1、大学四级-1645 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.随着私家车越来越多，人们开始选择自驾游的方式外出旅行；2自驾游的利与弊；3我的观点The Popularity of Self-Drive Tourism（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Happiness and SadnessHappiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feeling for human beings. Rece
2、ntly, people have achieved further understanding about them.HappinessUniversity of Illinois, psychologist Ed Diener, who has studied happiness for a quarter century, was in Scotland,-recently, explaining to members of Parliament and business leaders the value of increasing traditional measures of a
3、countrys wealth with a national index of happiness. Such an index would measure policies known to increase peoples sense of well-being, such as democratic freedoms, access to health care and the rule of law.Eric Wilson tried to get with the program. Urged on by friends, he bought books on how to bec
4、ome happier. He made every effort to smooth out his habitual worried look and wear a sunny smile, since a happy expression can lead to genuinely happy feelings. Wilson, a professor of English at Wake Forest University, took up jogging, reputed to boost the brains supply of joyful neuro-chemicals, an
5、d began his conversations with “great!“ and “wonderful!“, the better to exercise his capacity for enthusiasm.However, some scientists are releasing the most-extensive-ever study comparing moderate and extreme levels of happiness, and finding that being happier is not always better. In surveys of 118
6、 519 people from 96 countries, scientists examined how various levels of subjective well-being matched up with income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships. They also analyzed how different levels of happiness, as reported by college students, correlated w
7、ith various outcomes. Even allowing for imprecision in peoples self-reported sense of well-being, the results were unambiguous. The highest levels of happiness go along with the most stable, longest and most contented relationships. That is, even a little discontent with your partner can cause you t
8、o look around for someone better, until you are at best a serial monogamist and at worst never in a loving, stable relationship.Nevertheless, “once a moderate level of happiness is achieved, further increases can sometimes be harmful to income, career success, education and political participation“,
9、 Diener and colleagues write in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. On a scale from 1 to 10, where 10s is extremely happy, 8s is more successful than 9s and 10s, getting more education and earning more. That probably reflects the fact that people who are somewhat discontent, but not s
10、o depressed as to be paralyzed, are more motivated to improve both their own lot (thus driving themselves to acquire more education and seek ever-more-challenging jobs) and the lot of their community (causing them to participate more in civic and political life). In contrast, people at the top of th
11、e jolliness charts feel no such urgency. “If youre totally satisfied with your life and with how things are going in the world,“ says Diener, “you dont feel very motivated to work for change. Be wary when people tell you that you should be happier.“SandnessThe drawbacks of constant, extreme happines
12、s should not be surprising, since negative emotions evolved for a reason. Fear tips us off to the presence of danger, for instance. Sadness, too, seems to be part of our biological inheritance. Wilson argues that only by experiencing sadness can we experience the fullness of the human condition. He
13、also asserts that “the happy man is a hollow man,“ but he is hardly the first scholar to see melancholia (精神忧郁症) as inspiration. A classical Greek text, possibly written by Aristotle, asks, “Why is it that all those who have become outstanding in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts are clea
14、rly melancholic?“ Wilsons answer is that “the blues can be a catalyst (催化剂) for a special kind of genius, a genius for exploring dark boundaries between opposites.“ The ever-restless, the chronically discontent, are dissatisfied with the status quo, be it in art or literature or politics.For all the
15、ir familiarity, these arguments are nevertheless being crushed by the happiness movement. Last August, the novelist Mary Gordon lamented to The New York Times that “among writers. what is absolutely not allowable is sadness. People will do anything rather than to acknowledge that they are sad.“ And,
16、 Jess Decourcy Hinds, an English teacher, recounted how, after her father died, friends pressed her to distract herself from her profound sadness and sense of loss. “Why dont people accept that after a parents death, there will be years of grief?“ she wrote. “Everyone wants mourners to snap out of i
17、t because observing anothers distress isnt easy.“Its hard to say exactly when ordinary Americans. no less than psychiatrists (精神病学家), began insisting that sadness is pathological (病态的). But by the end of the millennium that attitude was well established. In 1999. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman w
18、as revived on Broadway 50 years after its premiere. A reporter asked two psychiatrists to read the script. Their diagnosis: Willy Loman was suffering from clinical depression, a pathological condition that could and should be treated with drugs. Miller was appalled. “Loman is not a depressive,“ he t
