1、大学四级-1433 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：99.00)1. A Letter of Consolation1询问同学病情，表示关切2谈谈班级近况，表达思念之情3表达希望同学早日康复返校的良好祝愿（分数：99.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Plastic Bag PollutionThe use of plastic bags has increased at an alarming rate since they became popular in the 1980
2、s. Big black bin liners, plastic carrier bags carrying advertising logos, clear sandwich bags and a variety of other forms. Theyre lightweight, handy and easily discarded. Too easily discarded. Just take a look around you. Plastic bags can be seen hanging from the branches, flying in the air, settle
3、d amongst bushes and floating on rivers. They block up drains causing water and sewage to overflow and become the breeding grounds of bacteria that cause diseases.Plastic bags are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where they take around 300 years to decay. They break
4、down into tiny toxic (有毒的) particles that pollute the soil and waterways and enter the food chain when animals accidentally consume them. But the problems surrounding waste plastic bags start long before they decay. Our planet is becoming increasingly endangered by our over-use of plastic bags.Produ
5、ction of Plastic BagsPlastic bags are made from ethylene (乙烯), a gas that is produced as a by-product of oil, gas and coal production. Ethylene is made into polymers (聚合体) - chains of ethylene molecules - called polyethylene. This substance, also known as polythene, is used to produce a range of ite
6、ms, including plastic bags.You have probably noticed two types of plastic shopping bags - the lighter, filmy bags you get from supermarkets and food outlets, and the heavier bags from other retail outlets, like clothing stores. The supermarket bags are made from high density polyethylene (HDPE), whi
7、le the thicker bags are made from low density polyethylene (LDPE). Unlike HDPE, LDPE can not be recycled.While plastic bags may not be the most high tech application of plastics technology, it is certainly one of the most prevalent. According to Clean Up Australia, Australians use in excess of 6 bil
8、lion plastic bags per year. If tied together these bags would form a chain that is long enough to go around the world 37 times. More than half of these bags (3.6 billion) are made from HDPE.Dangers to Sea LifePlastic bags are now amongst the top 12 items of wastes most often found along the coastlin
9、es. Animals and sea creatures are hurt and killed every day by discarded plastic bags - a dead turtle with a plastic bag hanging from its mouth isnt a pleasant sight but mistaking plastic bags for food is commonplace amongst marine animals. Plastic blocks their intestines (肠道) and leads to slow star
10、vation. Others become entangled in plastic bags and drown.Because plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down, every year our seas become “home“ to more and more bags that find their way there through our sewers and waterways. Every bag thats washed down a drain during rainfall ends up in the
11、sea; every bag thats flushed down a toilet ends up in the sea; every bag thats blown into a river will most likely end up in the sea. One disquieting fact stemming from this is that plastic bags can become serial killers. Once an animal dies of plastic bags, it decays at a much faster rate than the
12、bag. Once the animal has decomposed, the bag is released back into the environment more or less intact, ready to be eaten by another misguided organism. The incredibly slow rate of decay of plastic bags also means that each bag we use compounds the problem, because the bags simply accumulate.Polluti
13、on Taxes greater fluid retention increases total blood volume, and this increase raises blood pressure. Where salt is used freely, a large proportion of the population develops chronic high blood pressure, which is a primary factor in heart disease and stroke. Farmers in northern Japan traditionally
14、 preserve their food with salt. They consume as much as six teaspoons a day-and 40 percent of them have high blood pressure. Among the Eskimos. of Greenland, however, who consume little salt, high blood pressure is almost unheard of.The body of an adult needs only about 200 milligrams of sodium a da
15、y - the amount in 500 milligrams, or 1/10 of teaspoon, of salt. But the average American consumes about 12,000 milligrams, or more than two teaspoons, of salt a day - which supplies 24 times as much sodium as necessary; Germans consume an average 5,300 milligrams of salt a day. A sharp reduction is
16、recommended by authorities everywhere - to about 8,000 milligrams of salt per day for healthy people. For those who already suffer from high blood pressure, the normally suggested maximum is about 2,000 milligrams per day; more drastic restrictions - to about 200 milligrams - are required in special
17、 cases.However, if this recommendation is adopted, food will become almost insufferably bland for most Americans and Europeans. So some physicians prescribe as a replacement seasoning potassium chloride (氯化钾), which tastes salty but contains no sodium. Meanwhile, it should also be taken into account
18、 that extremely heavy use of potassium - unlikely because of its unpleasant taste in large doses - can cause death. Hence, the substitution of one chloride for the other should be undertaken only on the advice of a doctor.（分数：44.50）(1).Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?（分数：8.90
19、）A.The difference between sodium chloride and potassium chloride.B.The function of slat in daily life.C.A comparative study of slat consumption habits in some countries.D.The relationship between salt consumption and high blood pressure.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT tru
20、e about the function and nature of slat?（分数：8.90）A.It is composed of sodium and chloride.B.It helps the body to keep fluid substance.C.Too much salt consumed can lead to high blood pressure.D.It is the direct cause of heart diseases.(3).According to the passage, how much sodium do farmers in norther
21、n Japan consume each day?（分数：8.90）A.8,000 milligrams.B.30,000 milligrams.C.12,000 milligrams.D.5,000 milligrams.(4).The underlined word “bland“ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following words?（分数：8.90）A.Salty.B.Tasteless.C.Delicious.D.Dull.(5).What is the major reason why
22、 some doctors give patients potassium chloride?（分数：8.90）A.It is used as medicine.B.It contains no sodium.C.It makes food tasty.D.Human body can easily absorb potassium chloride.十一、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：44.50)Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain
