1、大学四级-187 及答案解析(总分：710.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on success and persistence. You should write at least 120
2、 words but no more than 180 words. In fact, we are close to success.（分数：106.00）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：49.00)Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.Sixteen people drowned.B.It stopped in a Greek island.C.There were 15 people on board.
3、D.It started from Turkey.A.They crossed Europe to Africa.B.They went to Europe by sea.C.Many of them migrate from countries in the East.D.Thousands of them already made the trip.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.Serena Williams won a tennis champion.B.Serena Wil
4、liams was pronounced Sportsperson of the year.C.Serena Williams decided to work in a sports magazine.D.Serena Williams was facing a lot of challenges.A.They challenged Serena Williams“s ethnicity.B.They followed the role model of Serena Williams.C.They raised a number of complaints.D.They warmly wel
5、comed the announcement.Questions 5 to 7 will be bused on the following news item. （分数：21.00）A.It would improve job market.B.It would cause too much inflation.C.It would damage economy.D.It would keep prices steady.A.Less than 11%.B.Above 11%.C.Less than 1%.D.Above 1%.A.The economy would react badly.
6、B.It would delay any rate increase.C.The inflation would be too serious.D.Foreign markets“ share would decrease.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation One(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.He is late for classes too often.B.He has misse
7、d too many classes.C.He has failed in the exam again.D.He is a trouble-maker at school.A.He has a part-time job.B.He often oversleeps.C.He isn“t ready for class.D.He is busy preparing exams.A.Students are going to take the final exam today.B.It“s the last day Steve can drop the class with a full ref
8、und.C.Students have to hand in their reports today.D.It“s the final day Steve can apply for a loan.A.Drop the class.B.Make up the missed lessons.C.Stop taking part-time job.D.Transfer to another school.六、Conversation Two(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just h
9、eard. （分数：28.00）A.The quality of goods and services has improved.B.Most people are reducing their consumption.C.Complaint channels are too limited.D.Many people don“t bother to complain.A.Electrical appliances.B.Travel agencies.C.Photographic and sound equipment.D.Clothing.A.They account for the lar
10、gest proportion.B.90 per cent of them are reasonable.C.Most of them are for delayed air tickets.D.Few of them are for poor accommdation.A.Two weeks.B.Less than two weeks.C.Two to three weeks.D.More than three weeks.七、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：42.50)Questions 16 to 18 are based o
11、n the passage you have just heard. （分数：42.51）A.It is an international organization.B.It only exists in poor countries.C.People always think highly of it.D.Anyone can join the group easily.A.To try to stop the war in Italy.B.To help the wounded in the battle.C.To form an international treaty.D.To aid
12、 the injured in the earthquake.A.Protecting the prisoners of war.B.Teaching first aid to the public.C.Raising money for public fund.D.Publicizing the idea of charity.九、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：58.00)Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：58.00）A.They are offered for those w
13、ith an interest in the courses.B.Employers and employees in a company are both welcome.C.People who will retire in a few years are the target students.D.Students from a normal university can attend the courses.A.Specialist speakers.B.Retired people.C.Employers.D.Senior citizens.A.They can attend any
14、 courses for free.B.They arrange discussion groups for people.C.They learn how to communicate with others.D.They want to be carpenters or craftsmen.A.It charges at a reduced rate.B.It is available every day.C.It is open to all people.D.It is provided only in the evening.十、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：43.5
15、0)Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43.50）A.They have to learn basics of English.B.They know clearly what they want to learn.C.It is good for them to learn general English skills.D.They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.A.The knowledge of teachers.B.T
16、he behaviors of students.C.The principles of schools.D.The introduction of books.A.English for doctors.B.English for lawyers.C.English for reporters.D.English for businessman.十一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.00)Think before you post. You might not be aware of how much inf
17、ormation you“re 1 . That“s the message from the founders of Please Rob Me, a website launched last week that 2 just how easy it is to rob people blind on the basis of the information they“re posting on the Web. The site uses streams of data from Foursquare, a(n) 3 popular location-based social netwo
