1、大学四级-1634 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前，越来越多的大学生本科毕业之后选择继续进入研究生院学习。一个重要的原因是工作不太好找。那么你打算在大学毕业之后选择找工作还是准备继续上研究生呢?请就这个问题谈谈你的打算和主要原因。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Why We LaughWe start finding things laughable or not laughable early in life. An infant fi
2、rst smiles at approximately eight days of age. Many psychologists assume this is his first sign of simple pleasure food, warmth and comfort. At six months or less, the infant laughs to express complex pleasuressuch as the light of Mothers smiling face.Between the ages of six months and one year, the
3、 baby learns to laugh for essentially the same reasons he will laugh throughout his life, says Dr. Jacob Levine, associate professor of psychology at Yale University. Dr. Levine says that people laugh to express mastery over an anxiety. Picture what happens when a father throws his child into the ai
4、r. The child will probably laughbut not the first time. In spite of his enjoyment of “flying“, he is too anxious to laugh. How does he know Daddy will catch him? Once the child realizes he will be caught, he is free to enjoy the game. But more importantly, says Dr. Levine, the child laughs because h
5、e has mastered an anxiety.Adult laughter is more subtle, but we also laugh at what we used to fear. The feeling of achievement, or lack of it, remains a crucial factor. Giving a first dinner party is an anxious event for a new bride. Will the food be good? Will the guests get along? Will she be a go
6、od hostess? Will the knives and forks, cups and saucers be all right? All goes well; the party is over. Now she laughs freely. Her pleasure from having proved her success is the foundation for her pleasure in recalling the evening activities. She couldnt enjoy the second pleasure without the first,
7、more important oneher mastery of anxiety.Laughter is a social response triggered by cues. Scientists have not determined a brain center for laughter, and they are perplexed by patients with certain types of brain damage who go into laughing fits for no apparent reason. The rest of us require company
8、, and a reason to laugh.When we find ourselves alone in a humorous situation, our usual response is to smile. Isnt it hue that our highest compliment to a humorous book is to say that “it made me laugh out of loud“? Of course, we do occasionally laugh alone; but when we do, we are, in a sense, socia
9、lizing with ourselves. We laugh at a memory, or at a part of ourselves.Of course, we dont always need a joke to make us laugh. People who survive frightening situations, such as a fire or an emergency plane landing, frequently relate their story of the crisis with laughter. Part of the laughter expr
10、ess relief that everything is now all right. During a crisis, definitely, everyone mobilizes energy to deal with the potential problem. If the danger is avoided, we need to release that energy. Some people cry; others laugh.When we are made the target of a joke, either on a personal or impersonal le
11、vel, we are emotionally involved in it. Consequently, we wont be able to laugh.Knowing that laughter blunts emotion, we can better understand why we sometimes laugh when nothing is funny. We laugh during moments of anxiety because we feel no mastery over the situation, claims Dr. Levine. He explains
12、, “very often compulsive laughter is a learned response. If we laugh, it expresses good feelings and the fact that we are able to cope. When were in a situation in which we cant cope, we laugh to reassure ourselves that we can!“How often have we laughed at a funeral or upon hearing bad news? We laug
13、h to deny an unendurable reality until we are strong enough to accept it. Laughter also breaks our tension. However, we may also be laughing to express relief that the tragedy didnt happen to us. We laugh before giving a big party, before delivering a speech, or while getting a traffic ticket, to sa
14、y, “This isnt bothering me. See? I am laughing.“But if we sometimes laugh in sorrow, more often we laugh with joy. Laughter creates and strengthens our social bonds. And the ability to share a laugh has guided many marriages through hard periods of adjustment.How could we manage a life with the abse
15、nce of laugh? According to Dr. Levine, we can measure our adjustment to the world by our capacity to laugh. When we are secure about our abilities, we can laugh at the defects of our own character. If we can laugh through our anxieties, we will not be overpowered by them.The ability to laugh starts
16、early, but it takes a lifetime to perfect. Says Dr. Grotjahn, “when social relationships are mastered, when the individual has mastered.a peaceful relationship with himself, then he has.the sense of humor.“ And then he can throw back his head and laugh.Both infants and adults laugh for the same reas
17、ons.（分数：70.00）(1).Giving your first dinner party is a source of laughter.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The cues that trigger laughter have been studied by scientists.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Ordinary people laugh a lot when they are alone.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).If you escape from a dangerous situation you might cry.（
18、分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).When someone makes a joke about us we are able to share to joke.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Funerals are a good source of jokes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).It takes a lifetime to perfect the ability to laugh.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Laughter is a defense mechanism when reality is too hard or if we hea
19、r_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).A child of one and an old man laugh to show their_of anxiety.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Laughter is a social glue that_our relations.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分
20、数：56.00）A.They are a happy couple.B.They axe tiresome.C.They are bad-tempered.D.They are very good people.A.The woman will take the test.B.The woman will not take the test.C.The woman will take a delayed test.D.The test has been canceled.A.$5.00.B.$4.00.C.$6.00.D.$3.00.A.Computer science.B.Physics.C
21、.Chemistry.D.Mathematics.A.How to solve problems.B.Someone whom they can rely on.C.Someone who will listen to them.D.What a real friend should be.A.Be interviewed for work.B.Buy a birthday present.C.Go to Marys birthday party.D.Go to Marys wedding ceremony.A.Take another magazine.B.Take the time to
22、read.C.Take a dictionary.D.Take the desk away.A.His student.B.His colleague.C.His partner.D.His boss.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.At a restaurant.B.In a shopping mall.C.In a library.D.In a classroom.A.Literature.B.Philosophy.C.Sociology.D.History.A
