1、大学四级-186 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Be a Civic-minded Tourist. You should include in your essay tourists“ uncivil behaviors in the scenic spots and the corresponding solutions. You
2、should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Be a Civic-minded Tourist（分数：106.00）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：49.00)Questions 1 and 2 will he based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.Their death rate is too high to be neglected.B.Governments pay little
3、 attention to the issue.C.They want to win the public“s praise.D.There are little data about them to do research.A.Maternal death.B.Various types of injuries.C.Infectious disease.D.Natural disaster.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.The White House warned them no
4、t to do now.B.The panel of experts objected the proposals.C.NASA didn“t get adequate money.D.It would be too costly to do so.A.By loaning money from the state bank.B.By cooperating with private enterprises.C.By resorting to commercial banks.D.By intensifying structural adjustment.Questions 5 to 7 wi
5、ll be based on the following news item. （分数：21.00）A.LG has exposed new concept TVs.B.The market of TVs decreased.C.TV will be replaced by computers.D.LG is lagging behind in the TV competition.A.They will be sold in stores this year.B.They will be mass-produced.C.The price of them is not very high.D
6、.One of them can be rolled up like a newspaper.A.CES technology expo.B.Ultra-high definition televisions.C.Distinguishable technology.D.Creative concepts like LG“s.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation One(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.
7、00）A.Giving up smoking.B.Birth control of the family.C.Plan for seeing a doctor.D.Arrangement for breaking engagement.A.Smoking helps to lessen the pressure.B.Smoking helps him fall asleep quickly.C.He can get much happiness from smoking.D.Smoking brings more chances to make friends.A.See a doctor t
8、o get some help.B.Read books about the harm of smoking.C.Improve his self-controlling abilities.D.Receive mental health treatment.A.Smoking is the only bad habit the man should change.B.She doesn“t love the man as deep as before.C.She doesn“t want to have a baby if the man smokes.D.Maybe she will le
9、ave the man if he continues to smoke.六、Conversation Two(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.It is a house full of cleverly-designed device.B.It can help people live a much easier life.C.It is the most comfortable house available.D.It expre
10、sses the newest architectural style.A.The door will open with just a touch of the finger.B.The refrigerator can figure out how much milk to buy.C.The robot can do all the housework very efficiently.D.The house can put out a fire in a very short time.A.It can do the washing automatically.B.He can do
11、it all by himself.C.It can remind him to do it when necessary.D.He can ask the robot to do it.A.It“s too wonderful to be true.B.It“s too expensive for her.C.She considers it nothing fancy.D.She is considering buying one.七、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：57.00)Questions 16 to 19 are ba
12、sed on the passage you have just heard. （分数：57.00）A.The father alone makes the important decision.B.The mother alone makes the important decision.C.Children old enough are allowed to take part.D.Children should be seen but can“t air their view.A.Their parents don“t like to live with them.B.They need
13、 more freedom and space.C.They need to become independent.D.They have to go to universities.A.It suits the values of equality.B.It can cause serious problems.C.It does no good.D.It goes too far.A.They have not enough money.B.They have to leave home.C.They feel useless and lonely.D.They have no child
14、ren or relatives.九、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：43.50)Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43.50）A.Breaking big rocks into little onesB.Feeding his family.C.Building a cathedral.D.Doing construction works.A.Having a point.B.Having flexibility.C.Making sense.D.Being interestin
15、g.A.Most of the people want to do meaningful work.B.A majority of workers are doing meaningful work.C.Happy workers can always find a well-paid job.D.Meaningful workers are happy and better workers.十、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：43.50)Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43
16、.50）A.One can improve listening by watching movies.B.Everybody wants to improve listening nowadays.C.There is a good way to memorize vocabularies.D.One needs to work hard to improve English.A.Watch the film two more times.B.Memorize the scenes and stories.C.Listen to the film instead of watching it.