18、rk that is based on a game-like premise (前提). Players use smart phones or laptops to “check in“ to a location, 4 their position on a map for friends using the service to see. The more often you check in, the better your chances of being declared the mayor of a 5 location, be it a restaurant, bar, of
19、fice or even your own home. The problem comes when users also post these locations to Twitter, says Boy van Amstel, one of the founders of Please Rob Me. Then the information becomes 6 available, making it possible for a robber to keep a close watch on when you say you“re in your home or not. So how
20、 can you keep yourself off Please Rob Me and, more important, keep your home out of the police notebook? A little foresight goes a long way. Sites like Foursquare and its competitors don“t post your location unless you give it to them, nor is it posted to Twitter without your 7 . It“s always up to t
21、he user to 8 what to post. Are you going to get robbed because you“re oversharing? It“s 9 . But Please Rob Me shows that sometimes a little 10 online can go a long way. A. illustrates E. decide I. typical M. means B. likely F. excessively J. increasingly N. consent C. publicly G. realize K. revealin
22、g O. recording D. particular H. caution L. unlikely（分数：35.00）十三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Low-carbon Future: We Can Afford to Go GreenA. Tackling climate change will cost consumers the earth. Those who campaign for a green revolution are out to destroy our western lifestyles. Such are the cries of op
23、ponents of emissions cuts, and their message has political impact: a number of surveys have found that the enthusiasm of voters for policies to reduce climate change falls off as the price tag increases. However, a new modelling (模型化) exercise suggests that these fears are largely unfounded. It proj
24、ects that radical cuts to the UK“s emissions will cause barely noticeable increases in the price of food, drink and most other goods by 2050. Electricity and petrol costs will rise significantly, but with the right policies in place, say the modellers, this need not lead to big changes in our lifest
25、yle. B. “These results show that the global project to fight climate change is feasible,“ says Alex Bowen, a climate policy expert at the London School of Economics. “It“s not such a big ask as people are making out.“ Although it is impossible to precisely predict prices four decades from now, the e
26、xercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact of climate change policies on UK consumers. It provides a useful rough guide to our economic future. C. Though its results speak directly to the UK consumer, previous research has come to similar conclusions for the US. In June, one
27、study found that if the US were to cut emissions by 50 per cent by 2050, prices of most consumer goods would increase by less than 5 per cent. The findings are also consistent with analyses by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change in Washington DC. “Even cutting emissions by 80 per cent over four
28、decades has a very small effect on consumers in most areas,“ says Manik Roy of the Pew Center. “The challenge is now to convince consumers and policy-makers that this is the case.“ D. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that wealthy nations cut their emissions to between 80 and
29、95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change. The UK government aims to reduce its contribution by 80 per cent and leaders of the other G8 nations have discussed following suit. To meet this goal, industries will have to cut down fossil fuel consumption
30、, and low-carbon power sources will have to massively expand. Companies will have to pay increasingly higher prices for the right to emit greenhouse gases. E. How will this affect the average citizen“s wallet? To measure the impact of the 80 per cent target on the UK population, New Scientist approa
31、ched Cambridge Econometrics, a firm known for its modelling of the European economy. The firm used historic economic data to predict the impact of emissions reductions on prices in over 40 categories of goods and services. It compared the impact of the 80 per cent cut with a baseline situation in wh
32、ich the government takes no action other than the limited emissions restrictions already in place as a result of the Kyoto protocol (京都议定书). F. Most of the price increases are a consequence of rising energy costs, in part because coal and gas are replaced by more expensive low-carbon sources. The pr
33、ice of electricity is projected to be 15 per cent higher in 2050 compared with the baseline. In today“s prices, that would add around 5 onto typical monthly household electricity bills. It will also result in higher prices elsewhere, as every industrial sector uses electricity. But electricity and o
