1、大学四级-193 及答案解析(总分：710.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the significance of waste sorting. You should write at
2、 least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.00）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：49.00)Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.Because the holiday has gone.B.Because a horror attack happened.C.Because few flights fly to Egypt.D.Because
3、wealthy tourists may be caught.A.Tourists from Russia.B.Tourists from Britain.C.Tourists from Arab countries.D.Tourists from Egypt.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.8,500.B.160.C.1,000.D.500.A.To standardize the curriculum.B.To end all tuition fees.C.To set asid
4、e room for all students.D.To make the students“ allowance higher.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. （分数：21.00）A.To reduce the risk of heart attack.B.To help people stop smoking.C.To reduce the sales of traditional tobacco.D.To test the benefit and harm of e-cigarette.A.It is
5、useless.B.it might cause air pollution.C.It is too expensive.D.Its function is unknown.A.1/5 of adults smoke in the UK.B.2/3 of smokers get breathing diseases.C.10 million of them are reluctant to quit smoking.D.15 million of them have tried e-cigarette.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation One(总
6、题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.Take a job to pay the tuition fees.B.Visit his parents in his hometown.C.Spend the summer with his friends.D.Work as a volunteer in South Africa.A.Her home is too far away from her university.B.Her parents
7、 have been volunteering in South America.C.She is too busy to visit her parents.D.She has to take a part-time job during vacations.A.The loaning rate is too high.B.The loan procedure is complex.C.She wouldn“t be able to get a loan.D.She hates to have debt burden.A.Stay with her parents the whole sum
8、mer.B.Take a full-time job to earn some money.C.Go back home and take a part-time job.D.Apply for a loan and stay with her parents.六、Conversation Two(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.She needs to do some research on industrial architect
9、ure.B.Albert Kahn is the woman“s most-respected architect.C.She is interested in his classical design and industrial design.D.Albert Kahn designed many grand factories all over the world.A.They were inefficient.B.They had wooden frames.C.They were spacious and airy.D.They didn“t provide enough light
10、.A.It made the buildings solid and fireproof.B.It decreased workers“ labor intensity.C.It shortened the construction period.D.It beautified the outlook of the buildings.A.He did research in Kahn“s factories.B.He read a lot of background materials.C.He focused on Kahn“s classical design.D.He went to
11、the auto plants in Detroit.七、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：42.50)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：42.51）A.They can help take pictures of cars on highways.B.They can help send fines to speedy motorists.C.They can help catch cars breaking traffic ru
12、les.D.They can help make the traffic run smoother.A.It takes pictures only.B.It can not do paperwork.C.It needs someone to issue fines.D.It takes pictures and does paperwork.A.It can help catch stolen cars.B.It can package food.C.It makes cars run faster.D.It gives information to the drivers.九、Passa
13、ge Two(总题数：1，分数：43.50)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43.50）A.There are 250 million plants eaten by insects.B.There are fewer plants than 250 million years ago.C.They have their way of guarding against insects.D.They have a better immune system than before.A.Usin
14、g less insecticide.B.Giving the plants up.C.Spraying crops frequently.D.Trying other insecticide.A.Changing the way of spraying crops.B.Buying some outdoor insect lamps.C.Using a combination of three insecticide.D.Trying to attract new insects onto the crops.十、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：58.00)Questions
15、22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：58.00）A.They are supported by the local government.B.They are named after the cities where they live.C.Their players gathered from all over the country.D.They play professional basketball games in November only.A.During the summer months.B.D
16、uring the spring months.C.During the winter months.D.During the autumn months.A.Basketball.B.Football.C.Baseball.D.Golf.A.Both require strength and specialized skills.B.Both require height and responsibility.C.Both require enthusiasm and hard work.D.Both require flexibility and good health.十一、Part R
17、eading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.00)A paper, Anatomy (剖析 ) of a Large Scale Social Search Engine , laying out a strategy for social search has been getting a good deal of attention in tech circles. It was written by Damon Horowitz and Sepandar Kamvar of Aardvark, one of several co
18、mpanies 1 on creating social search engines. Social search 2 to connect people with questions to people who can answer those questions. By contrast, regular Web searches take questions, break them into keywords, and then find Web sites that have the most 3 to these keywords. The idea has been floati
19、ng around tech circles for years. Yahoo, among others, has tried to develop social search as a way to 4 Google. The idea has gained impulse with the increased use of Twitter and Facebook, where people 5 on their networks for information, blasting questions to their social networks and, getting usefu
20、l, personalized 6 . Aardvark and its competitors are trying to create better tools for people with questions to connect to people with answers. Some people think social search has the potential to go beyond Google and 7 change the way people use the Internet. From a technical standpoint, Aardvark“s
21、task is easier than Google“s. But there are also some 8 shortcomings to Aardvark“s approach. Getting answers through social search requires someone else to do something, so it cannot produce the 9 satisfaction that comes from typing something into a Web search box and watching a page of results appe
22、ar. For Aardvark to be successful, it needs to enlist the participation of 10 answerers. A. working E. fundamentally I. competent M. relation B. researches F. specializing J. significant N. challenge C. aims G. constant K. relevance O. rely D. responses H. primarily L. instant（分数：35.00）十三、Section B(
23、总题数：1，分数：70.00)How Should Teachers Be Rewarded?A. We never forget our best teachersthose who inspired us with a deeper understanding, or an enduring passion, the ones we come back to visit years after graduating, the educators who opened doors and altered the course of our lives. B. It would be wond
24、erful if we knew more about such talented teachers and how to multiply their number. How do they come by their craft? What qualities and capacities do they possess? Can these abilities be measured? Can they be taught? Perhaps above all: How should excellent teaching be rewarded so that the best teac
25、hersthe most competent, caring and compellingremain in a profession known for low pay and low status? C. Such questions have become critical to the future of public education in the U.S. Even as politicians push to hold schools and their faculty members responsible as never before for student learni
