimum wage that would both increase pay for low-skilled workers and cause little
32、 or no increase in unemployment. Now, that“s a pretty strong and unrealistic assumption: despite the publicity given to a number of studies claiming that minimum wages don“t hurt job prospects for low-skilled workers, most economists still believe that a substantial increase in the minimum wage woul
33、d hurt job growth. University of California economists David Neumark and Ian Salas show that many of the studies that claim no adverse employment effects of minimum wage hikes can produce this result only under very narrow terms, such as by evaluating employment over short periods of time or using a
34、 certain statistical technique. Using different time periods and applying alternate statistical methods to the same data, researchers have confirmed the conventional economic wisdom: that a government-mandated floor on wages reduces employment opportunities for low-skilled workers. D. But let“s igno
35、re economic reality for a moment and assume that there might be some minimum wage, like $10.10 per hour, which will boost the incomes of low-skilled workers without lowering employment in certain labor markets. Even in that case, imposing a uniform national minimum wage on every local community will
36、 inevitably lead to adverse economic outcomes in many locations, because it artificially imposes a single minimum wage on every labor market in the United States, without any consideration of the huge variation in the cost of living around the country. E. It“s easy to illustrate this point using dat
37、a from the Council for Community and Economic Research“s (C2ER) Cost of Living Survey, which compares the costs of food, housing, health care, utilities, and transportation in more than 300 metropolitan areas around the country in 2013. F. For instance, in Pueblo, Colorado, housing costs are almost
38、30 percent lower than in the typical U.S. metropolitan area, health care costs are 14 percent lower than average, food costs are 12 percent lower, and the overall cost of living there is 17 percent below the national average. Couldn“t a low-skilled worker in Pueblo easily get by on a lower minimum w
39、age when their cost of living is significantly below the national average? If $10.10 was the “correct“ national minimum wage, it should only be about $8.25 per hour in Pueblo, adjusted for the lower cost of living there. G. But even these comparisons don“t accurately capture the full extent of the p
40、roblem with a single, national minimum wage, because the C2ER data are calculated only for larger metropolitan areas, where wages and costs of living tend to be the highest. It“s in the thousands of smaller rural areas across America, where the cost of living is generally extremely low, that an incr
41、ease in a national minimum wage will have the greatest adverse impact on job opportunities. H. Many progressives might think that low-skilled workers in high-cost communities are cheated, because fewer of them would be affected by a minimum wage increase to $10.10. In reality, it“s the other way aro
42、und. In a high-cost, high-wage labor market like Manhattan, a $10.10 per hour minimum wage is so low relative to average wages that it won“t have much impact there. I. Compared to low-cost, low-wage labor markets, fewer low-skilled workers in Manhattan would be priced out of the labor market at $10.
43、10 per hour and more will have the opportunity to get a job, build some skills and work habits, and move on to something better. After all, evidence shows that two-thirds of minimum wage workers receive a raise within one year, putting them on the road to a better future. J. In contrast, when the fe
44、deral government imposes that same uniform national minimum wage of $10.10 per hour on a low-cost, low-wage labor market like Pueblo, that wage will be far above the appropriate wage for that community based on local market conditions and the relatively low cost of living, and the results could be d
45、isastrous. K. Employers in Pueblo can“t simply raise prices to help pay for a 40 percent increase in the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour, since their customers don“t have the incomes to cover such a cost. As a result, employers in small communities like Pueblo will find ways to economize on labor co
46、sts, such as eliminating positions, cutting hours, substituting machines and technology for workers, or reducing the growth of their workforces, as a recent academic study concludes. Low-skilled workers will be most hurt in low-cost cities like Pueblo by a national minimum wage that isn“t adjusted f
47、or local conditions and costs of living. L. It“s probably not a coincidence, therefore, that the most vocal supporters of a higher minimum wage come from high-cost, high-wage urban areas, where a higher minimum wage of $10.10 per hour might have only a negligible effect. But it“s the small communiti
48、es around the country like Pueblo that will suffer the most from an increase in the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour, because that uniform national wage raises the cost of hiring low-skilled workers by a disproportionately greater amount in the labor markets with lower costs of living. M. Before rais
49、ing the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour, we should carefully consider the long-lasting damage that will be inflicted on thousands of America“s low-wage, low-cost communities from that “one-size-fits-all“ national minimum wage.（分数：71.00）(1).Progressives disagree on how much the national minimum wage should be raised.（分数：7.10）(2).Raising the national minimum wage will do the biggest harm to people from rural parts of America in their job opportunities.（分数：7.10）(3).In 2013, C2ER mak
