1、大学四级-213 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.当今社会是一个讲信用的社会； 2. 是否讲信用对个人在社会上的立足发展十分重要； 3. 我该如何做起。 BMy View on Credit/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BAnimal Behavior/BEuthanasia(安乐死) is the number-one killers of dogs and cats in the U. S.-responsible for more dea
2、ths that all infectious diseases combined. And behavior problems are the number-one reason that animals are turned in to animal shelters. When pets become destructive, aggressive or cause major inconveniences, some owners feel that parting with the animal is the only solution. The good news is that
3、help is available. To keep you from reaching the end of your rope, here are a few things you should know about your animals behavior.When a dog or cat does something upsetting to an owner, very often the event was just the animals normal behavior. But the owner may misread the situation, react inapp
4、ropriately and worsen the problem.Consider the following example. Dogs dont like to go out in heavy rain or snow any more than we do. One morning, an owner gets up and lets his dog outside to urine(排尿). Since his dog does not really want to get wet, he sits by the door waiting to get back inside. He
5、 did not eliminate while outside, but his owner does not know this. Later in the morning, when his urge to eliminate is overwhelming, the dog urinates on the kitchen floor.The owner comes home and assumes the dog eliminated in the house to “get even“ with him for not petting him enough or for some o
6、ther action. The owner then punishes the dog.Now, after several consecutive days of bad weather, the dog quickly learns to associate the combined presence of the owner and the smell of urine with punishment. The dogs resulting hesitant behavior around his owner is interpreted as a “guilty“ expressio
7、n instead of a submissive one. This misunderstanding can lead to less interaction between owner and dog and to more negative feelings toward the animal.In another example, a cat may sharpen his claws on his owners new sofa because its texture is highly desirable. Because the old sofa was the cats fa
8、vorite daytime napping spot, the owner may assume that the cat is “getting even“ with him for replacing the sofa. This inaccurate assumption can lead to the cat being, punished for merely looking at the new sofa.In both these situations, there are two major misunderstandings. The first is that an an
9、imal would exhibit a particular behavior as revenge (报复) for something his owner did. In the dogs case, he was merely expressing normal behavior in response to a particular environmental situation-the bad weather.Normally the dog knows that the preferred location for elimination is outdoors. But whe
10、n it was raining hard he hurried back inside. Naturally, when his need to go became overwhelming, he soiled in the house. Hardly an act of revenge! And the cats claw sharpening was completely normal cat behavior that may even have been tolerated on the old sofa. Why then should the cat differentiate
11、 the old sofa from the new one, or why should the cat know that the highly attractive fabric on the new sofa is to be left alone.The second misunderstanding in these cases is that many pet owners do not understand that punishment for animals is only associated with the event of the moment. Delayed i
12、nteractions or ones that are really not connected to the problem are not effective. They only serve to express the owners frustration and are not really punishment in the classic sense. In the dogs case, his owners action is interpreted by the dog as punishment for walking up to the owner, not as pu
13、nishment for eliminating in the house several hours earlier. That dog learned that owner + odor = punishment, not that it is unacceptable to eliminate in the house, regardless of the weather.And, because the cat owner is not around 24 hours a day to make the cats punishment consistent, the cat learn
14、s to avoid the owner in the room with the sofa, since owner + sofa = punishment. The lessons these owners think are being taught through words and punishment are not the lessons the animals learn.For this reason, it is better to look for ways to avoid the original event-a positive rather than negati
