1、大学四级-1640 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 世界上有许多桥，人与人之间也有一座桥。2. 人与人之间的桥很重要3. 如何维护好这座桥（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)SharksSharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed. They live in waters all over the world, in
2、every ocean, and even in some rivers and lakes.Sharks and bony fishUnlike bony fish, sharks have no bones; their skeleton is made of cartilage (软骨), which is a tough, fibrous substance, not nearly as hard as bone. Cartilage, a strong fibrous (纤维的) substance, is softer than bone; our nose and ears ar
3、e made of cartilage. Sharks also have no swim bladder (unlike bony fish).SizeThere are many different species of sharks that range in size from the size of a persons hand to bigger than a bus. The Whale shark is the largest fish in the world; the basking shark is the second largest fish. Fully-grown
4、 sharks range in size from 7 inches long (the Spined Pygmy shark), up to 50 feet long. Most sharks are intermediate in size, and are about the same size as people, 5-7 feet long. Half of the shark species are under 39 inches long.Variety of sharksThere are about 368 different species of sharks, whic
5、h are divided into 30 families. These different families of sharks are very different in the way look, live, and eat. They have different shapes, sizes, color, fins, teeth, habitat, diet, personality, method of reproduction, and other attributes. Some types of shark are very. rare and some are quite
6、 common. The spiny dogfish shark is the most common shark.Body shapesSharks have a variety of body shapes. Most sharks have streamlined (流线型的), Some sharks have an elongated body shape (e. g., cookiecutter sharks and wobbegongs). Sawsharks have elongated snouts, thresher sharks have a tremendously e
7、longated upper tail fin which they use to stun prey, and hammerheads have extraordinarily wide heads. The goblin shark has a large, pointed protuberance (突出) on its head; its purpose is unknown.TeethThe teeth of sharks are also striking. Sharks may have up to 3,000 teeth at one time. Most sharks do
8、not chew their food, but swallow it down whole or in large pieces. The teeth are arranged in rows; when one tooth is damaged or lost, it is replaced by another. Most sharks have about 5 rows of teeth at any time. The front set is the largest and does most of the wok.DietSharks vary greatly in their
9、diets, but they are all carnivores (食肉动物). Some eat fish, other sharks, and marine mammals; some eat shellfish from the ocean floor; and others eat tiny bits of plankton (浮游动物) and small animals from the water as they swim with open mouths. They eat huge amounts of these tiny animals and plants.Shar
10、ks attacksWhen some sharks (like the Great White or the Gray Reef shark) turn aggressive prior to an attack, they arch their back and throw back their head. They also move their tail more acutely (probably in preparation for a chase).Sharks do not normally attack people, and only about 25 species of
11、 sharks are known to attack people. Sharks attack fewer than 100 people each year. Many more people are killed by bees or lightning.The sharks that are the most dangerous to people are the great white shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the oceanic white tip shark. The bull shark is the most
12、 frequent attacker of people as it swims in very shallow waters where people swim and is a very plentiful shark. Some of the other sharks that are known to have attacked people include the gray shark, blue shark, hammerhead shark, mako shark, nurse shark, lemon shark, blacktip reef shark, wobbegongs
13、, sandtiger, spitting sharks, and the porbeagle. Some people believe that sharks mistake people (especially people swimming on surf boards) for seals and sea lions, some of their favorite foods.Occasionally, a group of sharks will attack a food source (for example, a school of fish) in a maniacal fa
14、shion. They will wildly attack the food and anything in the area, even each other, sometimes wounding or eating fellow sharks.HabitatSharks live in oceans and seas all over the world, and even in some rivers and lakes, especially in warmer waters. Some sharks live near the surface, some live deep in
15、 the water, and others live on or near the ocean floor. Pelagic (远洋的) sharks (living in the open ocean) include the great white shark, the basking shark, etc. Benthic sharks (living at the ocean floor) include the zebra horn shark, the wohhegongs, and the angelshark, which usually have flattened, ca
16、mouflaged (伪装的) bodies that let them hide in the sea bed. Some sharks even venture many miles up into the fresh water of rivers like the Mississippi in the USA and the Arhazon in Brazil. The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) sometimes ventures into fresh water.Migration of sharksSome sharks live in r