17、D.Repeat what the characters say in the film.A.Choose one“s favorite film.B.Memorize all the dialogues.C.Go to a movie theater.D.Practice with a friend.十一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.00)When Louise Brown was born on 25 July 1978, she kicked off an era. The first “test t
18、ube baby“ is a mother herself now, and she“s been joined by millions of others born with the 1 of in vitro fertilization (体外受精), or IVF. Now specialists wonder whether people who were conceived by IVF are likely to be 2 . “By and large, the kids are just fine. It“s not like the kids having 3 arms or
19、 heads,“ says Carmen Sapienza, a scientist at Temple University. But none is older than their early 30s, and the vast 4 are under the age of 20, so they haven“t had time for long-term health problems to show up. One source of worry is that so many IVF babies have low birth weight. Children-conceived
20、 through IVF are more likely to 5 less than 2.5 kilograms than are babies conceived 6 . That could spell trouble ahead, because low-birth-weight babies often have long-term health problems. They“re more likely to be obese, to have diabetes (糖尿病) or other problems. With that in mind, Sapienza and col
21、leagues have looked at genes that are likely to play a role in such health problems. They found that certain DNA-patterns, which affect how genes are 7 , are different between IVF and non-IVF children. There“s no way to tell if that“s because of the 8 used to produce the IVF babies or whether the di
22、fference has something to do with the underlying infertility problem the parents had. It“s also 9 whether these gene-expression differences will translate into health differences. But it does suggest that children conceived by IVF are 10 on some level. A. weigh E. unclear I. unique M. majority B. te
23、chnology F. naturally J. healthy N. minority C. help G. expressed K. explained O. completely D. unsure H. procedure L. extra（分数：35.00）十三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Why Money Doesn“t Buy HappinessWhat do the experts say? A. All in all, it was probably a mistake to look for the answer to the eternal que
24、stion“Does money buy happiness?“from people who practice what“s called the gloomy science. For when economists tackled the question, they started from the observation that when people put something up for sale they try to get as much for it as they can, and when people buy something they try to pay
25、as little for it as they can. Both sides in the transaction, the economists noticed, are therefore behaving as if they would be more satisfied, or happier, dare we say, if they ended up receiving more money (the seller) or holding on to more money (the buyer). Hence, more money must be better than l
26、ess, and the only way more of something can be better than less of it is if it brings you greater satisfaction. The economists“ conclusion: the more money you have, the happier you must be. B. Suicidal CEOs, miserable magnates (大资本家) and other unhappy rich folks aren“t the only ones giving the lie t
27、o this. “Psychologists have spent decades studying the relation between wealth and happiness,“ writes Harvard University psychologist Daniel Gilbert and they have generally concluded that wealth increases human happiness when it lifts people out of extreme poverty and into the middle class but that
28、it does little to increase happiness thereafter. C. That flies in the face of intuition (直觉), not to mention economic theory. According to standard economics, the most important commodity you can buy with additional wealth is choice. If you have $20 in your pocket, you can decide between steak and p
29、eanut butter for dinner, but if you have only $1 you“d better hope you already have a jar of jelly at home. Additional wealth also lets you satisfy additional needs and wants, and the more of those you satisfy the happier you are supposed to be. D. The trouble is, choice is not all it“s cracked up t
30、o be. Studies show that people like selecting from among maybe half a dozen kinds of food at the grocery store but find 27 choices overwhelming, leaving them habitually on edge that they could have chosen a better one than they did. And wants, which are nice to be able to afford, have a bad habit of
31、 becoming needs. Satisfying needs brings less emotional well-being than satisfying wants. What do the common people say? E. The nonlinear (非线性的) nature of how much happiness money can buy comes through clearly in global surveys that ask people how satisfied they feel with their lives. In a typical s
32、urvey people are asked to rank their sense of well-being or happiness on a scale of 1 to 7, where 1 means “not at all satisfied with my life“ and 7 means “completely satisfied.“ Of the American multimillionaires who responded, the average happiness score was 5.8. Homeless people in Calcutta came in
33、at 2.9. But before you assume that money does buy happiness after all, consider who else rated themselves around 5.8: the Inuit of northern Greenland, who do not exactly lead a life of luxury, and the cattle-herding Masai of Kenya, whose huts have no electricity or running water. And proving Gilbert