23、with attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car-bomb.The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need i
24、s that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step of offering a reward of 10,000 pounds for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unl
25、ikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more actively in its own defense. There are several steps that can be taken, of whi
26、ch the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare dearly where they stand on violence toward people. And it will not be enough for the chairmen and chairwomen of these organizations to make
27、 placatory (安抚的) statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such under
28、takings would be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.（分数：44.50）(1).The underlin
29、ed words “these developments“ in paragraph 2 most probably refer to _.（分数：8.90）A.the acts of violence against scientistsB.the use of animals in researchC.the techniques of planting bombs in carsD.the establishment of new animal protection organizations(2).What does the author think will likely happe
30、n to the car-bomb planting terrorists?（分数：8.90）A.They will soon be arrested and severely punished.B.The police will have great difficulty catching them.C.They will escape overseas with the help of their organizations.D.The police are unlikely to continue their efforts to identify them.(3).What does
31、the underlined word “they“ in paragraph 3 refer to?（分数：8.90）A.The organizations that will talk with the research community.B.The animal-protecting organizations.C.Those who support the use of animals in research.D.Those who support the animal-protecting organizations.(4).The authors purpose in writi
32、ng this article is to demand that animal-protecting organizations _.（分数：8.90）A.declare their objectives clearlyB.give up the use of violenceC.continue the dialogue with the scientific communityD.help to find those responsible for the attempted murder(5).In the authors opinion _.（分数：8.90）A.since peop
33、le can lie, the problem about the rights of scientists cant be solvedB.animal-protecting organizations should be held responsible for acts of violence against scientistsC.animal protection organizations should be declared illegalD.the scientists should take effective measures to protect themselves十二
34、、Part Error Correct(总题数：1，分数：77.00)During McDonalds early years French fries were made from scratchevery day. Fresh potatoes are peeled, cut into strings, and fried in the 67. _.kitchens. With the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought 68. _.to cut labor costs, reduce number of suppl
35、iers, and ensure that its fries 69. _.tasted the same at every restaurant.McDonalds began switching from frozen French fries in 1996, and few 70. _.customers notice the difference. But the change had a profound effect on thenations agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transmitted into a 71
36、. _.highly processed industrial commodity. McDonalds fries now come fromhuge manufacturing plant that can process two million pounds of potatoes a 72. _.day. The expansion of McDonalds and the popularity of its mass-producing, 73. _.low-cost fries changed the way how Americans eat. 74. _.The taste o
37、f McDonalds French fries played a crucial role in the chainssuccess-fries are much less profitable than hamburgers, and was long 75. _.praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their special tastedoes not come from the kind of potatoes McDonalds buy or the technology 76. _.that proce
38、sses them. The taste is determined by the cooking oil. Themixture of 7% cottonseed oil and 93% beef fat gave the fries its unique 77. _.flavor.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十三、Part Translation(总题数：5，分数：35.00)2._ (无论遇到什么样的困难), we will be cooper
39、ative and try our best to make the deal.（分数：7.00）_3.The local government can not operate effectively _(除非免于这种干预) from the central government.（分数：7.00）_4.Many Americans are ignorant about Asian and African cultures, as _(这种情况通常也存在于) in some European countries.（分数：7.00）_5.The taller the container, _ (
40、水压就越大) at the bottom.（分数：7.00）_6.To such an extent _ (温度上升太高) that the firefighters had to leave the burning building.（分数：7.00）_大学四级-1433 答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：99.00)1. A Letter of Consolation1询问同学病情，表示关切2谈谈班级近况，表达思念之情3表达希望同学早日康复返校的良好祝愿（分数：99.00）_正确答案：(Sample WritingA Let
41、ter of ConsolationDear friend,Are you feeling any better these days? Were all concerned about your health. Perhaps I dont know exactly what illness feels like, but I guess that the days in hospital must be boring.It has been three weeks since you left and all your roommates have started to miss you
42、and your jokes. You always had a funny story to tell at bedtime in the dorm. How we enjoyed it all! Over the past three weeks, nothing much has happened. Everybody is busy with study since the mid-term exams are around the corner. You neednt worry too much about missing the exam. The teacher knows a
43、ll about your case and she told me that a makeup test could be arranged when you are back.Valuable as the study is, more important is your own body. Dont worry too much about lessons. I will keep all the notes in class for you, and when you are back at school Ill help you to catch up. Be sure to fol
44、low the advices of the doctor and make a point of doing some exercises every day.What I want to say is that we, the friends around you, are waiting for your coming back.Yours SincerelyWu Yeqiong)解析：二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Plastic Bag PollutionThe use of plastic bags has increased at an a
45、larming rate since they became popular in the 1980s. Big black bin liners, plastic carrier bags carrying advertising logos, clear sandwich bags and a variety of other forms. Theyre lightweight, handy and easily discarded. Too easily discarded. Just take a look around you. Plastic bags can be seen ha
46、nging from the branches, flying in the air, settled amongst bushes and floating on rivers. They block up drains causing water and sewage to overflow and become the breeding grounds of bacteria that cause diseases.Plastic bags are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where they take around 300 years to decay. They break down into tiny toxic (有毒的) particles that pollute the soil and waterways and enter the food chain when animals accidentally consume them. But the problems surrounding waste plastic bags start l