19、old The New York Times. “He is weighed clown by life. There are social reasons for why he is where he is.“ What society once viewed as an appropriate reaction to failed hopes and dashed dreams, it now regards as a psychiatric illness.As NYUs Wakefield and Allan Horwitz of Rutgers University point ou
20、t in The Loss of Sadness, this message has its roots in the bible of mental illness. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its definition of a “major depressive episode“ is remarkably broad. You must experience five not-uncommon symptoms, such as insomnia (失眠), difficulty concen
21、trating and feeling sad or empty, for two weeks; the symptoms must cause distress or impairment, and they cannot be due to the death of a loved one. Anyone meeting these criteria is supposed to be treated.When someone is appropriately sad, friends and colleagues offer support and sympathy. But by la
22、beling appropriate sadness pathological, “we have attached a stigma to being sad,“ says Wakefield, “with the result that depression tends to elicit hostility and rejection“ with an undercurrent of“ Get over it; take a pill. The normal range of human emotion is not being tolerated.“ “We dont know how
23、 drugs react with normal sadness and its functions, such as reconstituting your life out of the pain,“ says Wakefield. Those psychiatrists also express doubts to medicalise the sadness.（分数：70.00）(1).According to Ed Diener, which of the following can be measured by the index of happiness?（分数：7.00）A.T
24、he standard of morality.B.The freedom of speech.C.The sense of well-being.D.The access to health care.(2).In order to be happy, Wilson tried many ways such us _.（分数：7.00）A.borrowing books on how to become happierB.trying to keep a sunny smileC.starting his conversations with “Hello!“D.trying to have
25、 a good rest(3).Who have the highest level of happiness according to the survey in 96 countries?（分数：7.00）A.People with the most wealth.B.People with the best health.C.People with the highest position.D.People with the most stable relationship.(4).According to Dieners statements in Perspectives on Ps
26、ychological Science, the person with the moderate level of happiness will get _.（分数：7.00）A.more educationB.moderate successC.less earningD.more reputation(5).According to Diener, why do those people with the highest level of happiness have less motivation to move ahead?（分数：7.00）A.Because they have s
27、pent all their time pursuing the happiness.B.Because they dont allow their work to affect their feeling of happiness.C.Because they are too satisfied with happiness they have owned.D.Because they do not like people to tell them to be happier.(6).Which of the following is the possible answer to the q
28、uestions set by Aristotle in Wilsons opinion?（分数：7.00）A.The sadness can make one be stronger.B.The sadness can make one be intelligent.C.The sadness can force one to think more deeply.D.The sadness can make one more depressed.(7).After the death of her father, friends of Jess Hinds tried to help her
29、 out of _.（分数：7.00）A.working pressureB.emotional troubleC.economic pressureD.marriage problem(8).Willy, the character in Death of a Salesman, was diagnosed by two psychiatrists to get suffering from _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).One experiencing a “major depressive episode“ has to experience five not-uncomm
30、on symptoms for a period of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).When someone is not in good mood, his friends should give him _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.It will be very far.B.It
31、will take place as planned.C.It was canceled on Saturday.D.The arrangements are uncertain so far.A.She painted it by herself.B.She hired her brother to paint it.C.It needs to be painted.D.It isnt beautifully painted.A.She was slimmer then.B.She was 140 pounds then.C.She was 160 pounds then.D.She was
32、 in very good figure then,A.The audience helped the pianist.B.The audience shook the pianists hand.C.The audience disliked the pianists performance.D.The audience applauded the pianists performance.A.She feels fine.B.She feels sick.C.She feels better.D.She feels tired.A.The students took a physical
33、test that afternoon.B.The students had to take part in the physical labor.C.The teacher put off the physical labor,D.There wont be a physical test this afternoon.A.Sing the song for his friends first.B.Continue to practice the song for a week.C.Pretend that he is performing for his friends.D.Join in
34、 the acting group to make a few friends.A.The woman will arrive at the station in ten minutes.B.The woman has fifteen minutes to get to the station.C.The man thinks he will be able to reach the station in ten minutes.D.The man thinks he will not be able to get to the station on time.Questions 19 to
35、21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Before finishing school.B.After finishing university.C.During her university course.D.Between school and university.A.International childrens projects.B.Social and environmental projects.C.Projects for people with no money.D.Projects i
36、nvolving sports and languages.A.Mainly from London.B.Mainly from England.C.From different countries.D.From charity organizations.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.People in developing countries.B.People living in poor conditions.C.People in the 1950s.D.