34、“s point about money buying happiness only when it lifts you out of extreme poverty, slum dwellers in Calcuttaone economic rung above the homelessrate themselves at 4.6. F. Studies tracking changes in a population“s reported level of happiness over time have also dealt a death blow to the money-buys
35、-happiness claim. Since World War the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has tripled in the United States. But people“s sense of well-being has barely been altered. Japan has had an even more dramatic rise in GDP per capita since its postwar misery, but measures of national happiness have been
36、flat, as they have also been in Western Europe during its long post-war boom, according to social psychologist Ruut Veenhoven. An analysis of more than 150 studies on wealth and happiness concluded that “economic indicators have obvious shortcomings“ as approximations of well-being across nations. G
37、. That“s partly because in an expanding economy, in which former luxuries such as washing machines become necessities, the newly well-off people don“t feel the same joy in having a machine do the laundry that their grandparents, suddenly freed from washboards, did. They just take the machines for gr
38、anted. Another reason is that an expanding paycheck, especially in an expanding economy, produces expanding aspirations and a sense that there is always one more cool thing out there that you absolutely have to have. If money doesn“t buy happiness, what does? H. Grandma was right when she told you t
39、o value health and friends, not money and stuff. Researchers add fulfillment, a sense that life has meaning, belonging to civil and other groups, and living in a democracy that respects individual rights and the rule of law. If a nation wants to increase its population“s sense of well-being, says Ve
40、enhoven, it should make “less investment in economic growth and more in policies that promote good governance, liberties, democracy, trust and public safety.“ I. Curiously, although money doesn“t buy happiness, happiness can buy money. Young people who describe themselves as happy typically earn hig
41、her incomes, years later, than those who said they were unhappy. It seems that a sense of well-being can make you more productive and more likely to show initiative and other traits that lead to a higher income. Contented (知足的) people are also more likely to marry and stay married, as well as to be
42、healthy, both of which increase happiness. J. If more money doesn“t buy more happiness, then the behavior of most Americans looks downright insane, as we work harder and longer, decade after decade. But what is insane for an individual is crucial for a national economythat is, ever more growth and c
43、onsumption. Gilbert again: “Economies can blossom and grow only if people are deceived into believing that the production of wealth will make them happy. Economies thrive when individuals strive, but because individuals will strive only for their own happiness, it is essential that they mistakenly b
44、elieve that producing and consuming are routes to personal well-being.“ In other words, if you want to do your part for your country“s economy, forget all of the above about money not buying happiness.（分数：70.00）(1).Based on standard economics, additional wealth can provide more options.（分数：7.00）(2).
45、According to Veenhoven, a nation can increase its population“s sense of well-being by making more effort to promote good governance.（分数：7.00）(3).Most American work harder and longer for decades because they believe more money buys more happiness.（分数：7.00）(4).Global surveys prove Gilbert“s point that
46、 money increases happiness only when it relieves the utmost poverty.（分数：7.00）(5).According to the economists, more money buys more happiness.（分数：7.00）(6).It is necessary for people to believe producing and consuming are routes to personal well-being for a thriving economy.（分数：7.00）(7).Initiative tha
47、t leads to a higher income is usually motivated by a sense of well-being.（分数：7.00）(8).Some unhappy rich folks, like suicidal CEOs, show richness does not necessarily make people happy.（分数：7.00）(9).In an expanding economy, the former luxuries are taken for granted by the new generation.（分数：7.00）(10).
48、Too many choices may be negative in that people may regret about what they bought.（分数：7.00）十四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.50)We may all like to consider ourselves free spirits. But a study of the traces left by 50,000 cellphone users over three months has conclusively proved t
49、hat the truth is otherwise. “We are all in one way or another boring,“ says Albert-Lszl Barabsi at the Center for Complex Network Research at Northeastern University in Boston, who co-wrote the study. “Spontaneous individuals are largely absent from the population.“ Barabsi and colleagues used three months“ worth of data from a cellphone network to track the cellphone towers each person“s phone connected to each hour of the day, revealing their approximate location. They conclude that rega