17、elatively warm waters (hammerheads, bull sharks, and tiger sharks). Other sharks, such as the thresher, mako, basking and blue shark, live in temperate water (which is neither hot nor cold). Others, including the dogfish, Greenland, and goblin, live in cool waters. Some sharks stay in the same regio
18、n in their entire lives While others travel across oceans. There are three different types of sharks when it comes to migratory (迁移的) patterns: local sharks, coastal pelagic sharks, and highly pelagic sharks. Local sharks do not migrate, and range only about a hundred miles from their habitat, coast
19、al pelagic sharks can migrate over 1,000 miles, while highly pelagic sharks migrate across oceans.Evolution of sharksSharks have existed for over 350 million years. They evolved over 100 million years before the dinosaurs did. This was long before people evolved. Most fossil evidence of early sharks
20、 is from fossilized teeth and a few skin impressions. Cladodonts, primitive sharks, had double-pointed teeth, were up to 6 feet long lived about 360 million years ago; they ate fish and crustaceans (甲壳类).Megalodon was an ancient, meat-eating shark, living between 25-1.6 million years ago; it is exti
21、nct. It was over 40 feet long, but this is only an estimate from fossil teeth that have been found. Its teeth resemble those of the great white shark but are almost 3 times larger; these teeth are each the size of a persons hand!（分数：70.00）(1).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：7.00）A.The passa
22、ge tells us the habitat and migration of sharks.B.The passage tells us why sharks are dangerous to people.C.The passage introduces the evolutional process of sharks.D.The passage introduces the basic information about sharks.(2).Different from most fish, sharks body is upheld by _.（分数：7.00）A.bonesB.
23、cartilageC.fiberD.skeleton(3).Which of the following description about the size of sharks is TRUE?（分数：7.00）A.Most sharks are about the same size as human beings.B.Sharks are the largest fish, most of them are bigger than buses.C.Most sharks are much longer than human beings.D.Sharks are big animals,
24、 most of them are about 50 feet long.(4).Which of he following sharks is the most common shark?（分数：7.00）A.The whale shark.B.The spiny dogfish shark.C.The basking shark.D.The great white shark.(5).Sharks eat their food by _?（分数：7.00）A.SuckingB.swallowingC.grindingD.chewing(6).When sharks quickly move
25、 their tail, they probably become _.（分数：7.00）A.offensiveB.indifferentC.interestedD.friendly(7).Why may the bull sharks attack people frequently?（分数：7.00）A.Because human being is their favorite food.B.Because they may wildly attack anything in the area.C.Because they swims in shallow waters where peo
26、ple swim.D.Because they are very aggressive sharks.(8).The sharks that move about in a fixed area about a hundred miles are called _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The earliest dinosaurs lived in the time that was about _ years from today according to the passage.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Cladodonts and primitive s
27、harks, which had double-pointed teeth mainly feed on _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.He doesnt pay attention to peoples words.B.He knows the woman better by now.C.There i
28、s something wrong with his ear.D.He takes things for granted.A.Sell his boots.B.Buy some books.C.Buy a pair of boots.D.Wear his boots.A.The bike is too old.B.The tires are not so good.C.The tires are broken.D.The bike is worthwhile.A.He received a shirt from her aunt.B.He expected his aunt give him
29、a watch for Christmas.C.He received a nice watch but he didnt like it.D.He wanted a shirt but received a watch.A.The jam must be in the cabinet.B.The man shouldnt jump to conclusion so quickly.C.Sarah must have taken it home.D.The man can jump and get the jam.A.Go to the professors house.B.Ask the m
30、an to contact the professor.C.Ask the professor when she will be available.D.Call the professor when he is in office.A.He agrees with the woman about the weather.B.He doesnt agree with the woman about the weather.C.He doesnt understand what the woman said.D.He asks the woman to repeat.A.66 dollars.B
31、.32 dollars.C.60 dollars.D.50 dollars.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He disliked the topic of the lecture.B.He didnt want to go to the lecture.C.He thought the professor was not famous.D.He wasnt present at the lecture.A.The Arctic land.B.Iceberg.C.A