15、ve approach.A positive approach for the dogs problem is for a family member to go out with the dog to be sure that elimination occurs. That way the dog will not have an urge to eliminate inside, when his owner is gone. The cats owner can cover the problem sofa and place an appropriate scratching pos
16、t near the problem area so the cat will learn what is an acceptable clawing area. Eventually both animals can be trusted and the household can return to normal.It is possible that an owner can reward undesirable behavior with too much attention. Barking at night is disturbing, so an owner yells at h
17、is dog to be quiet. The dog associates human contact with barking and is encouraged to bark again for more attention. If loud enough or long enough, the barking may actually drive an owner to bring an outdoor dog into the house, where he gets lots of human contact. Since barking is often a response
18、to a brief disturbance, it will usually stop on its own. Unfortunately once the behavior is rewarded with attention, it can take longer to stop by simply remain resolute in their goal since occasional rewards prolong the behavior even more.Dog and cat owners have many valuable resources for understa
19、nding their animals behavior in their veterinariana (兽医) and local animal shelter. Some veterinarian clinics, local humane societies and community dog training schools offer puppy kindergarten classes to start off the new family member right. If there is a behavior you do not understand in your pet,
20、 be sure to ask questions. Explain and describe any small problem, as many problems are easier to correct in their mild form and more difficult to stop once they have developped. Dogs with fear to approaching thunderstorms, dogs that have too much energy, cats that raid the kitchen counters, and man
21、y other problems can be helped. Your veterinarian or humane society can refer you to veterinary specialists or other appropriate people for particularly complicated problems.（分数：70.00）(1).What do people usually do when their pets are thought to have behavior problems?（分数：7.00）A.They send the pets to
22、 other friends.B.They kill their pets.C.They send the pets to animal shelters.D.They go to ask help from experts.(2).When owners are unhappy at their animals behaviors, they_.（分数：7.00）A.tend to misunderstand their normal behaviors as abnormal onesB.take mild punishments instead of severe onesC.alway
23、s improve their animals behaviorsD.do something to encourage their animals(3).What is the result of the misunderstanding between the pet and the owner?（分数：7.00）A.Communication between the pet and the owner is stressed.B.The owner will dislike the pet more.C.The owner feels sorry for the punishment.D
24、.The pet feels guilty for their behaviors.(4).When a pet scratches on a new sofa, his owner regards it as _ .（分数：7.00）A.revengeB.abnormal behaviorC.madnessD.normal behavior(5).When a pet dog eliminates in the house while its raining hard, it _.（分数：7.00）A.indeed takes a revenge on its ownerB.is showi
25、ng fear to the bad weatherC.doesnt take a revenge on its ownerD.wants the house to be as wet as the outside(6).Which of the following is proper when a punishment is needed because of animals bad behavior?（分数：7.00）A.A prompt punishment directly associated with the event.B.A punishment two days before
26、 the pets typical bad behavior.C.A punishment two hours after the pets bad behavior.D.A punishment when the interaction between is built.(7).What is the effective measure when you dont want the pet cat to scratch the sofa?（分数：7.00）A.To change the sofa so that the cat can scratch more.B.To beat the c
27、at the moment it scratches habitually.C.To remove the sofa outside of the house.D.To assign a place for scratching near the sofa.(8).If you dont like your dog to bark, youd better not give it _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).In order to help your little pet dog develop good behaviors, youd better take it to _.