23、.It hasnt been bought by the librarian.B.It has been taken by a student.C.It has been lent out.D.It has been placed on reserve.A.Only one hour.B.Some hours.C.One week.D.Two weeks.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Janes colleage.B.Janes landlord.C.Janes
24、student.D.Janes neighbor.A.One year.B.Seven years.C.Four years.D.Six years.A.Japan.B.Cambodia.C.Vietnam.D.China.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Newspaper and magazines.B.Radio and television.C.Computers.D.All of the ab
25、ove.A.Editorials.B.Entertainment supplements.C.Weather reports.D.Local, regional, and international news.A.To inform.B.To entertain.C.Both.D.Neither.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Differences and similarities between two cultures.B.American cul
26、ture.C.Japanese culture.D.The integration of two cultures.A.Ancient.B.Complexity.C.Individualistic.D.Homogeneous population.A.Their comprehensiveness.B.Their complexity.C.Their abstruseness.D.Their openness.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.An u
27、nusual school.B.A strange educational approach.C.An unusual person.D.Why a specific school was established.A.Children should be held responsible for their own actions.B.Children should be given as much freedom as possible.C.Children should be treated with respect.D.Children should be treated equally
28、 as adults.A.They can stay away as they want.B.They will be punished severely.C.They will be sent back home.D.They will be denied further education.A.School administrative meeting.B.Students representative meetings.C.Meetings of the board.D.Through a weekly meeting consists of all the pupils and sta
29、ffs.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)I love traveling by train. Fast (36) slow local trains which stops at every station, (37) trains taking business men to their offices and home again; 1 enjoy them all. It must be the element of romance that (38) to me. There is no romance in a car on a motorwaya box of
30、 metal and rubber on a strip of (39) or in flying through the air in a pressurized tube from one (40) plastic and glass airport to another. But trains are different. You can walk around, look at the (41) observe your fellow (42) . In a plane, all you can see are the clouds and the backs of other peo
31、ples head.Yes, traveling by train is still an (43) , even in England. You try to interpret the timetable, persuade the booking-office clerk to sell you a ticket and (44) Then theres that delightful uncertainty as (45) .Abroad, of course, its even more exciting, particularly in those countries which
32、forget to put names on their railway stations. Not only are you never certain you are on the right train, (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of S
33、teel, built the steel industry in the United States. And in this process, he became one of the (47) men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of (48) during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing the
34、ir (49) .Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their (50) for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, (51) instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to (52) themselves.Among his more
35、(53) contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is (54) part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic gifts
36、are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to (55) understanding between nations, and the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research.There are (56) Americans who have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegies generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars est
37、ablished 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today. A) preferringI) noteworthy B) presentlyJ) promote C) wealthiest K) help D) previously L) shrinking E) few M) opting F) investments N) obstruct G) fortune
38、O) many H) expanding（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)Examinations have a longer history in China than in any other country, yet it is today an issue around in which controversy flourishes. At each s
39、tage of their school lives children are faced with exams: exams to enter junior middle school, senior middle school, vocational school, colleges and universities. As a result of having constantly to think of these hurdles facing them children find themselves under constant pressure, unable to take t
40、ime off from studying exam-oriented subjects to relax with friends or to develop other interests. Within school the concentration on exam success leads to the neglect of courses which are not central to the examinations and a method of teaching and learning which emphasizes training the ability to d
41、o well in tests but neglects developing the ability to think creatively.Despite such criticisms the examination system still has its defenders. Without it, they argue, how can we test students abilities and evaluate the effectiveness of teachers and schools? They believe that they provide the only o
42、bjective way of selecting students and reduce the exercise of unfair back-door practices to gain advantage for children on the basis of influence or corruption. Examinations are also felt to offer the impetus to students to master their subject in a way in which they otherwise might not. “While too
43、much anxiety can be a bad thing, a little anxiety can stimulate students to learn better than if left without any test to pass,“ says Li Jie, a leading advocate of the value of testing. “I can remember things now which give me great pleasure which I doubt I would have learned at the time if I had no
44、t had to do so for the examinations./（分数：44.50）(1).Which of the following statements about examinations in China is correct?（分数：8.90）A.People can make money out of examinations.B.Only students of today have to take examinations.C.Students have to learn more about history than about any other subject
45、s.D.People have different opinions concerning the value of examinations.(2).What is a possible result if students pay too much attention to examinations?（分数：8.90）A.Students neglect those exam-oriented subjects.B.Students are unable to relax with friends or to develop other interests.C.Teachers negle
46、ct the training of the students ability to do well in tests.D.Students only pay attention to the development of their ability to think creatively.(3).Which of the following has NOT been mentioned as the advantage of examinations?（分数：8.90）A.Examinations are the only objective way of selecting student
47、s.B.Examinations are the only objective way to eliminate the problem of corruption.C.Examinations can tell us that too much anxiety can be a bad thing.D.Examinations can better stimulate students to study.(4).According to the passage, why are some people against exams?（分数：8.90）A.They are meaningless.B.They will make students learn something useless.C.They are believed to cause stress for the students.D.They are not related to the reality of life.(5).Which of the following is an acceptable summary of the organization