32、ctive volcano.D.Ice age.A.The active volcanoes in the Antarctic.B.The icebergs and volcanoes around the world.C.How to prevent the eruption of volcanoes.D.Volcano can protect ice sheet from melting.Questions 22 to 25 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Professor Smith is he
33、r uncle.B.He is Professor Jamisons assistant.C.She used to do the job herself.D.She has just applied for the job.A.It was not so satisfying.B.Its very good.C.Its much less than working at post office.D.Different people will get different pays.A.He wonders if he has enough time for the job.B.He is af
34、raid he cant get the salary in time.C.He is afraid that the job may be not so interesting.D.He thinks Professor Jamison is not a kind person.A.Correcting students exercises.B.Researching in the laboratory.C.Assisting teaching.D.Grading homework sets.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26
35、 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Nine times.B.Five times.C.Six times.D.Twice.A.Last year.B.This month.C.A year later.D.Next springA.He doesnt think it is interesting.B.He doesnt think it is more difficult than Marathon.C.He thinks it is much easier than F1-Race.D.He th
36、inks it is the most difficult sporting event.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.In 1816.B.In the middle of 1800s.C.In 1861.D.In 1865.A.Different political power in the House of Representative.B.The fact that the North had more political power in th
37、e Senate;C.Slavery.D.Tariffs.A.Because they needed more people to work on the farm.B.Because they thought slavers life so miserable.C.Because they wanted to the slavers lead a free life.D.Because their pillar economy asked for more labor forces.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passag
38、e you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Eye contact is very important in relationships.B.Direct eye contact should be avoided.C.The less eye contact, the worse.D.More eye contact can improve relationships.A.To show shyness.B.To show scorn.C.To show efficiency.D.To show respect.A.Show no eye contactB.Stare
39、 at his faceC.Keep eye contact.D.Look at his ear.A.The Italy.B.The British.C.The Arabian.D.The American.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Okay. You remember that Ive mentioned that its important to read the (36) poems aloud, so you can develop an appreciation of the sounds of the poetry: the rhymes, the (3
40、7) , the repetition of words or sounds, and to get a sense of the interplay between the sounds of the words and their meaning.This is really (38) as we move into modern poetry, especially by writers who place so much importance on sounds that the meaning becomes all letter-relevant. Like this line b
41、y Gertrude Stein that Id like to (39) . Listen as I say the words. “Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.“ (40) literally, this would seem to be an empty statement, one which gives us no information. But the purpose of a poem need not be to inform the reader of anything, but rather to evoke feelings.
42、To create a sensual as well as phonically (41) experience. Now Gertrude Stein was better known for her prose than for her poems. But Id like to quote this line, because of its musicality, and because I think it helps open up our (42) to the unconventional style of (43) poets. Youll see this in your
43、homework tonight as you read the poetry of John Ashbery, (44) , which I recommend you do. Poets like Ashbery dont rely so much on any formal rhyme scheme or meter as on the musical quality of the individual words themselves. As I said, (45) . And now Id like to touch briefly on her essay entitled “C
44、onvention and Explanation“. (46) （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)There are much discussion about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material we
45、alth may have been (47) . Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good (48) , we may be producing too much, too fast.Those who (49) economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth
46、. These include the (50) supply of natural resources, the possible (51) effects of industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the worlds population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will (52) People who want mor
47、e economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These (53) of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only con
48、tinued growth can provide the (54) resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of (55) importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be (56) . To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue to discuss them with one another. A) exclusiveI) negative B) proponentsJ