28、（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Since its more difficult to solve serious animal behavior problems, its advised to solve the problems in _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.The man has earned little money.B.The woma
29、n has earned a lot of money.C.The man has earned a lot of money.D.The man has given the woman a lot of money.A.Listening to the radio.B.Looking at the photos.C.Watching television.D.Reading newspaper.A.The milk is safe to drink.B.The milk is not safe to drink.C.She shouldnt have bought the milk.D.He
30、 wouldnt have milk for breakfast.A.He is thoughtful.B.He is forgetful.C.He is careless.D.He is helpful.A.Go right into the office.B.Come back at four.C.Wait a short time.D.Change the appointment.A.The new teacher is sick.B.He hasnt met the teacher yet.C.There are three new teachers.D.He doesnt like
31、the teacher.A.Moving into a different office in the department.B.Taking a day off from studying.C.Joining other students in the department.D.Finding more students to help with the move.A.He should look for a battery at the drugstore.B.The drugstore may not be open at this hour.C.He should have tried
32、 the radio earlier.D.She doesnt know how to open the radio.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.From the newspaper.B.From her classmates.C.From her friends.D.From the man.A.Plant some trees on campus.B.Organize a picnic.C.Build a parking lot.D.Protect the
33、natural beauty on campus.A.She will attend a meeting.B.She will attend a classC.She will visit her friends.D.She will go to the parking lot.A.Lend her pen to the man.B.Go to the administration with the man.C.Give out the handouts with the man.D.Sign her name to support the student action union.Quest
34、ions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They had to stay in Denver for two days.B.They missed seeing the Grand Canyon.C.They started out on the wrong highway.D.They almost didnt see Indian Falls.A.Highway 40.B.Highway 14.C.Highway 90.D.Highway 19.A.John was preven
35、ted from going fishing.B.Jimmy got sick from eating too many grapes.C.They stayed with the wifes cousin.D.They had some trouble with their automobile.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Because every engineer must wo
36、rk with these sciences.B.Because every engineer knows a lot of them.C.Because the two sciences are taught in every school.D.Because the two sciences are too difficult.A.Chemistry, mechanical drawing.B.Social science.C.A good command of language.D.Economics and history.A.Before finishing high school.
37、B.After a year or two in college.C.After graduation from college.D.Before entering college.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.They are what people read.B.Many people begin their day by reading newspapers.C.They are important information sources.
38、D.They are important because of the front pages.A.They tell people what is going on in the world.B.They tell people what is on sale in the shop.C.They enable people to know the content quickly.D.They are for humorous purposes.A.They are weekly printed.B.They are not as interesting as those in big ci
39、ties.C.They are not as many as in big cities.D.They dont have as much news as those in big cities.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.American society.B.American culture.C.Americans personality.D.Americans activity.A.Americans always seem to be
40、 on the move.B.Americans know a lot about international affairs.C.Americans are very patient.D.Americans are comfortable with silence during a conversation.A.They are really interested in your life.B.They want to learn about you as quickly as possible.C.They intend to know the answer to the question
41、.D.They do not know how to communicate with others properly.A.Because they are too proud of themselves.B.Because they are not interested in other countries.C.Because they are too busy to learn about other countries.D.Because their country does not have many neighboring nations.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分
42、数：77.00)Nowadays people use many methods to keep fit. For example, taking exercise and going on a diet. What is the purpose of keeping fit? TheU (36) /Uof keeping fit is to avoid ill health,U (37) /U the mental and physical fatigue that makes us more likely to contractU (38) /U, and above all, to fe
43、el moreU (39) /Uin being alive. Research has shown the value of aU (40) /Udiet, fresh air, sunshine,U (41) /Urest and some form ofU (42) /Uexercise for everyone. If everyone followed this plan, the number of people visiting the doctor and going to hospital would beU (43) /Ureduced. Unfortunately,U (
44、44) /U. We spend too much time watching others from the comfort of an armchair or a seat in the stand at a sports stadium. One reason why people who are physically fit live longer is thatU (45) /U. The also avoid suffering the consequences of weakened muscles. About 640 muscles account for about 45%
45、 of our bodys weight,U (46) /U.Sensible exercise, suited to each individual and preferably undertaken on the advice of a doctor, is the best insurance of meeting these requirements.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题
46、数：1，分数：90.00)Daily social relations in France have always been dominated by family ties. The family has been the focus of the individuals loyalty andU (47) /U, of his economic interest, and even of hisU (48) /Uduty. Many an older Frenchman has spent his youth in a World where the familys needs and d
47、emands were put before those of the localU (49) /Uor even of the State.The main change since the war is that the focus of loyalty has beenU (50) /Unarrowing from the“U (51) /Ufamily“ to the “nuclear family“, i.e. the home cell of parents and children. In the rural areas the traditionally big peasant families have lost their influence as the youngU (52) /Uaway to the town. And in the upper class families, asU (53) /Ugives way to income and family management disappears, the tight network of the big family gathering has become less necessary for the individuals future,