34、ther forms of energy make up only a small part of the price of most goods. Other factorsraw materials, labour and taxesare far more important. The energy that goes into producing food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, for example, makes up just 2 per cent of the consumer price. For motor vehicle purcha
35、ses and hotel stays, the figure is 1 per cent. Only for energy-intensive industries does the contribution climb above 3 per cent. G. As a result, most products cost just a few per cent more by 2050. At current prices, going low-carbon is forecast to add around 5 pence to the price of a slice of brea
36、d or a pint of beer. The price of household appliances such as washing machines rises by a few pounds. There is one major exception to the pattern. Airlines do not currently have a low-carbon alternative to jet fuel. Unless one is found, they will bear the full burden of carbon pricing, and average
37、fares will rise by at least 140 per centraising the cost of a typical London to New York return trip from around 350 to 840. H. Achieving the overall picture of low prices does require government action. The model forecasts that by 2050 natural gas and petrol will cost 160 per cent and 32 per cent m
38、ore respectively. To avoid large price rises in home heating and road transport while still hitting the 80 per cent target, the Cambridge researchers had to build two major policies into their analysis. They assumed that future governments will provide grants to help switch all domestic heating and
39、cooking to electricity, and invest in the basic facilities needed for electric cars to almost completely replace petroleum-fuelled vehicles. Both policies have been discussed in recent UK government strategy documents, though the detail of how they would be implemented still needs further discussion
40、. Firm policies must follow if ambitious emissions cuts are going to be made, says Chris Thoung of Cambridge Econometrics. I. So is tackling climate change going to be easier than expected, in terms of consumer costs? While the Cambridge Econometrics model is widely respected and regularly used by t
41、he UK government“s climate change advisers, any attempt to forecast four decades ahead can be diverted from its intended course by unforeseen events. That leads some economists to question the model“s results. J. For example, companies could move to countries with less strict carbon regulations, poi
42、nts out Richard Tol of the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland. Incomes in the UK would fall, making goods relatively more expensive. Tol also questions whether it is reasonable to use historical prices as a basis for projecting beyond 2020. Despite this, the Cambridge Economet
43、rics results, together with other recent studies, do provide a useful guide for governments, says Michael Grubb of the University of Cambridge. They suggest that the overall challenge is conquerable, even if many of the details will only become clear in years to come.（分数：70.00）(1).Cambridge Economet
44、rics predicted the impact of emissions reductions on prices from past economic data.（分数：7.00）(2).Richard Tol points out that UK companies could find other locations with less strict carbon regulations, which would affect the future price.（分数：7.00）(3).The air fares are predicted to rise dramatically
45、because no clean energy can replace the jet fuel.（分数：7.00）(4).Some economists doubt the model“s results because the prediction may be diverted by unforeseen events.（分数：7.00）(5).As the cost of a green revolution rises, the enthusiasm of the policy-makers to lessen climate change decreases.（分数：7.00）(6
46、).The Cambridge Econometrics results provide a useful guide for policy-makers, with a suggestion that the government can conquer the challenge.（分数：7.00）(7).The two major policies built by the Cambridge researchers include the electrification of residential heating and cooking system.（分数：7.00）(8).To
47、reduce 80 per cent of the emission, the UK industries have to cut down fossil fuel consumption and use low-carbon power sources instead.（分数：7.00）(9).According to the modellers, emission cuts won“t change the lifestyle much, provided that appropriate policies are carried out.（分数：7.00）(10).A study sho
48、wed that cutting emissions by eighty per cent in the coming four decades has little effect on the price.（分数：7.00）十四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.50)Pregnancy mothers are getting a new tool to help keep themselves and their babies healthy: pregnancy tips sent directly to their c
49、ell phones. The so-called text4baby campaign is the first free, health education program in the U.S. to harness the reach of mobile phones, according to its sponsors. Organizers say texting is an effective means of delivering wellness tips because 90 percent of people in the U.S. have cell phones. “Especially if you start talking about low-income people, cell phones are the indispensable tool for reaching them and engaging them about their health,“ said Paul Meyer, president of Voxiva, a compan