37、People in New York.A.12 million.B.8.1 million.C.14 million.D.26 million.A.Health care.B.Housing problem.C.Transportation problem.D.Educational problem.A.Tokyo in Japan.B.Beijing in China.C.Shanghai in China.D.Seoul in South Korea.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on
38、the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.People dont often eat English food.B.People dont like English food.C.People who travel to Britain cat English food in English home.D.People who travel to Britain dont know much about English food.A.The speaker thinks that we live to eat, but not eat to liv
39、e.B.The speaker doesnt think that we should eat when living.C.The speaker thinks that we eat to live, but not live to cat.D.The speaker thinks that we cat to live and live to cat.A.The criticism of English food by visitors is unfair.B.It is impossible to find good English food in large towns.C.As we
40、ll as food people also travel to Britain for shopping and sightseeing.D.If people complain about English food, they will get better food.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Red Cross workers are in many countries.B.Red Cross only exists in the Unite
41、d States.C.Red Cross is another name for world hospital.D.Many people who are in need work in Red Cross.A.Supplying blood for people who need.B.Providing a number of services for the public.C.Helping the sick and wounded during the war.D.Aiding people who were injured in an earthquake.A.In 1875.B.In
42、 1895.C.In 1881.D.In 1818.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The workers on the underground platforms were replaced by machines.B.It became the first completely automatic railway in the world.C.A completely automatic line was added to its network
43、.D.Its trains became computer-controlled.A.A platform worker.B.A computer.C.The command spot.D.A machine.A.To drive the train after it is started automatically.B.To start the train and to drive it when necessary.C.To take care of the passengers on the train.D.To send commanding signals to the comman
44、d spot.A.It will stop automatically.B.It will move on at the same speed.C.It will gradually slow down.D.It will keep a safe distance from the other trains.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Scientists in India have discovered a way to make bamboo plants produce flowers in laboratory. The British (36) Nature
45、 recently reported the (37) event. In the wild it can take as long as one hundred and twenty years for some kinds of bamboo to flower, and after the plant (38) its seeds it dies. The bamboo plant is used in many different ways. But because it takes so long to produce seeds, scientists never (39) it
46、a traditional farm crop. The recent (40) in India may change that. The (41) was done at the National Chemical Laboratory in India. Three scientists cut two hundred pieces from two different kinds of bamboo plants; each was a few (42) long. The tiny cuttings were placed in the (43) of coconuts milk,
47、plant-growth hormone and other nutrients. Just a few weeks later, flowers began to appear. (44) . Two weeks after that the plants began to produce seeds. (45) . One of them had not put the bamboo seeds in soil, but he believes they will produce plants. The Indian scientists now are planning experime
48、nts to see (46) . Bamboo reproduces in two ways. It flowers and produces seeds. It also produces new growth from its roots. Bamboo plants growing from its roots are called ZhuSun in China. Bamboo shoots are dug up and replanted in the field. Farmers harvest the leaves. They feed them to their animals.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Although the enjoyment of color is universal and