26、ng, the nation faces a shortage of teaching talent. About 3.2 million people teach in U.S. public schools, but, according to an estimate made by econoraist William Hussar at the National Center for Education Statistics, the nation will need to recruit an additional 2.8 million over the next eight ye
27、ars owing to baby-boomer retirement, growing student enrollment and staff turnover (人员调整)which is especially rapid among new teachers. Finding and keeping high-quality teachers are key to America“s competitiveness as a nation. Recent test results show that U.S. 10th-graders ranked just 17th in scien
28、ce among peers from 30 nations, while in math they placed in the bottom five. Research suggests that a good teacher is the single most important factor in boosting achievement, more important than class size, the dollars spent per student or the quality of textbooks and materials. D. Across the coun
29、try, hundreds of school districts are experimenting with new ways to attract, reward and keep good teachers. Many of these efforts borrow ideas from business. They include signing bonuses for hard-to-fill jobs like teaching high school chemistry, housing allowances and what might be called combat pa
30、y for teachers who commit to working in the most distressed schools. But the idea gaining the most motivationand controversyis merit pay, which attempts to measure the quality of teachers“ work and pay teachers accordingly. E. Traditionally, public-school salaries are based on years spent on the job
31、 and college credits earned, a system favored by unions because it treats all teachers equally. Of course, everyone knows that not all teachers are equal. Just witness how hard parents try to get their kids into the best classrooms. And yet there is no universally accepted way to measure competence,
32、 much less the great charm of a truly brilliant educator. In its absence, policymakers have focused on that current measure of all things educational: student test scores. In districts across the country, administrators are devising systems that track student scores back to the teachers who taught t
33、hem in an attempt to assign credit and blame and, in some cases, target help to teachers who need it. Offering bonuses to teachers who raise student achievement, the theory goes, will improve the overall quality of instruction, retain those who get the job done and attract more highly qualified cand
34、idates to the professionall while lifting those all-important test scores. F. Such efforts have been encouraged by the government, which in 2006 started a program that awards $99 million a year in grants to districts that link teacher compensation to raising student test scores. Merit pay has also b
35、ecome part of the debate in Congress over how to improve the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act. Last summer, the president signed merit pay at a meeting of the National Education Association, the nation“s largest teachers“ union, so long as the measure of merit is “developed with teachers, not imposed o
36、n them and not based on some test score.“ Hillary Clinton says she does not support merit pay for individual teachers but does advocate performance-based pay on a schoolwide basis. G. It“s hard to argue against the notion of rewarding the best teachers for doing a good job. But merit pay has a long
37、history in the U.S., and new programs to pay teachers according to test scores have already had an opposite effect in Florida and Houston. What holds more promise is broader efforts to transform the profession by combining merit pay with more opportunities for professional training and support, thou
38、ghtful assessments of how teachers do their jobs and new career paths for top teachers. H. To the business-minded people who are increasingly running the nation“s schools, there“s an obvious solution to the problems of teacher quality and teacher turnover: offer better pay for better performance. Th
39、e challenge is deciding who deserves the extra cash. Merit-pay movements in the 1920s, “50s and “80s turned to failure just because of that question, as the perception grew that bonuses were awarded to principals“ pets. Charges of unfairness, along with unreliable funding and union opposition, sank
40、such experiments. I. But in an era when states are testing all students annually, there“s a new, less subjective window onto how well a teacher does her job. As early as 1982, University of Tennessee statistician Sanders seized on the idea of using student test data to assess teacher performance. Wo
41、rking with elementary-school test results in Tennessee, he devised a way to calculate an individual teacher“s contribution to student progress. Essentially, his method is this: he takes three or more years of student test results, projects a trajectory (轨迹) for each student based on past performance
42、 and then looks at whether, at the end of the year, the students in a given teacher“s class tended to stay on course, soar above expectations or fall short. Sanders uses statistical methods to adjust for flaws and gaps in the data. “Under the best circumstances,“ he claims, “we can reliably identify
43、 the top 10% to 30% of teachers.“ J. Sanders devised his method as a management tool for administrators, not necessarily as a basis for performance pay. But increasingly, that“s what it is used for. Today he heads a group at the North Carolina-based software firm SAS, which performs value-added anal
44、ysis for North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and districts in about 15 other states. Most use it to measure schoolwide performance, but some are beginning to use value-added calculations to determine bonuses for individual teachers.（分数：70.00）(1).Student test scores have become the key meas
45、ure of teachers“ performance due to the lack of well-accepted standards.（分数：7.00）(2).The merit pay program in Florida and Houston has turned out to be a failure.（分数：7.00）(3).The annual tests for students bring a new, less subjective way to measure the teaching quality.（分数：7.00）(4).The key factor to
46、strengthen achievement for a school is a good teacher.（分数：7.00）(5).Value-added calculations have been used to determine the bonuses a teacher deserves.（分数：7.00）(6).Teaching is an occupation known for low salary.（分数：7.00）(7).Sanders“ method was at first created as a management tool for administrators
47、 rather than a basis for performance pay.（分数：7.00）(8).Merit pay attempts to pay teachers according to their working performance.（分数：7.00）(9).Hillary Clinton agrees the school staff should be paid based on performance.（分数：7.00）(10).Merit-pay movements in the past didn“t succeed because unfairness was
48、 created when deciding who should get the extra money.（分数：7.00）十四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.50)Of all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren“t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can“t afford. We run up s
49、ky-high credit-card debt. We don“t save nearly enough for retirement. In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March. Students with top scores on that e
